人性如何迷失在爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代---《了不起的蓋茨比》主題分析【開題報(bào)告+文獻(xiàn)綜述+畢業(yè)論文】

1、<p><b>　　畢業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告</b></p><p><b>　　英語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　How humanity get lost in Jazz Age？</p><p>　　一、選題的背景、意義（所選課題的歷史背景、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)）</p><p><

2、;b>　　歷史背景</b></p><p>　　在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的時(shí)期，人們認(rèn)為不用再打仗了可以盡情的享樂(lè)。年輕一代的美國(guó)人更是覺(jué)得他們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)歡樂(lè)絢麗的新時(shí)代，他們丟開了傳統(tǒng)的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、價(jià)值觀念，信奉享樂(lè)主義，沉湎于聲色犬馬、紙醉金迷和新奇的爵士樂(lè)之中。二十世紀(jì)二十年代的美國(guó)，爵士時(shí)代。鼎盛、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的二十世紀(jì)二十年代，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人已經(jīng)開始切實(shí)感受到一戰(zhàn)為他們帶來(lái)的物

3、質(zhì)上的好處時(shí)，他們就以前所未有的熱情在一片歌舞升平之中關(guān)起國(guó)門來(lái)放肆地追逐財(cái)富與享樂(lè)，他們自認(rèn)為正置身于人類歷史上一個(gè)最輝煌燦爛的時(shí)代并沉醉其中，而且還相信這個(gè)時(shí)代還將無(wú)休止地延續(xù)下去。社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)以及人們?cè)谛袨楹托睦砩习l(fā)生了深刻的變化：中產(chǎn)階級(jí)隊(duì)伍迅速擴(kuò)大，個(gè)人消費(fèi)膨脹似地?cái)U(kuò)張，生活的風(fēng)尚變化了，人們的道德觀念改變了?！斑@是一個(gè)清教主義和飲酒解禁的時(shí)代，也是一個(gè)心理分析、爵士音樂(lè)和少女變得風(fēng)騷輕佻的時(shí)代；這是一個(gè)向革新挑戰(zhàn)，眷戀于往昔的田

4、園生活的時(shí)代，也是一個(gè)新技術(shù)普遍發(fā)展和商業(yè)繁榮的時(shí)代——汽車、飛機(jī)、電影、無(wú)線電和現(xiàn)代城市的縱情享樂(lè)?！?lt;/p><p><b>　　現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展方向</b></p><p>　　托馬斯·斯塔沃拉認(rèn)為菲茨杰拉德給我們描述了一個(gè)悲劇性的人物，因?yàn)椤叭藗儗?duì)蓋茨比故事的反應(yīng)與對(duì)悲涼的巨大荒野反應(yīng)相似?！痹凇冬F(xiàn)代美國(guó)小說(shuō)》中，馬爾科姆·布拉德伯里持有同樣的觀

5、點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為《了不起的蓋茨比》是一個(gè)象征性的悲劇。他認(rèn)為蓋茨比注定是要失敗的。并最終淪落為一個(gè)悲劇人物，因?yàn)樯w茨比所追求的僅僅是“具有象征意義的想象力，以及此想象力的模糊性和奇特性?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，蓋茨比欲得到的不是戴西本人，而是他想象中的戴西。這種想象中的東西是超越蓋茨比的力量的，也是超越現(xiàn)實(shí)的。馬里烏斯·布利也認(rèn)為《r不起的蓋茨比》提供了“在美國(guó)文學(xué)中對(duì)美國(guó)夢(mèng)最強(qiáng)烈的批判?！笨傊@些評(píng)論家都認(rèn)為。通過(guò)描述蓋茨比對(duì)戴西無(wú)望的并且導(dǎo)

6、致其死亡的愛情悲劇，小說(shuō)印證了蓋茨比的夢(mèng)想幻滅，其悲劇結(jié)局深深地批判了美國(guó)夢(mèng)。對(duì)于這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我有自己的想法，我覺(jué)得蓋茨比最后的死亡的命運(yùn)是悲劇的，但是他的悲劇不僅表現(xiàn)在追求了一個(gè)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想，更重要的是他在追求夢(mèng)想中對(duì)于金錢渴望以及對(duì)于愛情的占有欲都是悲哀的，都是注定他夢(mèng)想破滅的原因。他過(guò)度沉浸在自己所設(shè)想的一切美好的夢(mèng)想中而迷失自我，不肯面對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)，這才是他最悲劇的地方。</p><p>　　對(duì)于蓋茨比是悲劇性的

7、人物的這種觀點(diǎn)卻遭到了另一些評(píng)論家的反對(duì)。哈羅德-布魯姆就認(rèn)為蓋茨比并不是一個(gè)悲劇性人物。因?yàn)樯w茨比的最終死亡“維護(hù)了他的偉大．也證明了小說(shuō)題目的恰當(dāng)性。而小說(shuō)的題目絕非具有諷刺意味?！彼孕≌f(shuō)從根本上就沒(méi)能批判蓋茨比及其所追求的美國(guó)夢(mèng)。相反，“蓋茨比所擁有的最好和最悠久的東西不會(huì)消滅的，會(huì)重回到美國(guó)夢(mèng)活生生的富足之中的。”盡”盡管蓋茨比和他的夢(mèng)想是不正派的。但是他們要比現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中的“惡濁的灰塵”珍貴的多。安·馬薩更是認(rèn)為小說(shuō)

