畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯(日產(chǎn)5000噸新型干法水泥生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)生料車(chē)間工藝設(shè)計(jì))

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　設(shè)計(jì)題目： 日產(chǎn)5000噸新型干法水泥生產(chǎn)</p><p>　　線(xiàn)生料車(chē)間工藝設(shè)計(jì) </p><p>　　學(xué)生姓名： </p><p>　　學(xué) 號(hào)：

2、 </p><p>　　專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 建筑材料與工程 </p><p>　　外文出處： </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： </p><p>　　年 月

3、日</p><p>　　Thoughts on the Current Cement Industry Development</p><p>　　According to the analysis of cement capacity and its relations with macro economy running index, the main reasons for the

4、present rapid development of cement capacity the rapid development of economy and the shot up of whole society fixed asset investment．According to the present speed of economy development, cement still enjoys a potential

5、 increased, So here has not been all overall excessive popularity of cement industry．The best way to prevent low level repeated construction is top remote the</p><p>　　During the ninth “five—year plan” perio

6、d，Chinese cement output increased from 475．61 million ton of the year 1995 to 597 million of the year 2000，with a average yearly increase of 25 million ton and a yearly increase rate 4.5％.During the tenth“ five—year plan

7、” period, the government keeps adopting the policy of promoting domestic demand，the national economy keeps a constant rapid healthy development and cement output increases rapidly． In 2001，the whole country’s cement outp

8、ut reached 661．04 mil</p><p>　　1. Market demand is the sole criterion of the reasonable increase speed of cement capacity</p><p>　　The nature of cement decides its usual duration of three months

9、． As a result， cement consumption and its output have a good accordance with little import．In recent years，the production—sales rate of cement keeps around 94％ 一97％．</p><p>　　As an investment production， cem

10、ent has a main consumption market in industry， construction industry，housing，roads building，basic establishment construction and some building materials such as cement products．The criterion to decide whether cement indu

11、stry development is over popular is to see whether the development of its capacity meets its consumption or in other words，meets its market demand．</p><p>　　Historical data shows that the increase speed and

12、structure of GDP and whole society fixed asset investment and the living conditions of people decide the development speed of many industries such as construction industry and real estate industry． The changes of cement

13、consumption have close relations with the changes of these factors．</p><p>　　1.1 Cement consumption volume and GDP increase</p><p>　　In recent years，the development of Chinese national economy h

14、as come into a rapid increase period and GDP enjoys an obvious speed up development．During this period，Chinese cement consumption enjoys a cycle fluctuation accordingly．</p><p>　　Cement consumption increases

15、 and decreases by a certain margin with the rapid increase and decrease of GDP．but with an obvious delay．However，when GDP changes steadily with an increase a rate of about 10％,the changes of cement consumption do not hav

16、e obvious relations with the changes of the increase rate of GDP． The changes of cement consumption are related not only to the increase of GDP but also to the structure of economy development．</p><p>　　1.2

17、Cement consumption volume and the increase of fixed asset investment</p><p>　　From the ninth“ five—year p1an"，Chinese who1e society fixed asset investment has increased rapidly． During the ninth“ five—y

18、ear plan” period，fixed asset investment enjoyed a yearly increase rate of 10.46％．After the entry to the tenth“ five—year plan” period, it has an average increase rate of 14.56％．The yearly gross investment volume was 2780

19、 billion Yuan during the ninth“ five—year plan” period while it reached to 4020 billion Yuan in the year 2002 with a yearly increase volume of 1240 billon Y</p><p>　　Data show that the increase of cement con

20、sumption results mainly from the drive from fixed asset investment．The increase of cement consumption an d that of fixed asset investment have close relations． That is，cement consumption has a definite increase according

21、 to the increase of fixed asset investment and the increase margin is regulated by market．</p><p>　　1.3 Cement consumption volume and the development speed of secondary industry</p><p>　　After t

