計算機外文翻譯---論壇和個人網(wǎng)站在學術(shù)信息中的作用和影響

1、<p>　　譯文一：論壇和個人網(wǎng)站在學術(shù)信息中的作用和影響</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　隨著計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)成為最重要的信息傳播媒體，電子公告牌系統(tǒng)（BBS）和個人網(wǎng)站在學術(shù)信息中扮演越來越重要的角色。本文論述了當前在中國學術(shù)論壇和個人網(wǎng)站的狀態(tài)。分析他們的在學術(shù)信息共享和傳播中的優(yōu)勢和劣勢。在這個國家中論壇和個人網(wǎng)站在學

2、術(shù)信息交流越來越流行。</p><p><b>　　關(guān)鍵詞</b></p><p>　　學術(shù)信息交流，論壇，個人網(wǎng)站，信息共享。</p><p><b>　　1.介紹</b></p><p>　　隨著科學技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，學術(shù)信息的信息量成指數(shù)增長，因此需要利用科學領(lǐng)域中的各種渠道來傳播[1]。如何適

3、當和準確的從各種資源中獲取信息已經(jīng)成為研究人員的一項重要任務(wù)。每年有數(shù)以百萬計的學術(shù)交流信息資源在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上涌現(xiàn)，其中大量都出現(xiàn)在公告牌系統(tǒng)（BBS）和個人網(wǎng)站。特別是世界著名大學，學院的BBS和著名科學家和學者的個人網(wǎng)站已經(jīng)吸引了大量的游客，從而在學術(shù)信息交流中發(fā)揮了重要作用。</p><p>　　在過去的幾十年，中國在全球?qū)W術(shù)信息交流中已經(jīng)成為一個關(guān)鍵的成員，越來越多的世界領(lǐng)先的學術(shù)會議，研究會個其他的事件發(fā)生

4、并將繼續(xù)發(fā)生在中國。然而，大多數(shù)正式發(fā)布的信息具有局限性，例如時事通訊，廣播郵件和個人信息，因此信息共享的范圍和效果并不是令人滿意的。近年來，論壇和個人網(wǎng)站在信息交流中已經(jīng)發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用，導(dǎo)致中國整個學術(shù)交流環(huán)境的變化。</p><p>　　在本文中，我們討論當前在中國的論壇和個人網(wǎng)站。分析他們在學術(shù)信息共享和傳播中的優(yōu)勢和劣勢，并提供一個使用兩種方法的集中視圖。我們還提供一個研究生物學信息資源的案例，說明

5、論壇和個人網(wǎng)站在學術(shù)信息傳播中的影響。</p><p>　　2.BBS完整的學術(shù)信息交換</p><p>　　論壇是網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的一種電子信息服務(wù)系統(tǒng)[2]。在上個世紀過去的二十年中這是一個廣泛應(yīng)用與美國的信息共享工具[3]。在1995年網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇首次引入中國，隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的快速發(fā)展已經(jīng)越來越受歡迎。一般來說，在中國，大多數(shù)的學術(shù)論壇是由大學和學院以及社會中技術(shù)人員建立的。</p>&l

6、t;p>　　A.論壇由大學和學院主辦</p><p>　　在中國訪問論壇最頻繁的人員主要是研究人員和重點大學以及學院的學者組成，在大多數(shù)情況下，訪問量由老師和學生來維持。在綜合性的大學，論壇提供學術(shù)信息經(jīng)常涵蓋許多領(lǐng)域。最著名的包括：</p><p>　　清華大學的BBS(bbs.tsinghua.edu.cn)，它提供了一個廣泛的科學與工程領(lǐng)域的學術(shù)信息包括土木工程，天文學，化學，

7、數(shù)學，力學，醫(yī)學，生命科學，管理科學等。它的學術(shù)程序包括超過六十個區(qū)域，每年發(fā)布和傳輸成千上百的信息資源。最受歡迎的資源包括偉大的科學發(fā)現(xiàn)，高質(zhì)量的論文，要求論文（CFP）的學術(shù)會議和期刊和專家評審。</p><p>　　北京大學的BBS (www.bjubbs.cn)，它提供了學術(shù)信息包括政治，哲學，心里學，經(jīng)濟等。</p><p>　　南京大學LILY BBS(bbs.nju.edu.