8、非但沒(méi)有批判美國(guó)夢(mèng)．反而從某一方面頌揚(yáng)了美國(guó)夢(mèng)，因?yàn)樯w茨比在其追求夢(mèng)想的過(guò)程中從來(lái)沒(méi)有幻滅過(guò)；蓋茨比死了，“死時(shí)夢(mèng)想幻滅了嗎?當(dāng)然沒(méi)有”。對(duì)于這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)有一部分我是同意的，蓋茨比在追求自己的愛情、夢(mèng)想時(shí)時(shí)快樂(lè)的，他在努力，他在奮斗，最重要的是他從沒(méi)放棄過(guò)夢(mèng)想，對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)我認(rèn)為其實(shí)蓋茨比也是一個(gè)幸福的人。但是也正是因?yàn)槿绱怂^(guò)度的幻想在自己的夢(mèng)想中而導(dǎo)致了他最后悲慘的命運(yùn)?，F(xiàn)實(shí)是可怕的，逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)是悲哀的，也是不可能的。</p>

9、<p>　　研究的基本內(nèi)容與擬解決的主要問(wèn)題</p><p>　　本論文通過(guò)三部分來(lái)研究茲杰拉德小說(shuō)中的主人翁--蓋茨比。他在追夢(mèng)中迷失自我，喪失了道德原則。研究《了不起的蓋茨比》和它的主題是有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的，可以給我們對(duì)于現(xiàn)在這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)一些啟迪。</p><p>　　第一部分介紹了作者生平以及寫《了不起的蓋茨比》時(shí)生活背景以及小說(shuō)的背景和簡(jiǎn)介。作者是生活在一戰(zhàn)以后美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮

10、的時(shí)代，各個(gè)思想都一個(gè)個(gè)冒出來(lái)，那時(shí)候的人們都沉迷在享樂(lè)中。通過(guò)了解背景我們可以知道小說(shuō)中的人物也是在相同背景下產(chǎn)生的，具備了當(dāng)時(shí)人們所有的性格，也就能了解蓋茨比為何會(huì)過(guò)著紙醉金迷的生活。</p><p>　　第二部分是介紹了一下美國(guó)夢(mèng)的由來(lái)、定義以及發(fā)展。人們很難給美國(guó)夢(mèng)下個(gè)精確的定義，但一般認(rèn)為，美國(guó)夢(mèng)就是“黃金夢(mèng)”。一方面，指在美國(guó)大陸這片充滿機(jī)遇的國(guó)度里，人人均可發(fā)財(cái)致富，反映了人們對(duì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富的追求；另一

11、方面，美國(guó)夢(mèng)也指人們對(duì)一種美好精神生活的追求，這種美好的精神生活是伴隨著富裕的物質(zhì)生活的實(shí)現(xiàn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)，這種美好的精神生活可概括為道德完善、充滿生機(jī)和希望的生活。美國(guó)夢(mèng)一直是每個(gè)美國(guó)人心中都有的夢(mèng)。通過(guò)正確的認(rèn)識(shí)美國(guó)夢(mèng)，我們也就能了解蓋茨比的美國(guó)夢(mèng)了。他的美國(guó)夢(mèng)就是能夠和相愛的人相守到老，一起過(guò)著幸福的生活。也就能了解蓋茨比為了實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想而不停通過(guò)非法手段賺錢。他所作的一切都是為了自己的那個(gè)他所謂的美好的夢(mèng)想。</p><

12、p>　　第三部分寫的是蓋茨比的性格、他的夢(mèng)想以及實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的方法。蓋茨比認(rèn)為自己最大的夢(mèng)想就是能夠和黛西一起生活，一起過(guò)著幸福的生活直至死去。但是由于他的執(zhí)著，由于的他那偉大的愛情精神。最終蓋茨比死在了威爾森的槍下。為了他的最愛，也是為了他的夢(mèng)想而死。通過(guò)了解分析蓋茨比的性格，也就能知道蓋茨比是一個(gè)為了夢(mèng)想可以吃苦奮斗的人，是一個(gè)為了追求夢(mèng)想堅(jiān)持不懈的人。但是他所追求的夢(mèng)想從一開始的簡(jiǎn)單而變的越來(lái)越復(fù)雜。他甚至最后被自己的夢(mèng)想而蒙蔽

13、了雙眼迷失在這個(gè)金錢化的夢(mèng)想中了，蓋茨比最終所追求的其實(shí)就是自己那幻想中的美好的夢(mèng)。雖然在追夢(mèng)中他一直沒(méi)有放棄過(guò)，但是幻想中的東西都是很迷惑的，因此蓋茨比被迷惑了，注定了他那悲慘的但是偉大的結(jié)局。</p><p>　　研究的方法于技術(shù)路線</p><p>　　本人是通過(guò)閱讀菲茲杰拉德的小說(shuō)、以及閱讀相關(guān)的報(bào)刊文獻(xiàn)的文章來(lái)研究的論題的。當(dāng)然也通過(guò)網(wǎng)路翻閱的其他著名的一些評(píng)論，以及根據(jù)作者的小

