the art of satire in gulliver’s travels【畢業(yè)論文+任務(wù)書+開題報(bào)告+文獻(xiàn)綜述】

1、<p><b>　　本科畢業(yè)論文</b></p><p><b>　　（20 屆）</b></p><p><b>　　英語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　The Art of Satire in Gulliver’s Travels</p><p>　　外語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)生

2、論文獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明</p><p>　　本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的畢業(yè)論文是本人在導(dǎo)師的認(rèn)真指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的研究成果。除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表的學(xué)術(shù)成果，也不包含為獲得浙江萬里學(xué)院或其他教育機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)位證書而使用過的材料。對(duì)本文的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式表明。如本文涉及上述聲明及任何知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛，本人將承擔(dān)一切責(zé)任。</p>&l

3、t;p>　　學(xué)生簽名：__________日期：__________</p><p><b>　　Contents</b></p><p>　　1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………..1</p><p>　　1.1 Significance of the study…………………………………………

4、………1</p><p>　　1.2 Organization of the study………………………………………………...2</p><p>　　2 Theoretical approach to satire………………………………………………..2</p><p>　　2.1 The definition of satire………………………………………

5、…………...2</p><p>　　2.2 The functions of satire……………………………………………………3</p><p>　　2.3 The language features of satire …………………………………………..4</p><p>　　3 An analysis of the art of satire in Gu

6、lliver’s Travels………………………....5</p><p>　　3.1 A brief introduction to Gulliver’s Travels………………………………...5</p><p>　　3.1.1 The author …………………………….……………………………..6</p><p>　　3.1.2 The langua

7、ge features………………………………………………..6</p><p>　　3.2 Analyzing the art of satire in Gulliver’s Travels……………………….....7</p><p>　　3.2.1 The satiric words……………………………………………………..8</p><p>　　3.2.2

8、 The satiric sentences………………………………………………….9</p><p>　　3.2.3 The satiric writing style……………………………………………..10</p><p>　　4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………….11</p><p>　　Works Cited……………

9、……………………………………………………12</p><p>　　Acknowledgements</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　The thesis aims to study the art of satire in Gulliver’s Travels. Gulliver’s Travels i

10、s a typical satire masterpiece by Jonathan Swift. By studying the satire in the novel, this article discusses the functions of satire, the language features of satire, etc. This article mainly focuses on analyzing the sa

11、tiric words, satiric sentences and satiric writing style in the novel. Hopefully, it helps to understand and appreciate the art of satire in the wonderful masterpiece deeply.</p><p>　　Key Words: satire fu

12、nctions language features</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　　本文主旨意在研究格列佛游記中的諷刺藝術(shù)，而這部作品正是諷刺藝術(shù)的巔峰之作。為了研究這部作品的諷刺藝術(shù)，本文討論了諷刺藝術(shù)的功能，諷刺藝術(shù)的語(yǔ)言特色等。本文重點(diǎn)分析小說中的諷刺詞匯，諷刺句子以及諷刺的寫作風(fēng)格。本文希望有助于讀者在深入欣賞作品的同時(shí)能理

13、解作品。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：諷刺 功能 語(yǔ)言特色</p><p>　　The Art of Satire in Gulliver’s Travels</p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　Jonathan Swift is one of the greatest irony novelists thr

14、oughout the world in 18th century. His masterpiece Gulliver’s Travels is also the representative of the satire. It is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the “travelers’’ tales”. It is Swift's best known fu

15、ll-length work, and a classic of English literature.</p><p>　　1.1 Significance of the study</p><p>　　This novel has a deep insight and a sharp critique. It exposes capitalist society’s truth abo

16、ut policy, economy, military affairs, statutes, diplomacy and culture in England (Yi Guoding & Fu Rengming, 2001, p.67). It also expresses the realism and corrupt system of exploitation. What’s more, the novel has ma

17、ny features. For instance, the plot of the novel is ingeniously conceived, as well as its imagination. The most important feature is the art of satire that the novel has. This masterpiece has</p><p>　　Satire

18、 is an important writing feature being used in various kinds of literary works, such as Resurrection, Animal Farm, and so on. Irony novel’s social value depends on its credibility and the connection between the real life

19、 and the things being satirized. If it is not based on the real life, the novel can not be a great one. In this paper, the present writer will focus on studying the relationships between the real world in 18th and the sa

20、tire plot in this novel.</p><p>　　1.2 Organization of the study</p><p>　　The research will include four parts. First of all, a general introduction to the topic of the paper, the relevant studie

21、s made by scholars both at home and abroad, and the perspective analysis the present writer is about to take. Generally speaking, this part is the significance and the organization of the satire study.</p><p&g

