the environment課件1

1、Grammar and usageV-ing form,Unit,2,制作13,,2014年下學(xué)期,功 能,定語,表語,賓語補(bǔ)足語,狀語,,現(xiàn)在分詞的形式與動(dòng)名詞相同，但功能不同.可在句中充當(dāng)定語，表語，狀語和補(bǔ)語。,present participle,,,,,定語,an interesting bookboiling waterthe man sitting by the windowthe bridge being

2、 built,單個(gè)分詞用于名詞前，用來修飾該名詞，功能上相當(dāng)于形容詞；分詞短語用于名詞后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。,The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.＝The girl who is writing a letter there can speak English very well.,The factory making TV sets is ver

3、y large. ＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.,1. Everybody says he is a _____ boy. A. promised B. promising C. to promise D. promise 解析：這是一個(gè)典型的v-ing形式作前置定語以形容詞功能出現(xiàn)，在這里，pr

4、omising意為“有希望的”。故答案為 B 。,[典型例題],[2012湖南卷]31. The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being started C. to start

5、 D. to be started本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)last night可知start已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故排除C、D，不定式常表將來。B. being done，一般表進(jìn)行，也排除?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語。,A,A. 與動(dòng)名詞作定語的區(qū)別B. 與過去分詞,不定式 作定語的區(qū)別,動(dòng)名詞作定語表名詞的作用或功能，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。,與過去分詞,不定式 作定語的區(qū)別①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之

6、間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。③不定式作定語表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。the house being built/to be built/built正在被建/將要被建/建好了的房子,boiling water 正在沸騰的水 boiled water 開水

7、 the changing world 變化中的世界 the changed world 變化了的世界 the developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 the developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 falling leaves

8、 正在落下的葉子 fallen leaves 落葉 rising sun 正在升起的太陽(yáng) risen sun 已經(jīng)升起的太陽(yáng),,,,,,表語,與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別-ing形式表性質(zhì)-ed形式感受

9、。,表示主語的特征,狀態(tài)等,一般接在聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞后面，相當(dāng)于adj.,interesting使人感興趣的 interested感興趣的　　exciting令人激動(dòng)的 excited感到激動(dòng)的　　delighting令人高興的 delighted感到高興的　　disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的　　encouraging令人鼓舞的 encourag

10、ed感到鼓舞的　　pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的　　puzzling令人費(fèi)解的 puzzled感到費(fèi)解的　　satisfying令人滿意的 satisfied感到滿意的　　surprising令人驚異的 surprised感到驚異的　　worrying令人擔(dān)心的 worried感到擔(dān)心的,This news sounds _________.encour

11、aging B. encouragedC. encourage D. to encourage,A,賓語補(bǔ)足語,They think of businessmen hiding from their responsibilities for the environment.（現(xiàn)在分詞hiding做賓語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充說明賓語businessmen),We can see steam ris

12、ing from the wet clothes. Can you hear her singing in the next room?,Don’t keep the students doing homework all day.,如下動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：“一感二聽三讓五看”feel, hear, listen to, get, have, keep，see, watch,, notice, observe, loo

13、k at, leave, catch，find,,Listen! Do you hear someone ____ for help? （2010湖南） A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 解析：該空在句中為非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，根據(jù) someone與call的主動(dòng)關(guān)系排除D項(xiàng)。hear后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)省略

14、to，由此排除C項(xiàng)。由Listen可判斷此處表示正在求救，故選A項(xiàng)。,[高考真題],功 能,定語,表語,賓語補(bǔ)足語,狀語,,,,1.There was a terrible noise _______the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed2. It wa

15、s so cold that they kept the fire ________all night.to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned,Multiple choice:,3. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket into a pass

16、enger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting,4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smok

17、ed,Exercise A:,Finish Part A on P29,Keys:Having readshocking 3. relaxing 4. tiring 5. interesting 6. living,Exercise B:,Finish Part B on P29,Keys:exciting 2. walking

18、3. falling 4. following5. moving 6. keeping,功 能,定語,表語,賓語補(bǔ)足語,狀語,,,,Revision,1. Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.2. Being a student, he was interested in

19、sports.3. Having written the letter, John went to the post office.,狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，注意如下三點(diǎn)：1.相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的從句,表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨等，,2.分詞的邏輯主語就是全句的主語,3.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)有不同的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài),時(shí)間狀語,When the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. =Seeing the cat, the m

20、ouse ran off.After he had written the letter, he went to the office. =Having written the letter, he went to the post office.,原因狀語,Because he knew that there was a dog outside, the little boy didn’t open the door. =Kn

21、owing that there was a dog outside, the little boy didn’t open the door.Because she had plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays.=Having plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays.,The co

22、uple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at home. =The couple went shopping, leaving their eldest daughter alone at home.The factory keeps releasing smoke. As a result, the air is made di

23、rty.=The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty.,結(jié)果狀語,If we prepare fully, we can achieve great things. =Preparing fully, we can achieve great things.,條件狀語,He sat in the chair when he was reading a newspa

24、per.=He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.They stood when they are talking to each other. =They stood, talking to each other.,伴隨狀語,Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. =Although living miles aw

25、ay, he attended the course.,讓步狀語,He earns a living by driving a truck. =He earns a living driving a truck.,方式狀語,He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.(keeping的邏輯主語和句子的主語一致，都是he),

26、_______ through the park, beautiful flowers could be seen everywhere.Walking B. When I walkedC. Walk D. Walked,時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),完成主動(dòng)式,1. Having finished her homework, shewent to bed.2. Hav

27、ing heard this, the woman astronautexpressed her satisfaction.,分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語用，不能做定語用。,一般被動(dòng)式,表示正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作,在句中作定語或狀語。,The car being repaired is mine.＝The car which is being repaired is mine.,B

28、eing repaired, the car can’t be used.＝As/Because it is being repaired, the car can’t be used.,完成被動(dòng)式：,表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，在句中多作狀語，不能作定語。,Having been praised a second time ,Idecided to make still greater progress.,Having b

29、een asked to stay, I couldn’tvery well leave.,非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式均為not+非謂語動(dòng)詞,現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式 not + 現(xiàn)在分詞（完成的否定式not 放在having之前）,Not knowing how to dye the silk red, hewent to her for help.,Not having heard from her son for along tim

30、e, the mother worried a great deal.,Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. （2010湖南） A. struggling B. struggled C. having

31、struggled D. to struggle解析：邏輯主語Dina與struggle為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除B項(xiàng)。由劇中的finally可知非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語took a position之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動(dòng)式。答案選C。,[高考真題],一些獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：1. Generally ________( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.2. _____

32、__(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody.3. _____( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.,speaking,Judging,To tell,1. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet

33、at home.,A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited,2. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ____________.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to g

34、o on,3. The storm left, ___________a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused4. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________away.A. r

35、un B. running C. to run D. ran,5. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket into a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting,6. A cook will be immediately

36、fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked,7. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always

37、______ the same thing.A. saying B. saidC. to say D. having said,A,8. My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A. bought B. bringing