14、說(shuō)而翻拍的電影的方法去研究論題的。通過(guò)這些方法我更深刻的了解了作者的一些思想以及造成蓋茨比悲劇的主要原因，也了解了蓋茨比迷失的真正原因。</p><p>　　四、研究的總體安排與進(jìn)度</p><p>　　第一階段：2010年11月15日前確定并上交論文題目。 </p><p>　　第二階段：2010年11月中旬－2010年12月底，根據(jù)任務(wù)書向指導(dǎo)老師提交文獻(xiàn)綜述和

15、開題報(bào)告。 </p><p>　　第三階段：2011年1月底前，撰寫提交論文初稿。 </p><p>　　第四階段：2011年4月底前，在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行論文的寫 作和修改，提交二稿、三稿。 </p><p>　　第五階段：20011年5月上旬，打印符合格式的終稿。</p><p><b>　　五、主要參考文獻(xiàn)</b&

16、gt;</p><p>　　【1】菲茲杰拉德. 了不起的蓋茨比（雙語(yǔ)版）（賈文浩 賈文淵譯）【M】.北京:北京燕山出版社,2010.5</p><p>　　【2】楊仁敬. 20世紀(jì)美國(guó)文學(xué)史【M】.青島: 青島出版社，1999.10</p><p>　　【3】菲茲杰拉德. 爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代的代言人菲茲杰拉德短篇小說(shuō)選（吳檣譯）【M】 北京：外文出版社，1999.3<

17、/p><p>　　【4】左金梅. A Brief Introduction to American Literature（修訂版）【M】 青島：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)出版社，2006,8</p><p>　　【5】 常耀信，Selected readings in American Literary Criticism, 南京：南開大學(xué)出版社，1992</p><p>　　【

18、6】王建新 大人物蓋茨比的大 悲劇皖西學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) 2002,18(6)</p><p>　　【7】王慧青 傳奇故事《了不起的蓋茨比》中的悲劇情結(jié)——解讀主人翁物質(zhì)與理想追求錯(cuò)位導(dǎo)致”美國(guó)夢(mèng)“的破滅 文教資料 2007</p><p>　　【8】姚文俊 蓋茨比--”爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代“的”西部拓荒者“ 山東師大外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)教育） 2001</p><p>　

19、　【9】姚文俊 蓋茨比--美國(guó)夢(mèng)在”爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代“的化身 佳木斯大學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) 2002</p><p>　　【10】吳俊龍 幻滅中的重生 貶抑下的褒揚(yáng)--從蓋茨比之死看菲茲杰拉德對(duì)美國(guó)夢(mèng)的矛盾心理 重慶科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)（社會(huì)科學(xué)版） 2009第五期</p><p><b>　　畢業(yè)論文文獻(xiàn)綜述</b></p><p><b>　　英

20、語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　How humanity get lost in Jazz Age？</p><p><b>　　一、前言部分</b></p><p><b>　　寫作目的</b></p><p>　　弗·司各特·菲茲杰拉德是美國(guó)20世紀(jì)20年代最具代

21、表性的作家，他代表著美國(guó)文化史上一個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，他描述了當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)被稱為”爵士樂(lè)“和”金元“的時(shí)代。他被譽(yù)為“爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代的代言人”和”爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代的優(yōu)秀編年史家“。F.S.菲茲杰拉德就是生活在這個(gè)時(shí)代的一位小說(shuō)家。他生活的時(shí)代不僅是一個(gè)幻想破滅和尋歡作樂(lè)的時(shí)代，而且也是一個(gè)思想很活躍的時(shí)代。他的生活經(jīng)歷與很多同時(shí)代的作家不用，他在許多方面更接近了那個(gè)時(shí)代的年輕人，他的夢(mèng)想在那個(gè)時(shí)代中的很多年輕人中也是非常普遍的，但是不同的是，他在追求這些夢(mèng)想

22、的同時(shí)能以冷靜的眼光和客觀的態(tài)度去分析所有的一切，并且加以諷刺批判?！读瞬黄鸬纳w茨比》是他的代表作，集中反映了那個(gè)時(shí)代的生活。小說(shuō)描述了蓋茨比與黛西的愛情故事，通過(guò)蓋茨比追求愛情夢(mèng)想的破滅來(lái)表現(xiàn)”美國(guó)夢(mèng)“幻滅的主題。同時(shí)也真實(shí)的展現(xiàn)了那個(gè)”爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代“的美國(guó)社會(huì)真正的精神面貌。通過(guò)閱讀這部小說(shuō)，我可以了解到在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的時(shí)期，人們認(rèn)為不用再打仗了可以盡情的享樂(lè)。年輕一代的美國(guó)人更是覺(jué)得他們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)歡樂(lè)絢麗的

23、新時(shí)代，他們丟開了傳統(tǒng)的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、價(jià)值觀念，信奉享樂(lè)主義，沉湎于聲色犬</p><p><b>　　有關(guān)概念</b></p><p>　　人們很難給美國(guó)夢(mèng)下個(gè)精確的定義，但一般認(rèn)為，美國(guó)夢(mèng)就是“黃金夢(mèng)”。一方面，指在美國(guó)大陸這片充滿機(jī)遇的國(guó)度里，人人均可發(fā)財(cái)致富，反映了人們對(duì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富的追求；另一方面，美國(guó)夢(mèng)也指人們對(duì)一種美好精神生活的追求，這種美好的精神生活是伴隨著富