22、t;　　The second part will focus on the available theoretical approach to satire. The present writer will introduce the definition, function and language features of satire.</p><p>　　In the third part, the wri

23、ter will give a detailed analysis of satire in the famous novel Gulliver’s Travels. There will be a brief introduction to the novel, including the writing background, the writing style and the language features. Then the

24、re will be a analysis about the satiric words, sentences and writing style.</p><p>　　The fourth part is the conclusion of the paper. In this part, the writer will make a simple summary.</p><p>　

25、　2 Theoretical approach to satire</p><p>　　2.1 The definition of satire</p><p>　　According to Longman Advanced American Dictionary (2003, p.1275), satire is a way of talking or writing about som

26、ething, in which you deliberately make them seem funny so that people will see their faults. </p><p>　　Satire relies on real things, these things may not be the things yesterday, but may be the things in the

27、 future. These things must be public and common, can hardly be noticed and without wonder, but they are obviously unreasonable and ridiculous. Because the public have already been accustomed to the phenomenon, nobody wil

28、l feel strange. However, when the authors mention the hidden problem, everyone will have the same feeling as others. Satire is like a mirror to let the public look into the sea</p><p>　　This kind of satire i

29、s always in good faith, without malevolence, the writer wishes to alert the world to wake up. </p><p>　　2.2 The functions of satire</p><p>　　Satire has many functions, literature function and so

30、cial function are the most common functions. Satire, like Cerberus, functions to mark and defend boundaries (Knight, 2004, p.13).</p><p>　　Literature function can also be regarded as pragmatic function. The

31、writer use satire to let the novel humorous and familiar to the public. Satire words are often very infectious and make people laugh. What’s more, satire words are full of magic, making the plot more vivid and build a re

32、laxed atmosphere when readers enjoy them. This is also a kind of thought communication between author and his readers (Li Ying, 2010, p.98).</p><p>　　Great literature is always worth to read again and again,

33、 especially some interesting and philosophy sentences or words, such as some satire words and plot. The readers will link the theory with practice and have a deeper understanding. </p><p>　　Social function i

34、s another feature of satire. The author use some satire means to unclose the follies, abuses, or shortcomings. Some dark sides in society can not be spoken out directly, so the author skillfully uses satire to clarify hi

35、s points. As foregoing paragraphs have referred to, art satire relies on real things, but they are inconspicuous. After authors point out clearly, it will has struck a responsive chord in the hearts of readers (Li Ying,

36、2010, p.122).</p><p>　　We use a word but expect others to recognize that there is more to what we are saying than the uses of everyday language. The dialogues and the personality of Socrates create the possi

37、bility of a meaning that is latent, hidden or implied (Colebrook, 2004, p.2). Satire can not only explore some deep social problems or some humanity problems arising wherefrom, but also give well-meaning advice in order

38、to caution the public.</p><p>　　2.3 The language features of satire</p><p>　　Satire has owned lively language features. Satire language often contains typical character and style of the language

39、. It is narrated in a wit and nifty way, and full of humor. The tone and rhythm in sentences differ from man to man. When the writer describes workers, farmers, soldiers, officers, students, businessmen, evil gentries, b

40、andits, etc, characters’ language always accord with their identities, vocations and traits. It makes the satire tone more intense and the language more exaggerate</p><p>　　Satire language also has another f

41、eature, it is often written in a popular style, in order to make it closer to real life. All novels which win universal praises are based on real life, but sometimes bigger than life. Because their works are usually writ

42、ten with the view of an unimportant person, and this small potato always lives in the substrata of society. Such as Gulliver’s travels, the protagonist plays disparate roles in different countries throughout the novel, b

43、ut all his parts are unimp</p><p>　　Satire language is usually very imaginative, so that it can gain artistic effect. Satire by its nature and conventions generates irony (Test, 1991, p.151). Irony novels so

44、metimes use mimetic words and color words, or maybe use metaphor, exaggerated, comparison and metonymic transfer to make the language visual and readable.</p><p>　　3 An analysis of the art of satire in Gulli

45、ver’s Travels</p><p>　　It is well known that Gulliver’s Travels can be ranked among the greatest satirical works of the world literature. This novel is far more than just a adventure legend of the surgeon Gu

46、lliver. Through the book Jonathan Swift pointed out and strongly satirized the evils of the ruling class, bourgeoisie. Although the novel is full of sharp and bitter satire, he cherished a great love and good will for th

47、e common people.</p><p>　　3.1 A brief introduction to Gulliver’s Travels</p><p>　　The novel begins with a very short preamble in which Gulliver gives a brief outline of his life and history prio

