jsp技術簡介及特點文獻翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文譯文</b></p><p>　　一．JSP技術簡介及特點</p><p>　　JSP（Java Server Pages）技術是由Sun公司發(fā)布的用于開發(fā)動態(tài)Web的一項技術。它以簡單易學、跨平臺的特性，在眾多動態(tài)Web程序設計語言中異軍突起，在短短的幾年時間里已經形成了一套完整的規(guī)范，并廣泛的應用在電子商務等各個領域中。在中國，J

2、SP現在已得到較為廣泛的重視，得到了良好的發(fā)展，越來越多的動態(tài)網站開始采用JSP技術。下面就對JSP及其相關技術進行簡單的介紹。JSP技術可以以一種簡單而快捷的方法生成web頁面。使用JSP技術的web頁面可以很容易的顯示動態(tài)內容。JSP技術的設計目的是為了構造基于web的應用程序更加簡單和快捷，而這些應用程序能夠與各種web服務器、應用服務器、瀏覽器和開發(fā)工具共同工作。</p><p>　　JSP技術不是唯一的

3、動態(tài)頁面技術，也不是第一個，在JSP技術出現之前就已經有幾種優(yōu)秀的動態(tài)頁面技術了，比如CGI、ASP等。下面結合這些技術的介紹，講述動態(tài)頁面技術的發(fā)展和JSP技術的誕生。</p><p>　　JSP的開發(fā)背景和發(fā)展歷史</p><p>　　在萬維網短暫的歷史中，萬維網已經從一個大部分顯示靜態(tài)信息的網絡變成對股票進行交易和進行購書操作的一個基本設施。在各種各樣的應用程序中，對于能夠使用的基于

4、web的客戶端，看上去沒有任何限制。</p><p>　　基于瀏覽器客戶端的應用程序比傳統(tǒng)的基于客戶機/服務器的應用程序多幾個好處。這些好處包括幾乎沒有限制的客戶端訪問和非常簡化的應用程序部署和管理（要更新一個應用程序，管理人員只需要更改一個基于服務器的程序，而不是成千上萬的安裝在客戶端的應用程序）。這樣，軟件工業(yè)迅速的向著建造基于瀏覽器客戶端的多層次應用程序邁進。</p><p>　　這

5、些快速增長的精致的基于web的應用程序要求開發(fā)技術上的改進。靜態(tài)HTML對于顯示相對靜態(tài)的內容是很好的選擇；新的挑戰(zhàn)在于創(chuàng)建交互的基于web的應用程序，在這些程序中，頁面的內容是基于用戶的請求或者系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)，而不是預先定義的文字。</p><p>　　對于這個問題的一個早期解決的方案是使用CGI-BIN接口。開發(fā)人員編寫與接口相關的單獨的程序，以及基于web的應用程序，后者通過web服務器來使用前者。這個方法有著

6、嚴重的擴展性問題——每個新的CGI要求在服務器上新增加一個進程。如果多個用戶并發(fā)的訪問這個程序，這些進程將消耗該web服務器所有的可用資源，并且系統(tǒng)性能會降低到非常低下的地步。</p><p>　　有些web服務器開發(fā)商已經嘗試通過為他們的服務器提供“插件”和API來簡化web應用程序的開發(fā)。這些解決方法是與特定的web服務器相關的，不能解決跨多個開發(fā)商的解決方法的問題。例如，微軟的Active Server P

7、ages（ASP）技術使在web頁面上創(chuàng)建的動態(tài)內容更加簡單，但是也只能用在微軟的IIS和Personal Web Server上。</p><p>　　還有其他的解決方法，但是都不能使一個普通的頁面設計者能夠輕易的掌握。例如，像Java Servlet這樣的技術就可以讓使用Java語言編寫交互的應用程序的服務器端的代碼變得容易。開發(fā)人員能夠編寫出這樣的Servlet，以接收來自Web瀏覽器的HTTP請求，動態(tài)的

8、生成相應（可能要查詢數據庫來完成這項請求），然后發(fā)送包含HTML或者XML文檔的相應到瀏覽器。</p><p>　　二．數據庫管理系統(tǒng)介紹</p><p>　　數據庫（database,有時拼作data base）又稱為電子數據庫，是專門組織起來的一組數據或信息，其目的是為了便于計算機快速查詢及檢索。數據庫的結構是專門設計的，在各種數據處理操作命令的支持下，可以簡化數據的存儲，檢索，修改和

9、刪除。數據庫可以存儲在磁盤，磁帶，光盤或其他輔助存儲設備上。</p><p>　　數據庫由一個或一套文件組成，其中的信息可以分解為記錄，每一記錄又包含一個或多個字段（或稱為域）。字段是數據存取的基本單位。數據庫用于描述實體，其中的一個字段通常表示與實體的某一屬性相關的信息。通過關鍵字以及各種分類（排序）命令，用戶可以對多條記錄的字段進行查詢，重新整理，分組或選擇，以實體對某一類數據的檢索，也可以生成報表。 <