24、裕的物質(zhì)生活的實(shí)現(xiàn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)，這種美好的精神生活可概括為道德完善、充滿生機(jī)和希望的生活。所以，美國(guó)夢(mèng)不僅指追求財(cái)富，物質(zhì)生活得到滿足，也指追求美好，使精神生活達(dá)到滿足。我總結(jié)下來(lái)“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”其實(shí)包含了一下這些要素：第一人人都有平等的權(quán)利，第二人人都有信仰的自由，第三人人都有成功的機(jī)會(huì)，只是成功取決于你的才能和努力。這些要素都是和當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)代背景和歷史密不可分。</p><p>　　“爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代”即一戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后，20世紀(jì)2

25、0年代的美國(guó)社會(huì)，當(dāng)時(shí)的美國(guó)進(jìn)入了短暫的，空前繁榮的時(shí)代，表面的繁榮又預(yù)示著它的好景不長(zhǎng)。在菲茲杰拉德看來(lái)，20年代可以稱為爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代。他說(shuō)：“這是美國(guó)歷史上最會(huì)縱樂(lè)，最絢麗的時(shí)代。”</p><p><b>　　主題爭(zhēng)論焦點(diǎn)</b></p><p>　　有很多評(píng)論家對(duì)這部小說(shuō)里面的主要人物蓋茨比有很多不同看法和意見，那就是，蓋茨比在追求愛情過(guò)程中幻滅了嗎?小說(shuō)深刻地

26、批判了美國(guó)夢(mèng)嗎?其實(shí)，是否把蓋茨比視為悲劇性人物是他們的爭(zhēng)論焦點(diǎn)。</p><p><b>　　主題部分</b></p><p><b>　　歷史背景</b></p><p>　　二十世紀(jì)二十年代的美國(guó)，爵士時(shí)代。鼎盛、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的二十世紀(jì)二十年代，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人已經(jīng)開始切實(shí)感受到一戰(zhàn)為他們帶來(lái)的物質(zhì)上的好處時(shí)，他們就以前所未

27、有的熱情在一片歌舞升平之中關(guān)起國(guó)門來(lái)放肆地追逐財(cái)富與享樂(lè)，他們自認(rèn)為正置身于人類歷史上一個(gè)最輝煌燦爛的時(shí)代并沉醉其中，而且還相信這個(gè)時(shí)代還將無(wú)休止地延續(xù)下去。社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)以及人們?cè)谛袨楹托睦砩习l(fā)生了深刻的變化：中產(chǎn)階級(jí)隊(duì)伍迅速擴(kuò)大，個(gè)人消費(fèi)膨脹似地?cái)U(kuò)張，生活的風(fēng)尚變化了，人們的道德觀念改變了?！斑@是一個(gè)清教主義和飲酒解禁的時(shí)代，也是一個(gè)心理分析、爵士音樂(lè)和少女變得風(fēng)騷輕佻的時(shí)代；這是一個(gè)向革新挑戰(zhàn)，眷戀于往昔的田園生活的時(shí)代，也是一個(gè)新技術(shù)

28、普遍發(fā)展和商業(yè)繁榮的時(shí)代——汽車、飛機(jī)、電影、無(wú)線電和現(xiàn)代城市的縱情享樂(lè)。”</p><p><b>　　現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展方向</b></p><p>　　從第一次世界人戰(zhàn)到大蕭條爆發(fā)的十年里，物質(zhì)條件明顯改善，但經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)加深了，價(jià)值觀和道德觀瓦解了。人們對(duì)物質(zhì)的渴望使他們相信，只有金錢才會(huì)使他們快樂(lè)幸福。在那個(gè)被稱為歷史上“最會(huì)縱樂(lè)的年代、最講炫耀的時(shí)代”。人們欣賞無(wú)拘無(wú)

29、束的生活。反對(duì)禁酒法令。宣揚(yáng)性解放，陶醉于燈紅酒綠的生活。同時(shí)。人們也逐漸意識(shí)到只有擁有金錢，擁有財(cái)富。擁有穩(wěn)定的幸福和社會(huì)地位。才能實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的種種夢(mèng)想。那些處于社會(huì)底層的人們，不斷的努力，就是想要爬到經(jīng)濟(jì)階梯的頂端，去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。到了21世紀(jì)的信息時(shí)代，微軟的比爾·蓋茨、雅虎的楊致遠(yuǎn)以及C,OOGLE的三個(gè)創(chuàng)立者似乎變成了“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”的新偶像。他們憑借自己的智慧，年紀(jì)輕輕就積累了數(shù)百億美元的龐大資產(chǎn)。他們活生生的故事似乎表

30、明，只要有智慧，有天才，在美國(guó)就可以成功。然而，在當(dāng)今這個(gè)急功近利的時(shí)代，大多數(shù)人們似乎只看到了他們的天才能力，卻忽視了他們?cè)诔晒Ρ澈笏冻龅钠D辛勞動(dòng)。于是，各種各樣的投機(jī)行為開始泛濫起來(lái)。時(shí)至今日。一代又一代的人們?nèi)匀蛔穼ぶ鴮儆谒麄冏约旱摹懊绹?guó)夢(mèng)”。在金融危機(jī)肆虐的今天，—個(gè)被打上金錢烙印，物欲橫流，享樂(lè)主義至上的時(shí)代正在走向終結(jié)，而一個(gè)新的時(shí)代</p><p><b>　　主題焦點(diǎn)爭(zhēng)論的評(píng)述<

