personality-disorders-cluster-c-

1、陳文倩,Personality Disorders（ Cluster C ）C類人格障礙,Personality Disorders（人格障礙）,Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and in

2、ner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's culture.,,Cluster C (anxious or fearful disorders),,Those affected display a pattern of social inhibition,

3、 feelings of inadequacy and inferiority, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, and avoidance of social interaction despite a strong desire to be close to others.,,Avoidant personality disorder（回避型人格障礙）,Individuals

4、with the disorder tend to describe themselves as uneasy, anxious, lonely, unwanted and isolated from others. They are very anxious about the possibility that they will react to criticism with blushing or crying. They ar

5、e described by others as being “shy,” “timid,” “l(fā)onely,” and “isolated.” The behavior typically begins by early adulthood, and occurs across a variety of situations.,,Avoidant personality disorder（回避型人格障礙）,Symptoms of Av

6、oidant Personality Disorder,,Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact, because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection.Is unwilling to get involved with people unless certai

7、n of being liked.Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed.Views themselves as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others.Is unusually reluctant

8、to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing.,,強(qiáng)迫癥（obsessive-compulsive disorder）,強(qiáng)迫癥并不是強(qiáng)迫型人格障礙。,Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder （強(qiáng)迫型人格障礙）,Obsessive–compulsive p

9、ersonality disorder (OCPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a general pattern of concern with orderliness, perfectionism, excessive attention to details, mental and interpersonal control, and a need for control

10、 over one's environment, at the expense of flexibility, openness to experience, and efficiency.,,They are prone to become upset or angry in situations in which they are not able to maintain control of their physical

11、or interpersonal environment, although the anger is typically not expressed directly. For example, a person may be angry when service in a restaurant is poor, but instead of complaining to the management, the individual

12、 ruminates about how much to leave as a tip. On other occasions, anger may be expressed with righteous indignation over a seemingly minor matter.,Symptoms of Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder,,①、Is preoccupied wi

13、th details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost.②、Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project b

14、ecause his or her own overly strict standards are not met).③、Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships.④、Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with oth

15、ers unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things.⑤、Shows significant rigidity and stubbornness.,,Dependent personality disorder（依賴型人格障礙）,Dependent personality disorder (DPD), is a personality disorder t

16、hat is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs, with only a mi

17、nority achieving normal levels of independence.,,Dependent personality disorder（依賴型人格障礙）,Dependent personality disorder is characterized by a long-standing need for the person to be taken care of and a fear of being aban

18、doned or separated from important individuals in his or her life. The dependent behavior may be see as being “clingy” or “clinging on” to others, because the person fears they can’t live their lives without the help of

19、others.,Symptoms of Dependent Personality Disorder,,,Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessi

20、ve amount of advice and reassurance from others.Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own (because of a lack of self-confidence in judgment or abilities).Feels uncomfortable or helpless when

21、alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or herself.Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends.,Treatment of Personality Disorder （ C

22、luster C ）,Treatment of avoidant personality disorder typically involves psychotherapy with a therapist that has experience in treating this kind of personality disorder.Such shorter-term therapy will typically focus on

23、 the immediate problems in the person’s life, giving them some additional coping skills and tools to help.Medications may also be prescribed to help with specific troubling and debilitating symptoms.,Researchers today d