22、he analysis of the structure of fixed asset investment，we can find that secondary industry (including industry，construction industry，cement products and so on)is the main content of fixed asset investment and main force

23、of cement consumption．</p><p>　　The increase volume of cement consumption obviously changes with the changes of secondary industry increase speed，which fully indicates secondary industry’s promotion on gross

24、 cement consumption．</p><p>　　1.4 Construction industry investment and gross cement consumption volume</p><p>　　Construction industry is the main market for cement consumption．</p><p&

25、gt;　　Gross cement consumption volume increases together with the increase of gross construction industry product， or the increase of construction industry investment．</p><p>　　1.5 The relations between real

26、estate industry investment and gross cement consumption</p><p>　　Real estate industry is a new industry that has risen suddenly in recent years and appears a powerful development trend． In the first two year

27、s of the tenth“ five- year plan” period，the average increase rate of real estate investment reached 24.6％．The real estate investment nearly four timed that of the ninth“ five—year plan” period and increased by 6.4％ ．In t

28、he year 2002．real estate investment reached 773．6 billion Yuan．which increased by 84.2％ compared to the yearly investment of 382 billion Y</p><p>　　The data indicate that real estate investment and cement co

29、nsumption increase volume are closely linked to each other． In recent years， the increase of real estate investment has been one of the main drives of the increase of gross cement consumption volume．</p><p>

30、　　1.6 As a investment product, cement especially is closely linked to the income of citizens in a well-of society．</p><p>　　Cement consumption index is closely linked to the citizen income increase．Especiall

31、y， the index changes with the changes of citizen consume structure．That is，the larger the housing investment proportion of the citizen income，the more citizen income index impacts cement consumption．The relations between

32、 the increases of gross cement consumption volume and of citizen income index reflect a good market allocation of cement resources．</p><p>　　The data in the above figure and tables indicate as follows：</p

33、><p>　　(1)What mainly impact the gross cement consumption volume is the development speed of whole society fixed asset investment， construction industry investment and gross real estate industry investment volu

34、me，which is the comprehensive reflection of market allocation of cement resources．In recent years，the rapid development of cement productivity is the natural result of rapid increase of whole society fixed asset investme

35、nt volume，especially the result great increase of basic establishment， second</p><p>　　(2)The increase of gross cement consumption volume has close relations with people， especially citizen income index incr

36、ease． The increase of citizen income drives the gross consumption of cement．</p><p>　　(3)According to the analysis of the change regulation of investment，consumption and gross cement consumption in the lates

37、t twelve years economy development， the temporary cement capacity development speed keeps a coordinate relationship with this country’s economy development speed an d gross market demand for cement． Especially，there has

38、not been any non—coordination in its relations with fixed asset investment， construction industry，real estate investment increase margin and the development sp</p><p>　　思考當(dāng)前水泥工業(yè)發(fā)展據(jù)分析，水泥能力以及它與宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行指數(shù)，主要原因是目

39、前快速發(fā)展的水泥能力的迅速發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)和上升的全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資。按照目前的速度，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，水泥仍然享有一個(gè)潛在的增長(zhǎng)，因此在這里，過(guò)多的水泥工業(yè)沒(méi)有得到全面普及。防止低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)的最佳途徑是最大程度地發(fā)展新型干法水泥以及努力擺脫這方面的黑暗。</p><p>　　在第九個(gè)“五年計(jì)劃”期間，我國(guó)水泥產(chǎn)量從1995年的47561.00萬(wàn)噸至2000年的59700.00萬(wàn)頓，以平均每年增加2500萬(wàn)噸的速度，每年增長(zhǎng)