48、r to his voyages. He enjoys travelling, although it is his love of travel that causes his downfall.</p><p>　　At last, He returns to his home in England, but he is unable to reconcile himself to live among Ya

49、hoos and becomes a recluse, remaining in his house, largely avoiding his family and his wife, and spending several hours a day speaking with the horses in his stables.</p><p>　　The novel presents itself as a

50、 simple traveler’s narrative with the disingenuous title Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, its authorship assigned only to “Lemuel Gulliver, first a surgeon, then a captain of several ships”. The novel is

51、 presented as a first-person narrative by the supposed author, and the name “Gulliver” appears nowhere in the book other than the title page. The unabridged publications of the text begin with a fictional letter entitled

52、 “The Publisher to the Reader”</p><p>　　3.1.1 The author</p><p>　　Jonathan Swift was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet and

53、 cleric who became Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.</p><p>　　He is remembered for works such as Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, Drapier's Letters, The Battle o

54、f the Books, An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity, and A Tale of a Tub. Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well known for his poetry. Swift evoked constant criticism

55、 of his character that kept him in the public eye (Kelly, 2002, p.1). Swift originally published all of his works under pseudonyms—such as Lemuel Gulliver</p><p>　　3.1.2 The language features</p><

56、p>　　The most important language features in Gulliver’s Travel is satire. In different articles, there might have various ironic degrees, for the ironic strength, although the same ironic ways have been adopted. The ar

57、t of satire can also be easily reflected by the language features. The author narrates protagonist’s four voyages experience, and uses this way to satirize the black reality of the England contending for power and profit

58、, invasive war and colonial expansion.</p><p>　　The writer uses furious words to attack the evils, in order to reach the effect of satire. Swift doesn’t only use one kind of satire to explain his anger. In t

59、he first part, he describes a king who is always malpractice and unfair to his subjects, and then points out that the reason is mean and selfish of human nature. However, in the second part, Swift doesn’t curse directly

60、the English ruling class. The good point is that the irony fully reflected. The irony words are quite sharp and our reade</p><p>　　3.2 Analyzing the art of satire in Gulliver’s Travels</p><p>　　

61、In the novel, we can see that one of Swift’s primary targets is 18th century British, especially the modern system of laws in his times for their limited and misguided version of human nature---a satire attack that still

62、 is agreeable today. To show his deep frustration of life, Swift uses the art of satire to attack the dark reality.</p><p>　　Xiong Yunfu and Zhang Yangli (2008) point out that the satire has influenced the n

63、ovel from different angles, in order to satirize the defect and the stain of the human nature. Nie Sumin (2003) emphasizes the art of satire might have various ironic degrees for the ironic strength in different articles

64、, although the same ironic ways have been adopted. </p><p>　　3.2.1 The satiric words</p><p>　　In Gulliver’s Travels, readers can find lots of satiric words. The author uses furious words to atta

65、ck the evils, in order to reach the effect of satire. </p><p>　　“I cannot but conclude the bulk of your natives to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon

66、the surface of the earth.” (Swift, 2008, p.134) </p><p>　　From the above example, “odious vermin” is a kind of insect which lives in rugged environment, and it is common and can hardly be noticed. The author

67、 uses this word to describe Englishmen in that ridiculous, contemptuous and strange society. In such evil environment, Englishmen are like “odious vermin”, they are selfish and stupid. The author satirizes the evils of E

68、nglish system, in order to alarm the direct ruler and arouse the totally ignorant persons’ consciousness.</p><p>　　In the last part, Swift uses the most ferocious mood to express his indignation. He says tha

69、t human beings are like the animals, but they can be divided into two parts -- yahoo and houyhnhnms. These satiric words not only make the whole novel humorous and vivid, but also make people clearer about themselves and

70、 their faults.</p><p>　　“. . . as to those filthy Yahoos, although there were few greater lovers of mankind, at that time, than myself, yet I confess I never saw any sensitive being so detestable on all acco

71、unts; and the more I came near them, the more hateful they grew, while I stayed in that country.”(Swift, 2008, p.246) </p><p>　　From the above example, “houyhnhms” is used to describe brilliant creatures and

72、 “yahoo” is used to describe vile humans such as officials in that society. Though Gulliver wants to distance himself from the Yahoos, Swift is making a satirical point by emphasizing the similarity between Yahoos and hu

73、man beings. From the comparison we can realize that Yahoo is a kind of animal which represent greed and corruption, while houyhnhnms are regarded as goodness and kind-heartedness. The author uses his i</p><p&g

74、t;　　3.2.2 The satiric sentences</p><p>　　There are also many satiric sentences used to increase the sense of satire. </p><p>　　“Whoever performs his part with most agility, and holds out the lon