10、;/p><p>　　所有數據庫（最簡單的除外）中都有復雜的數據關系及其鏈接。處理與創(chuàng)建，訪問以及維護數據庫記錄有關的復雜任務的系統(tǒng)軟件包叫做數據庫管理系統(tǒng)（DBMS）。DBMS軟件包中的程序在數據庫與其用戶間建立接口。（這些用戶可以是應用程序員，管理員及其他需要信息的人員和各種操作系統(tǒng)程序）。</p><p>　　DBMS可組織，處理和表示從數據庫中選出的數據元。該功能使決策者能搜索，探查和查

11、詢數據庫的內容，從而對在正規(guī)報告中沒有的，不再出現的且無法預料的問題做出回答。這些問題最初可能是模糊的并且（或者）是定義不恰當的，但是人們可以瀏覽數據庫直到獲得所需的信息。簡言之，DBMS將“管理”存儲的數據項，并從公共數據庫中匯集所需的數據項以回答非程序員的詢問。</p><p>　　DBMS由3個主要部分組成：（1）存儲子系統(tǒng)，用來存儲和檢索文件中的數據；（2）建模和操作子系統(tǒng)，提供組織數據以及添加，刪除，維

12、護，更新數據的方法；（3）用戶和DBMS之間的接口。在提高數據庫管理系統(tǒng)的價值和有效性方面正在展現以下一些重要發(fā)展趨勢；</p><p>　　管理人員:需要最新的信息以做出有效的決策。</p><p>　　客戶:需要越來越復雜的信息服務以及更多的有關其訂單，發(fā)票和賬號的當前信息。</p><p>　　用戶:發(fā)現他們可以使用傳統(tǒng)的程序設計語言，在很短的一段時間內用數據

13、庫系統(tǒng)開發(fā)客戶應用程序。</p><p>　　商業(yè)公司:發(fā)現了信息的戰(zhàn)略價值，他們利用數據庫系統(tǒng)領先于競爭對手。</p><p>　　Struts-MVC的一種開放源碼實現</p><p>　　模型-視圖-控制器 (MVC)</p><p>　　JSP標記只解決了部分問題。我們還得處理驗證、流程控制和更新應用程序的狀態(tài)等問題。這正是 MVC

14、發(fā)揮作用的地方。MVC通過將問題分為三個類別來幫助解決單一模塊方法所遇到的某些問題：</p><p>　　Model（模型） </p><p>　　模型包含應用程序的核心功能。模型封裝了應用程序的狀態(tài)。有時它包含的唯一功能就是狀態(tài)。它對視圖或控制器一無所知。</p><p><b>　　View（視圖） </b></p>&l

15、t;p>　　視圖提供模型的表示。它是應用程序的外觀。視圖可以訪問模型的讀方法，但不能訪問寫方法。此外，它對控制器一無所知。當更改模型時，視圖應得到通知。</p><p>　　Controller（控制器）</p><p>　　控制器對用戶的輸入作出反應。它創(chuàng)建并設置模型。</p><p><b>　　譯文原文</b></p>

16、<p><b>　　Eg1：</b></p><p>　　JSP Technology Conspectus And Specialties </p><p>　　The JSP(Java Server mix)technology is used by the Sun microsystem issued by the company to develo

17、p dynamic Web application technology. With its easy,cross-platform,in many dynamic Web application programming languages, in a short span of a few years, has formed a complete set of standards,and widely used in electron

18、ic commerce,etc.In China,the JSP now also got more extensive attention,get a good development,more and more dynamic website to JSP technology. The related technologies of JSP are brie</p><p>　　The JSP a simp

19、le technology can quickly and with the method of generating Web pages.Use the JSP technology Web page can be easily display dynamic content. The JSP technology are designed to make the construction based on Web applicati

20、ons easier and efficient, and these applications and various Web server, application server,the browser and development tools work together. </p><p>　　The JSP technology isn't the only dynamic web techno

21、logy, also not the first one, in the JSP technology existed before the emergence of several excellent dynamic web technology,such as CGI, ASP, etc. With the introduction of these technologies under dynamic web technology

22、, the development and the JSP. Technical JSP the development background and development history In web brief history, from a world wide web that most of the network information static on stock transactions evolution to a

23、cquisiti</p><p>　　Based on the browser client applications than traditional based on client/server applications has several advantages. These benefits include almost no limit client access and extremely simp

24、lified application deployment and management (to update an application, management personnel only need to change the program on a server, not thousands of installation in client applications). So, the software industry i

25、s rapidly to build on the client browser multi-layer application. </p><p>　　The rapid growth of exquisite based Web application requirements development of technical improvements. Static HTML to show relativ

26、ely static content is right choice, The new challenge is to create the interaction based on Web applications, in these procedures, the content of a Web page is based on the user's request or the state of the system,

27、and are not predefined characters. </p><p>　　For the problem of an early solution is to use a CGI - BIN interface. Developers write to interface with the relevant procedures and separate based on Web applica