31、/b></p><p>　　托馬斯·斯塔沃拉認(rèn)為菲茨杰拉德給我們描述了一個(gè)悲劇性的人物，因?yàn)椤叭藗儗?duì)蓋茨比故事的反應(yīng)與對(duì)悲涼的巨大荒野反應(yīng)相似?！痹凇冬F(xiàn)代美國(guó)小說(shuō)》中，馬爾科姆·布拉德伯里持有同樣的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為《了不起的蓋茨比》是一個(gè)象征性的悲劇。他認(rèn)為蓋茨比注定是要失敗的。并最終淪落為一個(gè)悲劇人物，因?yàn)樯w茨比所追求的僅僅是“具有象征意義的想象力，以及此想象力的模糊性和奇特性。”也就是說(shuō)，

32、蓋茨比欲得到的不是戴西本人，而是他想象中的戴西。這種想象中的東西是超越蓋茨比的力量的，也是超越現(xiàn)實(shí)的。馬里烏斯·布利也認(rèn)為《r不起的蓋茨比》提供了“在美國(guó)文學(xué)中對(duì)美國(guó)夢(mèng)最強(qiáng)烈的批判?！笨傊@些評(píng)論家都認(rèn)為。通過(guò)描述蓋茨比對(duì)戴西無(wú)望的并且導(dǎo)致其死亡的愛情悲劇，小說(shuō)印證了蓋茨比的夢(mèng)想幻滅，其悲劇結(jié)局深深地批判了美國(guó)夢(mèng)。對(duì)于這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我有自己的想法，我覺(jué)得蓋茨比最后的死亡的命運(yùn)是悲劇的，但是他的悲劇不僅表現(xiàn)在追求了一個(gè)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想

33、，更重要的是他在追求夢(mèng)想中對(duì)于金錢渴望以及對(duì)于愛情的占有欲都是悲哀的，都是注定他夢(mèng)想破滅的原因。他過(guò)度沉浸在自己所設(shè)想的一切美好的夢(mèng)想中而迷失自我，不肯面對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)，這才是他最悲劇的地方。</p><p>　　對(duì)于蓋茨比是悲劇性的人物的這種觀點(diǎn)卻遭到了另一些評(píng)論家的反對(duì)。哈羅德-布魯姆就認(rèn)為蓋茨比并不是一個(gè)悲劇性人物。因?yàn)樯w茨比的最終死亡“維護(hù)了他的偉大．也證明了小說(shuō)題目的恰當(dāng)性。而小說(shuō)的題目絕非具有諷刺意味。”所以

34、小說(shuō)從根本上就沒(méi)能批判蓋茨比及其所追求的美國(guó)夢(mèng)。相反，“蓋茨比所擁有的最好和最悠久的東西不會(huì)消滅的，會(huì)重回到美國(guó)夢(mèng)活生生的富足之中的?！北M”盡管蓋茨比和他的夢(mèng)想是不正派的。但是他們要比現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中的“惡濁的灰塵”珍貴的多。安·馬薩更是認(rèn)為小說(shuō)非但沒(méi)有批判美國(guó)夢(mèng)．反而從某一方面頌揚(yáng)了美國(guó)夢(mèng)，因?yàn)樯w茨比在其追求夢(mèng)想的過(guò)程中從來(lái)沒(méi)有幻滅過(guò)；蓋茨比死了，“死時(shí)夢(mèng)想幻滅了嗎?當(dāng)然沒(méi)有”。對(duì)于這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)有一部分我是同意的，蓋茨比在追求自己的愛

35、情、夢(mèng)想時(shí)時(shí)快樂(lè)的，他在努力，他在奮斗，最重要的是他從沒(méi)放棄過(guò)夢(mèng)想，對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)我認(rèn)為其實(shí)蓋茨比也是一個(gè)幸福的人。但是也正是因?yàn)槿绱怂^(guò)度的幻想在自己的夢(mèng)想中而導(dǎo)致了他最后悲慘的命運(yùn)?，F(xiàn)實(shí)是可怕的，逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)是悲哀的，也是不可能的。</p><p><b>　　總結(jié)部分</b></p><p>　　蓋茨比是20世紀(jì)20年代美國(guó)文明孕育出來(lái)的產(chǎn)兒。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)以后,元?dú)馕?/p>

36、傷的美國(guó)進(jìn)入了歷史上一個(gè)空前繁榮的時(shí)代?！懊绹?guó)夢(mèng)”像一個(gè)在半空游蕩的色彩斑斕的大氣球,使一代美國(guó)人眼花繚亂,神魂顛倒。菲茨杰拉德說(shuō)過(guò):“這是美國(guó)歷史上最會(huì)縱樂(lè)、最絢麗的時(shí)代,關(guān)于這個(gè)時(shí)代將大有可寫的?！读瞬黄鸬纳w茨比》不僅是“爵士時(shí)代”的一曲挽歌,一個(gè)與德萊塞的代表作異曲同工的美國(guó)的悲劇,也是作家本人“靈魂的黑夜”的投影,“在那里永遠(yuǎn)是凌晨3點(diǎn)鐘?！毙≌f(shuō)家以凝煉而富有濃郁抒情氣息的語(yǔ)言,畫出“爵士時(shí)代”一個(gè)“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”從鼓樂(lè)喧天到夢(mèng)碎人亡