40、4.5 ％ 。在第十個(gè)“五年計(jì)劃”期間，政府繼續(xù)采取政策，促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)需求，保持國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速健康發(fā)展，水泥產(chǎn)量迅速增加。2001年，全國(guó)水泥產(chǎn)量達(dá)到66104.00萬(wàn)噸，與2000年相比增加率為10.7 ％。2002年，達(dá)到7.25億噸，凈增量64萬(wàn)噸，和2001年相比增長(zhǎng)速度為9.2 ％。從今年1月至7月，水泥生產(chǎn)保持了強(qiáng)勁的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)，與去年同期相比增加了15.6 ％。水泥行業(yè)是在一個(gè)正常的增長(zhǎng)速度？是水泥工業(yè)發(fā)展的受歡迎？這些已經(jīng)成

41、為所有方面關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。</p><p>　　1.市場(chǎng)需求的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是水泥能力的合理增長(zhǎng)速度</p><p>　　水泥的性質(zhì)決定其持續(xù)時(shí)間通常為3個(gè)月。因此，水泥消費(fèi)量和產(chǎn)量有很好的根據(jù)是小進(jìn)口。近年來(lái)，水泥生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售率保持在94％-97％。作為一個(gè)投資產(chǎn)品，水泥的主要消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)在工業(yè)、建筑工業(yè)、住房、道路建設(shè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和一些建筑材料，如水泥產(chǎn)品。作為一個(gè)投資產(chǎn)品，水泥的主要消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)在

42、工業(yè)，建筑工業(yè)，住房，道路建設(shè)，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和一些建筑材料，如水泥產(chǎn)物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)決定是否是水泥工業(yè)發(fā)展的受歡迎程度，看是否發(fā)展其能力滿(mǎn)足其消費(fèi)或者換句話(huà)說(shuō)，滿(mǎn)足市場(chǎng)需求。歷史數(shù)據(jù)表明，增長(zhǎng)速度和結(jié)構(gòu)，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資和人民的生活條件決定的發(fā)展速度，許多行業(yè)，如建筑業(yè)和房地產(chǎn)業(yè)。陳氏水電站的水泥消費(fèi)有密切的關(guān)系改變這些因素。1.1水泥消費(fèi)量和國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增加失明在最近幾年的發(fā)展，我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)已進(jìn)入快速增長(zhǎng)時(shí)期，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)

43、總值有著明顯加快.在此期間，我國(guó)水泥消費(fèi)享有周期波動(dòng)。水泥消費(fèi)量增加和減少的有一定程度的迅速增加和減少的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值。但明顯帶有延遲. 然而，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值變化穩(wěn)步增加，增長(zhǎng)率約為10 ％ ，水泥消費(fèi)的變化沒(méi)有明顯關(guān)系的變化，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的增長(zhǎng)速度。變化水泥消費(fèi)不僅涉及國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)表明，水泥消費(fèi)量增加主要是由于硬盤(pán)固定資產(chǎn)投資。增加水泥消費(fèi)和固定資產(chǎn)投資有著密切的關(guān)系。也就是說(shuō)，水泥消費(fèi)

44、量增加有一定的根據(jù)是增加固定資產(chǎn)投資和增加利潤(rùn)受市場(chǎng)。1.3水泥消費(fèi)量和發(fā)展速度，第二產(chǎn)業(yè)在結(jié)構(gòu)分析固定資產(chǎn)投資，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（包括工業(yè)，建筑工業(yè)，水泥制品等）是主要內(nèi)容的固定資產(chǎn)投資和主要力量的水泥消費(fèi)。</p><p>　　增加水泥消費(fèi)量的明顯變化，充分表明第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的促進(jìn)水泥消費(fèi)總值。1.4建筑行業(yè)的投資和消費(fèi)量總值水泥建筑業(yè)的主要市場(chǎng)水泥消費(fèi).清單的變化，建筑行業(yè)的投資增加，水泥消費(fèi)量增加

