tianjineconomic-technologicaldevelopmentarea-cities21

1、Sustainable Development of Transportation Infrastructure in Tianjin天津交通設(shè)施的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,-- Wei Zhu （祝為）Graduate Student （研究生）Transportation Engineering （交通工程系）U. C. Berkeley （加洲大學(xué)伯克利分校）,Tianjin’s Social and Economic Role

2、 in China天津在中國(guó)的社會(huì)及經(jīng)濟(jì)地位,The nominal GDP for Tianjin was 366.5 billion RMB in 2004, and per capita was 3400 USD. Tianjin gained a growth rate of 12.6%/year for the past 12 years.Major industries include: electronics, ca

3、r manufacturing, pharmaceutical, mechanical industries, and petrochemical industries.,2005 年天津的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值為 3665億人民幣，人均產(chǎn)值為3400美元。在過(guò)去的12年中，天津年平均增長(zhǎng)率為12.6%。 支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)：電子信息，汽車(chē)，生化，石化，機(jī)械，紡織等。,Existing Transportation Infrastructur

4、e in Tianjin天津現(xiàn)有的交通設(shè)施,,,Roads and Expressways:? ring roads:·Inner Ring Road (neihuan)·Middle Ring Road (zhonghuan)·Outer Ring Road (waihuan)? express ways:·Jingjintang Expressway·J

5、inghu Expressway·Jingshen Expressway·Tangjin Expressway·Baojin Expressway·Jinbin Expressway·Jinji Expressway? national highways:·China National Highway 102, ·China Nati

6、onal Highway 103, ·China National Highway 104, ·China National Highway 105, ·China National Highway 112, ·China National Highway 205, Public transit:? The Tianjin bus networkTianjin MetroT

7、he LRT Binhai Line,普通及高速公路：--〉環(huán)線(xiàn)公路：內(nèi)環(huán)，中環(huán)，外環(huán)。--〉高速公路：京津塘、京滬、京深、唐津、寶 津、津?yàn)I、津薊。--〉國(guó)道： 102， 103， 104， 105， 112， 205。公交系統(tǒng)：--〉公共汽車(chē)網(wǎng)--〉地鐵? 塘沽輕軌線(xiàn),Strong correlation between GDP and vehicles ownership國(guó)民生產(chǎn)值與汽車(chē)擁有率的

8、關(guān)聯(lián),,隨著中國(guó)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)值的迅猛發(fā)展，汽車(chē)需求量因受人均產(chǎn)值的影響將有急速的增長(zhǎng)。,Government is Encouraging Auto Ownership 政府鼓勵(lì)私人擁有汽車(chē),China’s 8th 5 Year Plan (1991)Declares the automobile industry a “pillar” industryChina’s 10th 5 Year Plan (2001)Goal: pr

9、oduce a Chinese family car at a price that would encourage mass consumptionEncouraging low interest auto loans,中國(guó)的第八個(gè)五年計(jì)劃將汽車(chē)工業(yè)列為支柱性工業(yè)。中國(guó)的第十個(gè)五年計(jì)劃提出：將中國(guó)家庭用車(chē)的價(jià)格降低至可以鼓勵(lì)大批量銷(xiāo)售。鼓勵(lì)低息汽車(chē)貸款。,Increasing vehicles ownership leads

10、 to exponential growth in highway demand汽車(chē)擁有量的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致公路需求量的幾何性增長(zhǎng),中國(guó)高速公路長(zhǎng)度,,Measuring Transportation交通運(yùn)輸?shù)脑u(píng)估,Mobility (流動(dòng)性）,Accessibility (可及性）,Litman,T. Chennai: Automobility or Accessibility, 14 Mar 2006,Traffic

11、 （交通性）,Measuring Transportation(交通運(yùn)輸?shù)脑u(píng)估),Litman,T. Chennai: Automobility or Accessibility, 14 Mar 2006,Vehicle-mile ? traffic (車(chē)輛-公里 ? 交通性）Passenger-mile ? mobility （乘客-公里 ? 流通性）Travel time ? access （旅行時(shí)間 ?

12、可及性）Generalized costs (time and money costs) ? access (通用價(jià)值 ? 可及性）,Impact 1: Land Use（影響之1：土地利用）,,,在甘肅省民勤縣北端的青土湖，被沙子掩埋的螺殼說(shuō)明這里曾經(jīng)碧波蕩漾（３月１１日攝）。   http://www.xinhuanet.com,Impact 2: Resource Consumption（影響之2：資

13、源消費(fèi)）,,Source: Natural Resources Defense Council, China’s Cities at a Crossroads: The Need for Smart Growth,Impact 2: Resource consumption – Continued （影響之2：資源消費(fèi) – 續(xù)）,,Source: Energy Information Administration, Internati

14、onal Energy Outlook 2004, Table A4, B4 and C4.,,Source: Energy Information Administration (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/archives/china/part2.html),Impact 3: Pollution（影響之3：污染）,What is Sustainable Development?（什么是可持

15、續(xù)發(fā)展呢？）,Definition: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 定義：可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指既滿(mǎn)足現(xiàn)代人的需求以不損害后代人滿(mǎn)足需求的能力。 http://news.xinhuanet.com/zil

16、iao/2002-08/21/content_533048.htm,Recommendation -- 1（建議 -- 1）,Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) implementation智能運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的落實(shí),,,Recommendation -- 2（建議 -- 2）,Promote Transit Oriented Development (TOD)倡議公交取向的發(fā)展 （歐洲模式

17、）,,,Recommendation -- 2（建議 -- 2）,,,,London's Victoria Station. In addition to being the place where many of the train and tube lines make connections, the station is also a tourist attraction in itself. 倫敦的維多利婭火車(chē)站

18、不僅僅是個(gè)交通樞紐，也是一個(gè)著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。,Recommendation – 3（建議 -- 3） Improve non-motorized transportation system 改進(jìn)非機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng),,,,Recommendation – 3（建議 -- 3）,,,Place d’Youville, Montreal, Canada,Bismarckplatz, Germany,Recommendation –

19、3（建議 -- 3）,,,Leiden, The Netherlands,Strasbourg, France,Other Recommendations(其它建議）,Popularize energy-efficient automobiles節(jié)能汽車(chē)的普及,,,Other Recommendations(其它建議）,Deploy Green Code on future transportation construction