75、gest in leaping and creeping, is rewarded with the blue-colored silk; the red is given to the next, and the green to the third, which they all wear girt twice around the middle; and you see few great persons about this c

76、ourt who are not adorned with one of these girdles.” (Swift, 2008, p.28-29) </p><p>　　From the above example, the would-be officials are almost literally forced to jump through hoops in order to qualify for

77、their positions. Swift clearly intends for us to understand this episode as a satire of England’s system of political appointments and to infer that England’s system is similarly arbitrary (Henriksen, 2008, p.92). Swift

78、can not spoke out the dark side of the society directly, so he skillfully uses satire to clarify his points. Then, readers will realize the shortcomings of suc</p><p>　　“And he gave it for his opinion, that

79、whoever could make two ears of corn or two blades of grass to grow upon a spot of ground where only one grew before, would deserve better of mankind, and do more essential service to his country than the whole race of po

80、liticians put together.” (Swift, 2008, p.138) </p><p>　　From the above example, between their conversations, it indicates that English government is a place where violence and destruction are frequent. Howev

81、er, Gulliver’s inability to understand the king’s position illustrates how the values of a violent society are deeply ingrained in their minds, satirizing that English people haven’t realize this problems. The comparison

82、 in their minds between the king and Gulliver, exactly satirize the dark side of social reality. </p><p>　　3.2.3 The satiric writing style</p><p>　　The author uses magical imagination, inflated

83、 methods, allegorical style of writing and strict criticism to disclose the black society of England (Lv Yumei, 2004, p.122).</p><p>　　The sharp and deep satire is the sort of the work. For instance, sometim

84、es the author satirizes the parliamentary politics and religion power directly, sometimes the author uses metaphor to ridicule the black sides. Such kind of gingery satire makes the whole novel spry.</p><p>

85、　　The contrast between the imagine world in the novel and the real things in the real society, making a contribution to the whole novel. This kind of writing style increases the charm of artistic. For instance, in order

86、to describe the differences between the villains and adults, the writer makes the difference quite big. The people in the Lilliput are twelvefold smaller than Gulliver.</p><p>　　“I said there was a society o

87、f men among us, bred up from their youth in the art of proving by words multiplied for the purpose, that white is black, and black is white, according as they are paid. To this society all the rest of the people are slav

88、es.”(Swift, 2008, p.267)</p><p>　　In Swift’s descriptions of the Yahoos, he uses the technique of describing the familiar with unfamiliar terms. Only slowly does it dawn on us that the Yahoos are humans.<

89、/p><p>　　What’s more, the writing is rich in content and succinct in style. In a word, Gulliver’s Travels explains the thoughts of the authors through the way of nearly perfect arts. The author uses rich satire

90、 means and lots of made-up plots to analyze the social reality in England at that time. The combination of falseness and truth makes the art of satire more wonderful and infective.</p><p>　　4 Conclusion</

91、p><p>　　From the above analysis, this thesis puts forward the advantages of using the art of satire, and analyzing the art in the novel, such as satire functions and satire language features. At the same time,

92、the thesis also analyzes other value in the novel. Gulliver’s Travels not only exposes capitalism society’s true color about policy, economy, military affairs, statutes, diplomacy and scientific culture in England, but a

93、lso expresses the realism and corrupt system of exploitation. </p><p>　　As what is analyzed, satire is a special language art, which own unique value that cannot be ignored. Satire is also an infectious art

94、guiding readers into thinking about human nature. Through the study of it, we can also appreciate and analyze the application of the satire words, sentences and writing style in this thesis. What’s more, by studying the

95、book, we can understand deeply how the satire is used by authors and how can satire reflect the authors’ deep thoughts. </p><p>　　Works Cited</p><p>　　[1]Boyle, John. Remarks on the Life and Wri

96、tings of Dr. Jonathan Swift[M]. Delaware: University of Delaware Press, 2010.</p><p>　　[2]Colebrook, Claire. Irony[M]. London: Routledge, 2004.</p><p>　　[3]Henriksen, John. Today’s Most Popular

97、Study Guides-Gulliver’s’ Travels[M]. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Translation Press, 2008.</p><p>　　[4]Kelly, Ann Cline. Jonathan Swift and Popular Culture: myth, media, and the man[M]. London: Pa

98、lgrave Macmillan Press, 2002.</p><p>　　[5]Knight, Charles A.. The Literature of Satire[M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2004.</p><p>　　[6]Longman Advanced American Dictionary[M]. Beijing:

99、 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2003.</p><p>　　[7]Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver’s Travels [M]. Beijing: Qing Hua University Press, 2008.</p><p>　　[8]Test, George A.. Satire: spirit an