45、?？傁M(fèi)量的增加水泥一起增加總值的建造業(yè)的產(chǎn)品，或增加了建筑行業(yè)的投資。1.5之間的關(guān)系房地產(chǎn)業(yè)投資和消費(fèi)總值水泥房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)是一個(gè)新的行業(yè)已上升突然近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)大的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。在頭兩年內(nèi)，第十屆“五年計(jì)劃”期間，平均增長(zhǎng)速度的房地產(chǎn)投資達(dá)到24.6 ％ 。在房地產(chǎn)投資近四年時(shí)間，在第九屆“五年計(jì)劃”期間增加了6.4 ％ 。去年2002，實(shí)際房地產(chǎn)投資達(dá)到7736.00億元. 增加了84.2 ％相比，每年投資382億元，第九屆“五年

46、計(jì)劃”時(shí)期。房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)投資的大力推動(dòng)增加總值的水泥消費(fèi)量。數(shù)據(jù)表明，房地產(chǎn)投資，水泥消費(fèi)量增加有密切的相互關(guān)聯(lián)。近年來(lái)，增加了房地產(chǎn)投資一直是主要的驅(qū)動(dòng)器增加總值的水泥消費(fèi)量。1.6作為一個(gè)投資產(chǎn)品，水泥尤其是密切相關(guān)的收入的公民，在一個(gè)很好的社會(huì)。水泥消費(fèi)指數(shù)與公民收入增加是密切相關(guān)的。特別是，該指數(shù)的變化，市民消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)。也就是說(shuō)，大的住房投資比例的公民的收入，更多的公民收入指</p><p>　　上述數(shù)字

47、和數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明如下：（ 1 ）什么影響主要水泥消費(fèi)量的發(fā)展速度的全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資，建筑業(yè)投資和房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)總投資額，這是全面反映了市場(chǎng)配置水泥資源. 近年來(lái)，快速發(fā)展的水泥生產(chǎn)力的自然結(jié)果迅速增加，全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資額，尤其是大量增加的結(jié)果基本建立，第二產(chǎn)業(yè)，建筑業(yè)和房地產(chǎn)業(yè)。（ 2 ）增加總值的水泥消費(fèi)量有著密切關(guān)系的人，特別是公民的收入指數(shù)增加。增加公民收入驅(qū)動(dòng)器的總消費(fèi)量的水泥。（ 3 ）根據(jù)分析變化規(guī)律的投資，消費(fèi)和水泥消費(fèi)總

48、值的最新十二年經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的情況下，臨時(shí)水泥能力的發(fā)展速度保持了協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系，臨時(shí)水泥能力的發(fā)展速度保持了協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系，這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度和總市場(chǎng)的水泥需求。特別是，沒(méi)有任何非協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系，固定資產(chǎn)投資，建筑業(yè)，房地產(chǎn)投資增長(zhǎng)幅度和發(fā)展速度的二次工業(yè)革命. 提高水泥生產(chǎn)的速度是正常的。這在短期內(nèi)就不可能有一個(gè)小水泥能力之間波動(dòng)和價(jià)格是正常的。這是反映了市場(chǎng)配置資源，其最終結(jié)果是調(diào)整水泥能力和價(jià)格的要求，更好的市場(chǎng)。</p><p

49、>　　2 The Analysis of Current Cement Industry</p><p>　　2.1 Uprising overall situation of current cement industry</p><p>　　Current cement industry realizes co-increase of production and benefit

50、，and has entered its uprising track．Since its reversing from lose to benefit，the enterprises’ benefit has been rebounding．Cement enterprises gained</p><p>　　500 million Yuan in 2000； 3.05 billion Yuan in 200

51、l：4.65 billion Yuan in 2002． In cement market．Cement enterprises keep high production—sales rate：99.4％ in 2001，101％ in 2002．It is also delighted that large sized enterprises has realized profit of 2.79 billion Yuan，cover

52、ing 91％ of the overall sector’s profit in 2001，and their profit reached 3.84 billion Yuan．covering 82.6％ of the total profit of this sector.</p><p>　　Those statistics show that current cement market realizes