37、的悲哀,但是,《了不起的蓋茨比》寫的不僅是“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”幻滅的悲哀。它也寫了“人類最后的也是最偉大的夢(mèng)想”的頑強(qiáng)生命力,蓋茨比雖死而不悔的追求就是它最好的印記。蓋茨比對(duì)于“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”的迷信如同對(duì)宗教的狂熱。這種迷信侵蝕了他的靈魂，扭曲了他的心態(tài)和人格。他那多少有點(diǎn)自夸、自負(fù)和自欺欺人的性格特征恰恰是他陷入精神分裂并最終走向死亡的內(nèi)在根源。綜上所述．蓋茨比的悲劇就在于他是在一個(gè)變化了的時(shí)代癡癡地追尋著一個(gè)舊有的夢(mèng)想。面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，他不是調(diào)整自己、適

38、應(yīng)社會(huì)．而是繼續(xù)偏執(zhí)地生活在不切實(shí)際的幻夢(mèng)之中</p><p>　　參考文獻(xiàn)（根據(jù)文中參閱和引用的先后次序按序編排）</p><p>　　【1】菲茲杰拉德. 了不起的蓋茨比（雙語(yǔ)版）（賈文浩 賈文淵譯）【M】.北京:北京燕山出版社,2010.5</p><p>　　【2】楊仁敬. 20世紀(jì)美國(guó)文學(xué)史【M】.青島: 青島出版社，1999.10</p>&

39、lt;p>　　【3】菲茲杰拉德. 爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代的代言人菲茲杰拉德短篇小說(shuō)選（吳檣譯）【M】 北京：外文出版社，1999.3</p><p>　　【4】左金梅. A Brief Introduction to American Literature（修訂版）【M】 青島：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)出版社，2006,8</p><p>　　【5】常耀信，Selected readings in Amer

40、ican Literary Criticism, 南京：南開大學(xué)出版社，1992</p><p>　　【6】王建新 大人物蓋茨比的大 悲劇皖西學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) 2002,18(6)</p><p>　　【7】王慧青 傳奇故事《了不起的蓋茨比》中的悲劇情結(jié)——解讀主人翁物質(zhì)與理想追求錯(cuò)位導(dǎo)致”美國(guó)夢(mèng)“的破滅 文教資料 2007</p><p>　　【8】姚文俊 蓋茨比

41、--”爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代“的”西部拓荒者“ 山東師大外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)（基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)教育） 2001</p><p>　　【9】姚文俊 蓋茨比--美國(guó)夢(mèng)在”爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代“的化身 佳木斯大學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) 2002</p><p>　　【10】吳俊龍 幻滅中的重生 貶抑下的褒揚(yáng)--從蓋茨比之死看菲茲杰拉德對(duì)美國(guó)夢(mèng)的矛盾心理 重慶科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)（社會(huì)科學(xué)版） 2009第五期</p><p&g

42、t;<b>　　（20_ _屆）</b></p><p><b>　　本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p><b>　　英語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　人性如何迷失在爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代---《了不起的蓋茨比》主題分析</p><p>　　How Humanity Gets Lost

43、in Jazz Age? ---A thematic analysis of The Great Gatsby</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　每個(gè)美國(guó)人至今都還存有美國(guó)夢(mèng)，那就是他們希望自己可以取得財(cái)富和社會(huì)地位。在爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代，人們有他們那個(gè)年代的美國(guó)夢(mèng)。而蓋茨比的夢(mèng)想就是變成有錢人然后和黛西結(jié)婚生活，但是他的夢(mèng)想在當(dāng)時(shí)太理想化以至于不

44、能得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，令他很失望。使他在瘋狂追求自己夢(mèng)想的過(guò)程中逐漸喪失了道德，迷失了自我。通過(guò)分析蓋茨比的故事，可以了解到生活在爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代的一部分人的價(jià)值觀有了扭曲，逐漸迷失了人性。他們想要通過(guò)物質(zhì)的成功證明自身的意義，但最終什么也沒(méi)得到。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：美國(guó)夢(mèng); 爵士樂(lè)時(shí)代; 人性; 物質(zhì); 迷失</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></

45、p><p>　　Every American has a American dream today. They hope they can achieve wealth and social status. In Jazz Age, people also had their American dreams. Gatsby's dream is to become a very rich man and ma

46、rry Daisy. But his dream seems too idealized to be realized. He becomes disillusioned. He gets lost in his dream during his crazy pursuit of dream. Through the story we find out that people who live in Jazz Age have thei

47、r value distorted and lose their humanity. They want to prove their own value thro</p><p>　　Key Words: American Dream; Jazz Age; Humanity; Material; Lost</p><p><b>　　Contents</b><

48、/p><p><b>　　摘要12</b></p><p>　　Abstract13</p><p>　　1. Introduction1</p><p>　　2 .The American Dream2</p><p>　　2.1 Definition of American Dream3