28、tions, the latter through the Web server to invoke the former. </p><p>　　This plan has serious problem -- each new extensible CGI requirements in a new process on the server. If multiple concurrent users acc

29、ess to this procedure, these processes will use the Web server of all available resources,and the performance of the system will be reduced to extremely low. </p><p>　　Some Web server providers have to provi

30、de for their server by plugins "and" the API to simplify the Web application development. These solutions are associated with certain Web server, cannot solve the span multiple suppliers solutions. For example,

31、 Microsoft's Active Server mix (ASP) technology in the Web page to create dynamic content more easily, but also can work in Microsoft on Personal Web Server and IIS.</p><p>　　There are other solutions, b

32、ut cannot make an ordinary page designers can easily master.For example, such as the Servlet Java technologies can use Java language interaction application server code easier. Developers to write such Servlet to receive

33、 signals from the Web browser to generate an HTTP request, a dynamic response (may be inquires the database to finish the request), then send contain HTML or XML documents to the response of the browser.</p><p

34、><b>　　Eg2：</b></p><p>　　Database Management Systems</p><p>　　A database (sometimes spelled data base) is also called an electronic database , referring to any collection of data,

35、or information, that is specially organized for rapid search and retrieval by a computer. Databases are structured to facilitate the storage, retrieval , modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various dat

36、a-processing operations .Databases can be stored on magnetic disk or tape, optical disk, or some other secondary storage device.</p><p>　　A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in t

37、hese files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage , and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute o

38、f the entity described by the database. Using keywords and various sorting commands, users can rapidly search , rearrange, group, and select the fields in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular</p>

39、;<p>　　Complex data relationships and linkages may be found in all but the simplest databases .The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating ,accessing, and maintaining data

40、base records is called a database management system(DBMS).The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database.. (These users may be applications programmers, ma

41、nagers and others with information needs, and various OS programs.) </p><p>　　A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements form the database. This capability enables </p><p>

42、;　　decision makers to search, probe, and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unplanned questions that aren’t available in regular reports. These questions might initially be vague and/

43、or poorly defined ,but people can “browse” through the database until they have the needed information. In short, the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from the common database in res

44、ponse to the queries of those who aren’t programmers. </p><p>　　A database management system (DBMS) is composed of three major parts:(1)a storage subsystem that stores and retrieves data in files;(2) a mode

45、ling and manipulation subsystem that provides the means with which to organize the data and to add , delete, maintain, and update the data;(3)and an interface between the DBMS and its users. Several major trends are emer

46、ging that enhance the value and usefulness of database management systems; </p><p>　　Managers: who require more up-to-data information to make effective decision </p><p>　　Customers: who demand

47、 increasingly sophisticated information services and more current information about the status of their orders, invoices, and accounts. </p><p>　　Users: who find that they can develop custom applications wi

48、th database systems in a fraction of the time it takes to use traditional programming languages. </p><p>　　Organizations : that discover information has a strategic value; they utilize their database system

49、s to gain an edge over their competitors. </p><p><b>　　Eg3：</b></p><p>　　Struts——an open-source MVC implementation</p><p>　　Model-View-Controller (MVC)</p><p&

50、gt;　　JSP tags solved only part of our problem. We still have issues with validation, flow control, and updating the state of the application. This is where MVC comes to the rescue. MVC helps resolve some of the issues wi

51、th the single module approach by dividing the problem into three categories: </p><p><b>　　Model</b></p><p>　　The model contains the core of the application's functionality. The m

52、odel encapsulates the state of the application. Sometimes the only functionality it contains is state. It knows nothing about the view or controller. </p><p><b>　　View</b></p><p>　　T

53、he view provides the presentation of the model. It is the look of the application. The view can access the model getters, but it has no knowledge of the setters. In addition, it knows nothing about the controller. The vi

54、ew should be notified when changes to the model occur. </p><p>　　Controller</p><p>　　The controller reacts to the user input. It creates and sets the model.</p><p><b>　　參考文獻

55、：</b></p><p>　　[1]Database Management Systems by Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math; 3rd edition (August 14, 2002) ISBN: 0072465638</p><p>

56、　　[2]Malcolm Davis. Struts——an open-source MVC implementation,IBM System Journal,2006</p><p>　　譯 文 要 求</p><p>　　1、譯文內容必須與課題（或專業(yè)）內容相關，并需注明詳細出處。</p><p>　　2、外文翻譯譯文不少于2000字；外文參考資料閱讀量

57、至少3篇（相當于10萬外文字符以上）。</p><p>　　3、譯文原文（或復印件）應附在譯文后備查。</p><p>　　譯 文 評 閱</p><p>　　導師評語（應根據學校“譯文要求”，對學生外文翻譯的準確性、翻譯數量以及譯文的文字表述情況等作具體的評價）</p><p><b>　?。ㄒ笫謱懀?lt;/b>&