53、 its function of assigning cement resources in accordance to the supply—demand development，and keeps the stability of cement market price．Since 1993 cement price has been fluctuating，but overall cement industry has reali

54、zed its reverse from lose to benefit， production—sales rate has kept over 98％ ,and the whole sector maintains robust growth．The main reason of this situation is that the cost reduction brought about by the technology gro

55、wth</p><p>　　2.2 The improved technology of new dry process cement equipment optimizes the cement sector’s structure</p><p>　　Since China enters its Fifth—Ten Year Project phase，new dry process

56、cement technology has sped up，and the cement industry structure has optimized． New dry process cement production covers 10％ to 15％ of the total cement production． It is even more delighted that new dry process cement equ

57、ipment and craftsmanship have improved．Also， it has basically realized that large—sized equipment can be produced in China， which proves the competitiveness of China’s cement industry．Production investment of per</p&g

58、t;<p>　　The development of new dry process cement is favored by government support， market demand，diversified investment，and enterprise independence．</p><p>　　2．3 Competitive shaft kiln enterprises be

59、gin to</p><p>　　transform into new dry process</p><p>　　Currently，a large scale of enterprises of shaft kiln enterprise has transformed to develop new dry process．In 2002，51 production lines hav

60、e been taken into operation in China，among which 27 are transformed from shaft kiln enterprises．It’s prove that cement industry’s limitation and restructure embraced market principle．</p><p>　　2．4 The averag

61、e production scale of cement enterprises is enlarged．</p><p>　　The total sum of domestic cement enterprises has reduced from more than 8000 to 4700 plus．</p><p>　　The average production scale of

62、 cement industry has reached to 200 thousand tons from 60 thousand tons．Meanwhile，the number of large—sized enterprises in China has been increased．The total production of 9 cement groups supported by the National Tenth-

63、Five Year</p><p>　　Project was 32.6 million tons．covering 4.7％ of national total production．In 2002，the total annual production of those 9 cement groups exceeded 62 million， covering 7.5％ of the total domest

64、ic production capacity and 50％ of national new dry process production capacity．</p><p>　　All in all，China’s cement industry enjoys healthy development，and the development of new dry process cement is brought

65、 about by the restructure of cement industry，and market—driven investment． No sign of overheated competition exists in China．</p><p>　　3 The Trend and Risk of Cement Industry</p><p>　　3．1 The de

66、velopment space Of China cement industry</p><p>　　The report of 16th Session of China’s Communist Party pointed out that China will keep 7％ GDP growth by 2020． Currently，investment is the main factor of econ

67、omic growth an d cement increase． It is concluded，by 2005， domestic cement consumption volume will keep steady growth．</p><p>　　Experts predict that if fixed asset investment maintains 10％～12％ growth in the

68、last three years of the Tenth-Five Year Program Period， domestic cement consumption will increase 30～46 million tons， annual increase speed will keep 4．2％～6.3％ ，as well，domestic consumption is expected to increase 53～69

69、million tons with annual increase of 7.2％～9％ ．</p><p>　　3.2 New dry process cement is the most effective method to solve the problem of restructuring the cement industry</p><p>　　Current cement

70、production capacity develops harmoniously with the total demand of consumption market． With the development of China’s economic development， cement sector has great potentia1．This means that shaft kiln，the backward proce

71、ssing method，still has certain market space．That’s why shaft kiln keeps its annual 30 million tons production．</p><p>　　New dry process cement is characterized by its matured technology， spared investment，lo

72、wer cost，less energy—consumption， higher quality and benefits and so on． So to say， new dry process cement has great developing capacity．</p><p>　　So to conclude，the best way to satisfy market demand，adjust

73、sector structure and develop China’s cement industry is to seize the opportunity of supporting the development of new process cement． It will not cause overheated investment，but will curb the backward technology， speed u

74、p the adjustment of cement sector， as well as reduce energy consumption an d improve environment protection． Otherwise，China will lose the opportunity in the new cycle of cement industry’s restructure．</p><p&g