49、</p><p>　　2.2 The American Dream in the Novel4</p><p>　　3. Gatsby Lost in His Dream5</p><p>　　3.1 Gatsby's goal—fortune and woman5</p><p>　　3.2 Distorted humanit

50、y and morality5</p><p>　　3.3 Illusion of love as a sign of his success7</p><p>　　4 The Reasons Leading to Gatsby’s Being Lost8</p><p>　　4.1 His distorted personal values and pers

51、onality8</p><p>　　4.2 Social climate of materialism9</p><p>　　5 Conclusion10</p><p>　　Bibliography12</p><p>　　Acknowledgements13</p><p>　　1. Introduct

52、ion</p><p>　　Fitzgerald is a famous American novelist, short story writer and scenarist. His current status in modern American literature is unshakable and indisputable.</p><p>　　Francis Scott F

53、itzgerald was born on September 24, 1876 and he was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota from an Irish Catholic family of upper middle class. Fitzgerald attended Newman School, a prep school in Hackensack, New Jersey, and enter

54、ed Princeton University in 1913 as a member of the Class of 1917. This experience makes great impact on Fitzgerald. At there, he became friends with Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bisho—future critics and writers. He also

55、was a member of the University Cottage Club, </p><p>　　Fitzgerald became a second lieutenant and was stationed at Camp Sheridan in Montgomery, Alabama. In there, Fitzgerald met and fell in love with a 17 yea

56、r old beauty girl who named Zelda Sayre. The girl Zelda finally agreed to marry Fitzgerald. But Zelda wanted to obtain wealth, fun and leisure in her life, and which led her to delay their wedding until Fitzgerald could

57、prove a success. With the publication of This Side of Paradise in 1920, Fitzgerald became a literary sensation, earning enough m</p><p>　　According to Zelda's biographer, Nancy Milford, Scott claimed tha

58、t he had contracted tuberculosis, but Milford dismissed it as a pretext to cover his drinking problems. Fitzgerald died of a massive heart attack. His body was removed to the Pierce Brothers Mortuary. Due to Zelda's

59、style of life style, Fitzgerald had to earn enough money that he could keep with Zelda's marriage and their love. As Fitzgerald's most famous novel, The Great Gatsby is based on author's life experience.</

60、p><p>　　Fitzgerald was the most famous chronicler of 1920s America, an era that he was dubbed "the Jazz Age". In Conrad's book, readers can find that Conrad believes that artist's task is &quo

61、t;by the power of the written word to make you hear, to make art communicate truth"(Li Hongwen, 2002). Fitzgerald is one of typical artist, who completes his task. And he is often considered as the spokesman and wri

62、tes many famous novels and short stories. For example, The Great Gatsby(1925), This Side of Paradise(1920)</p><p>　　The Great Gatsby is one of Fitzgerald's most famous novels. It first was published on A

63、pril 10, 1925. The Great Gatsby is a love story, the narrative of Gatsby's quixotic passion for Daisy Buchanan. The pair meets five years before the novel begins, when Daisy is a legendary young Louisville beauty and

64、 Gatsby is an impoverished officer. They fall in love, but when Gatsby serves overseas, Daisy marries the brutal, bullying but extremely rich man. After the war, Gatsby devotes himself to the pursu</p><p>　　

65、In this thesis, I try my best to attract people's attention to the author's morality issue implied in the novel. Through the study and analysis, I hope readers to know how Gatsby gets lost in the pursuit of his d

66、ream and how materialism extreme can lead to the spiritual emptiness and even destruction. </p><p>　　2. The American Dream</p><p>　　The American Dream emerged in the early 17th century. When so

67、me Englishman settled down in America, they tried to restore the lost paradise in this land and build a new garden with no sadness. In the land, everyone is equal and is entitled to the pursuit of his happiness. The stor

68、y of Gatsby is just one about how American Dream lures common people, affects them and even changes their life totally. We can analyze the issue through two aspects.</p><p>　　2.1 Definition of American Dream

69、</p><p>　　There are some definitions to the American Dream. People recognize that it is hard to give the definition of American Dream. At different times the definitions will have different meanings. In the

70、early time of American history, "American Dream" means hard working, optimistic attitude, pursuing happiness, equality and freedom. For instance , one is a belief that the United States through a hard struggle

71、will be able to achieve the ideal of a better life. Namely, people have to work with diligenc</p><p>　　For ordinary Americans, the American Dream is the success story; the American Dream is the climbing of t

72、he ladder from rags to riches; the American Dream is from the log cabin to the White House; the American Dream is to go west and young man become a millionaire (Hook. 1992:5). The American Dream can also be understood as

73、 being understood as an attitude of hope and faith that pursues for the gratification of human wishes and desires. However, for Fitzgerald, his view on the American Dream is di</p><p>　　2.2 The American Drea

74、m in the Novel </p><p>　　We know American Dream is very important, but what role could it play in the novel? Reading this novel, we could dig out the answers. The Great Gatsby is a novel about what happens t

75、o people who are after the American Dream in the 1920s, a period when the old values that give substance to the dream have been corrupted by the vulgar pursuit of wealth (Lin Suping, 2005:17). In The Great Gatsby, Fitzge

76、rald grieves over the decline of America with a picture of materialism and moral degeneration. In </p><p>　　The Great Gatsby is an exploration of the American Dream as it exists in a corrupt period (Lin Supi

