2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、外文題目：TheCleanDevelopmentMechanism′sContributionToSustainableDevelopment:AReviewOfLiterature出處：Climatechange2007(84):P5773.作者：KarenHolmOlsen原文：Abstract：Thechallengesofhowtorespondtoclimatechangeensuresustainabledevelopmen

2、tarecurrentlyhighonthepoliticalagendaamongthewld’sleadingnations.TheCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)ispartoftheglobalcarbonmarketdevelopingrapidlyaspartoftheKyotoresponsetowardsthemitigationofglobalwarming.Oneoftheaimsofth

3、eCDMistoachievesustainabledevelopmentindevelopingcountriesbutuncertaintyprevailsastowhethertheCDMisdoingwhatitpromisestodo.Closeto200studiesontheCDMhavebeencarriedoutsinceitsbirthin1997includingpeerreviewedarticlesreptsf

4、romthegreyliterature.ThisreviewoftheliteratureservestoassessthestateofknowledgeonhowtheCDMcontributestosustainabledevelopment(SD)includingpovertyalleviation.ThemainfindingofthereviewisthatlefttomarketfcestheCDMdoesnotsig

5、nificantlycontributetosustainabledevelopment.1、Introduction“Wefaceseriouslinkedchallengesintacklingclimatechangepromotingcleanenergyachievingsustainabledevelopment”theleadersoftheEightNationsagreedwhentheymetinGleneagles

6、Scotlon6–8July2005.ThechallengesofclimatechangeSDareatthetopofthepoliticalagendaamongthewld’sleadingnations.InparalleltotheG8dialogueonclimatechangeSDthemajityofdevelopedcountrieshavecommittedtotargetedemissionreductions

7、throughtheKyotoProtocolof1997whichenteredintofceinFebruary2005.Accdinglyacarbonmarketisdevelopingrapidlyasasteptowardsthestabilisationofgreenhousegasconcentrationsintheatmospheretoavoidglobalwarming.TheCDMispartoftheemer

8、gingcarbonmarketaimstoachievebothSDindevelopingcountriescosteffectivereductionofgreenhousegassesindevelopedcountries.Inspiteofitsprivateentitieswithinthese–areallowedtoinvestinprojectactivitiesthatreduceGHGemissionscontr

9、ibutetoSDinnonAnnex1countries.ParticipationintheCDMisvoluntarybuttohaveaprojectregisteredwiththeExecutiveBoardi.e.thegoverningbodyoftheCDMallpartiesinvolvedarerequiredtoobtainaLetterofApprovalfromtheirDNAtodocumentthis.I

10、nnonAnnex1countriestheDNAmustapprovethateachCDMprojectcontributestoSDasdefinednationally.MethodologicallyitistheresponsibilityoftheprojectdevelopertodocumentinaProjectDesignDocument(PDD)thattheemissionreductionsare‘realm

11、easurablelongterm.’Thismeansthatreductionsmustgobeyondthebusinessasusualscenario(thebaseline)beadditionaltoanyemissionreductionsthatwouldhaveoccurredintheabsenceoftheproject(additionality).3、AnalysisofhowtheCDMcontribute

12、stosustainabledevelopmentTheassumedsynergywin–winpotentialinthedualaimoftheCDMdonotreflectthewholepictureaboutitscontributiontoSD.AreviewoftheliteratureontheCDMSDshowsanumberofmismatchesconflicts.Toprovideanoverviewtheli

13、teratureisdividedintoatypologyoffourgroupsaccdingtotheresearchquestionsraisedtheapproachesdatausedmostimptantlythekeyfindings:(1)FwardlookingstudiestryingtopredictfutureSDimpacts(2)Methodologicaldevelopmentofcriteriaindi

14、catstoassessthesustainabilityimpactofCDMprojects(3)FestrycarbonprojectsanalysedwithregardtotheirSDcontributionlastly(4)Amixedgroupofstudiesraisingdifferentquestionsusingvariousapproaches.Thenumberofstudiesineachgroupvari

15、esreflectsahighresearchinterestincarbonfestryprojectswhereasotherprojecttypessuchasenergyindustrialprojectshavereceivedlessattentionascasestudies.Befereviewingtheliteraturefresearchfindingsanoteofclarificationontheconcep

16、tualbasisfstudyingSDisusefulaswellashowitislinkedwiththeCDMpovertyalleviation.3.1ConceptualclarificationTheeticallydifferentapproachesdefinitionsofSDexistbutenteringthisfieldwilldetracttoomuchfromtheoperationalpracticalu

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