75、t;　　3.3 The Risk Analysis of New Dry Process Cement</p><p>　　(1)Investment risk</p><p>　　Here follows investment source analysis of the 51 lines of new dry process cement in Q002．a(chǎn)nd 132 lines o

76、f new dry process established and to be established．</p><p>　　An amount of 9.22 billion Yuan was invested in building 51 production lines in 2002，which were capable of producing 35.9 million tons of cement．T

77、he project is competitive，considering its low level of investment marked by 255 Yuan per ton．</p><p>　　An analysis of the capital source shows that among the expenses of the projects completed，43.23％ (3.98 b

78、illion Yuan)was from bank loans，36.23％(3.39 billion Yuan)from capital raised by the enterprises and 15.4％ (1420 million Yuan)from overseas investment．Funds other than bank loans constitute 56.77％ 0f the total, among whic

79、h 53％ (27 programs)of the total programs were from private and foreign enterprises． Funds raised by enterprises are the main component of the construction capital，as shown in t</p><p>　　To sum up，considering

80、 the financial risks borne by the state，to develop the new dry process cement is not quite a venture．</p><p>　　(2)Resources risk</p><p>　　China is abundant in limestone deposits．The limestone re

81、serves as a whole can meet the needs of the current production and future development of our country．But the situation of some cement projects under construction shows that certain enterprises are blind in their construc

82、tion．Some enterprises started programs recklessly despite the fact that there is little limestone deposits around．Little importance was attached to mine resources by some shaft kiln enterprises which planned to build lar

83、ge-s</p><p>　　(3)Environment risk</p><p>　　Impact on the environment must be attached great importance to in the planning of new dry process cement projects．Environment will be polluted and scen

84、ery will be damaged if cement factories are built near famous scenic spots and big cities．Severe economic loss will be caused if large—scale cement projects are terminated or moved．Some cement projects funded by private

85、enterprises were built without strict examination and approval， resulting in the fact that some factories were built near famous </p><p>　　To conclude， blind exploitation and construction is the major proble

86、m in the current development of China’s cement industry， which is proved by the fact that some local governments and enterprises started programs(some were very backward)blindly without consideration of the conditions of

87、 the market， technique， resources， capital，production scale， environment and their own competitive ability．Once market demand varies．these enterprises will face the problem of difficult operation because of the i</p&g

88、t;<p>　　4 Essentials of Current Macroeconomic Control</p><p>　　4.1 Strengthen the guide of the industrial policy</p><p>　　Industrial an d social investment to the cement industry must be

89、guided appropriately with efforts paid to accelerate the establishing an d publicizing of the trade program， through revising and improving conditions of market access and technical standard and timely publicizing of the

90、 investment information</p><p>　　4．2 Accelerate the development of new dry process cement</p><p>　　Development of the new dry process cement must be accelerated． Any construction program that co

91、mplies with the state industrial policy an d requirement of the economic scale should be encouraged ,provided it is adequate in resources ,qualified in environmental protection requirement ,with confined investor ,guaran

92、teed capital and the conditions to the build factory satisfied .examination and approval procedure of the project must be simplified and filed in document .for the project financed by t</p><p>　　2現(xiàn)行水泥工業(yè)的分析&l

93、t;/p><p>　　2.1當(dāng)前水泥工業(yè)的全面發(fā)展局勢(shì)</p><p>　　當(dāng)前水泥工業(yè)共同實(shí)現(xiàn)并提高生產(chǎn)和效益，并已進(jìn)入了起義的軌道。自從它的變化由失去到受益，企業(yè)的效益已反彈。在2000年，水泥企業(yè)獲得5億元；2001年是30.5億元；2002年是46.5億元。在水泥市場(chǎng).水泥企業(yè)保持較高的生產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)售率：在2001為99.4 ％，2002年達(dá)到101 ％。另外值得高興的是，大型企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)2