77、ng. 2005:18). The novel around about the Gatsby’s story, through which the author discusses and explores the American Dream in the 1920s. In the Jazz Age, Ameican dream has no soil, and materialism and the pursuit of wea

78、lth has corrupted and devoured idealism (Lin Suping. 2005:18). </p><p>　　From reading the novel, a belief in self-reliance and hard working become what Nick Carraway says. Nick, an hero in the novel, he call

79、s "the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty." (Fitzgerald. 2010:220). It stresses on materialistic and interests and disregard of the inner world such as moral integrity and soul unavoidably. It l

80、eads to the degeneration of the American civilization, so the loss of the American dream is its ineluctable consequence. Daisy, a heroine, she is a vain wom</p><p>　　3. Gatsby Lost in His Dream</p>&l

81、t;p>　　In modern society, the self-made man Gatsby ends his life with tragedy. Some critics believe that Gatsby is a tragic figure because his dream is dashed and he ends with death. While others are in favor that Gats

82、by is not a tragic person. Because they think in the end of the novel, Gatsby wakes up from his dream and his spirit of striving for the dream is very good. I believe that Gatsby goes to the extreme of materialism and en

83、ds up being a man without spirit and soul.</p><p>　　3.1 Gatsby's goal—fortune and woman </p><p>　　Gatsby, the protagonist of this novel, his dream consists of into two parts---money and love

84、. But actually, we can say his dream is mainly material-centred. His wish is to achieve both fortune and woman.</p><p>　　Primarily, Gatsby's idea is very ridiculous and innocent. He believes that if he h

85、as enough money, he can break into the best society. However, he is wrong. He never knows that he could not be accepted by people who from the upper class. The upper class will never recognize those nouveau. He still has

86、 an illusion of his dream. From his point of view, money is the basis of the success. He is overly dependent upon the power of money and he has a blind faith in the power of money. So he hopes he ca</p><p>　

87、　What’s more, his value of love is also wrong and unmoral. As we know, Gatsby falls in love with Daisy at the first sight, but Daisy marries Tom who is a rich man from the upper class. Beasue Tom comes from a wealthy fam

88、ily, he becomes wealthy and tries to win the Daisy back. His love is based on material. He regards a beautiful woman as a mark of his success. Daisy becomes his dream and his final goal of success, but he pays the ultima

89、te price for this dream, and he dies for Daisy. On the approa</p><p>　　From the novel, we know his personality and value of love is distorted. His dream or goal is misleading.</p><p>　　3.2 Disto

90、rted humanity and morality</p><p>　　In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby is the embodiment of the Ameican Dreams disillusionment. However, him pursuits of his dream, his humanity is distorted. We can find it in the G

91、atsby’s life. </p><p>　　James Gatsby, a bright young man from a poor family in North Dakota, despises the imprecations of poverty so much he dropped out of St. Olaf College in Minnesota after only a few week

92、s because of his shame at the janitorial job he had to take to pay his way. Renaming himself Jay Gatsby, he learns the ways to become wealthy while working for a copper tycoon named Dan Cody, but upon Cody's death i

93、s cheated of a $25,000 bequest by Cody's mistress. Gatsby inherited much money "but lost most of it i</p><p>　　"oh, i've been in several things, ""I was in the drug business and t

94、hen I was in the oil business. But I'm not in either one now."(Scott Fitzgerald. 2010:316). From it we know Gatsby deals in different kinds of business, and he gains enough much money. And also we can infer that

95、 Gatsby is a hypocritical man. Above these words is a part of the conversation between Gatsby and Nick. Nick is his friend, but he lies to Nick. He treats his friend with unhonest. He does not want to tell his friends ho

96、w</p><p>　　‘Who doesn’t?’ I inquired.</p><p>　　‘Gatsby. Somebody told me—’</p><p>　　The two girls and Jordan leaned together confidentially.</p><p>　　‘Somebody told me

97、they thought he killed a man once.’(Fitzgerald, 2010:254)</p><p>　　In the process of accumulating wealth, he gets lost himself. His humanity is distorted and lost. Gatsby's money is gained through illega

98、l means, even he can kill somebody. He is cruel, treacherous and unscrupulous. </p><p>　　On account of his wrong outlooks on life and values, embarked on the road of degeneration and destruction, however, th

99、e formation of his outlooks had a close connection with the American social environment. Taking advantage of the overall economic boom, people indulge themselves in various merry-making activities which include noisy par

100、ties and seeking pleasure in clubs. In fact, Fitzgerald has known in the Jazz Age people's values have changed and distorted. The human qualities are destroyed by</p><p>　　3.3 Illusion of love as a sign

101、of his success</p><p>　　We know why Gatsby needs to earn lots of money in order to win Daisy. Gatsby has too many illusions about love. But Daisy has married, they could not be with together. It means that h

102、is dream of love can not come true. </p><p>　　On one hand, compared with Daisy, Gatsby is a poor young man,so he lies about his background to make Daisy believe that he is worthy of her. Due to Gatsby misgui

103、des to Daisy, Daisy believes he also comes from a family with a rich background, they fall in love. Therefore, it is certain that Gatsby should prompt his mind to earn much money at that time in order to marry Daisy. <