94、.79億元，在2001年覆蓋總體部門(mén)的利潤(rùn)的91％，其利潤(rùn)達(dá)到38.4億元，覆蓋了這一部門(mén)總利潤(rùn)的82.6 ％。</p><p>　　這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明，目前的水泥市場(chǎng)要實(shí)現(xiàn)其職能，分配水泥資源應(yīng)按照供需發(fā)展，保持水泥市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的穩(wěn)定。自1993年以來(lái)，水泥價(jià)格一直起伏不定，但總體水泥工業(yè)已實(shí)現(xiàn)了從失去到受益的扭轉(zhuǎn)，生產(chǎn)、銷(xiāo)售率一直保持在98 ％以上，整個(gè)行業(yè)保持強(qiáng)勁的增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭。這種情況的主要的原因是，降低成本所帶來(lái)

95、的技術(shù)發(fā)展，例如，新型干法水泥的單位生產(chǎn)成本已減少了50 ％ 。</p><p>　　2.2技術(shù)改進(jìn)的新型干法水泥設(shè)備，優(yōu)化了水泥行業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p>　　由于我國(guó)進(jìn)入了第五個(gè)年度項(xiàng)目階段，新型干法水泥技術(shù)已經(jīng)加快，水泥行業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)得到優(yōu)化。新型干法水泥生產(chǎn)覆蓋了水泥生產(chǎn)總量的10％至15％。更值得高興的是，新型干法水泥設(shè)備和工藝已經(jīng)得到了改進(jìn)。此外，人們已經(jīng)基本認(rèn)識(shí)到，大型設(shè)備在

96、我國(guó)就可以生產(chǎn)，這證明我國(guó)水泥工業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。生產(chǎn)投資每噸熟料已從800-1200元減至200-300元，這便于維持企業(yè)能力與立窯投資。熟料的成本在很多大型企業(yè)可低于立窯水泥。</p><p>　　發(fā)展新型干法水泥是深受政府支持、市場(chǎng)需求、多元化的投資，也可體現(xiàn)企業(yè)的獨(dú)立性。</p><p>　　2.3競(jìng)爭(zhēng)立窯企業(yè)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)化成新的干法</p><p>　　目前，大型企業(yè)

97、的機(jī)立窯企業(yè)改造版已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)新的干燥過(guò)程。在2002年，51個(gè)生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)已經(jīng)實(shí)行到行動(dòng)中，其中27個(gè)是機(jī)立窯企業(yè)。這證明，水泥工業(yè)的限制和調(diào)整擁抱市場(chǎng)的原則。</p><p>　　2.4水泥企業(yè)的平均生產(chǎn)規(guī)模正在擴(kuò)大</p><p>　　國(guó)內(nèi)水泥企業(yè)總和已從8000多減少到4700家。水泥行業(yè)的平均生產(chǎn)規(guī)模已經(jīng)從60萬(wàn)噸達(dá)到200萬(wàn)噸。與此同時(shí)，一些大型企業(yè)的在華生產(chǎn)總量已經(jīng)增加，有9家水泥集團(tuán)

98、的生產(chǎn)總量得到《國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)“十五”計(jì)劃》的支持。</p><p>　　項(xiàng)目在3260萬(wàn)噸，占全國(guó)生產(chǎn)總量的4.7 ％。2002年，這些水泥集團(tuán)每年的總生產(chǎn)超過(guò)6200萬(wàn)美元，包括7.5 ％的國(guó)內(nèi)總生產(chǎn)能力和50 ％的國(guó)家新型干法生產(chǎn)能力?？傊覈?guó)水泥工業(yè)得到健康發(fā)展，發(fā)展新型干法水泥所帶來(lái)的水泥工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，并以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向的投資?？墒菦](méi)有跡象表明在國(guó)內(nèi)存在著過(guò)熱的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。</p><p>