8、cn)，它提供的學術(shù)信息包括大氣科學，計算流體，化學，電子等。</p><p>　　北京師范大學BNULIFE BBS(bbs.nju.edu.cn)，其學術(shù)項目主要涵蓋自然科學和社會科學。</p><p>　　另一方面，特殊院校的BBS提供的學術(shù)信息通常集中在一個或幾個特殊領(lǐng)域，如：</p><p>　　中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學WUSETU BBS(wusetu.cn)，它提

9、供的學術(shù)信息在農(nóng)業(yè)及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域包括醫(yī)藥學，生態(tài)學，流行病學等。</p><p>　　北京郵電大學(forum.byr.edu.cn),它提供的學術(shù)信息在通信和計算機科學的許多領(lǐng)域。</p><p>　　論壇的主要訪客主要是他們大學和學院的讀者，因為有相當數(shù)量的教師和學生經(jīng)常在BBS上進行訪問和討論，一些老師和學生甚至把BBS作為他們工作和研究不可或缺的一部分[4]。然而，大多數(shù)學術(shù)信息資源沒

10、有很好的組織，總是從各種類型的信息資源找到感興趣的信息資源。此外，一些論壇也需要訪客注冊訪問他們的內(nèi)容。</p><p><b>　　B.社會技術(shù)論壇</b></p><p>　　近年來，許多由社會技術(shù)組成的學術(shù)論壇在中國特別流行，并成為利益集團，通常專注于一個或多個特定的域。一下介紹了一些重要的和最受歡迎的學術(shù)論壇：</p><p>　　BI

11、OON(bbs.bioon.com)，它提供了在生物學方面幾乎所有的學術(shù)信息，包括微生物學，分子生物學，蛋白質(zhì)組學，生態(tài)學，免疫學，病理學，古生物學等。許多著名的教授，醫(yī)生，博士和碩士的學生現(xiàn)在使用BIOON作為一種重要的工具以便于他們的研究所需</p><p>　　BBIOO (bbs.bbioo.com)，是另一個受歡迎的關(guān)于生物學學術(shù)信息交流的論壇。它提供了具體的主題，例如，實驗技術(shù)，前沿和熱點問題，學術(shù)會

12、議和研討會和跨學科生物學科學。</p><p>　　化學和化學工程論壇(www.ccebbs.com),它提供的學術(shù)信息主要是化學科學與工程。</p><p>　　Cenet (bbs.cenet.org.cn),它提供了學術(shù)信息主要是在商業(yè)，經(jīng)濟，金融和其他相關(guān)領(lǐng)域。</p><p>　　MSE論壇(bbs.matsim.com.cn),它提供的學術(shù)信息主要是材料

13、科學的相關(guān)領(lǐng)域。</p><p>　　除此之外，還有一些論壇關(guān)注特定方面的學術(shù)信息交流。例如，BBS YX (bbs.matwav.com)提供大量關(guān)于CFP的信息，說明論文的寫作，提交和發(fā)布。(www.ziwu.org/bbs/ ZW BBS)提供了一個免費的文檔資源共享的平臺。</p><p>　　BBS的優(yōu)勢主要是他們可以在一個特定的域很容易的找到他們感興趣的信息或獲得問題的解決方法

14、。一些有國際背景的論壇，他們的論壇可以提供國內(nèi)外的學術(shù)信息。然而，一些論壇沒有穩(wěn)定的財政支持，因此可能無法不斷的提供高質(zhì)量的論壇服務(wù)。此外，一些非政府組織的論壇也可能遇到法律的問題，如版權(quán)保護盒學術(shù)道德。</p><p>　　3.通過個人網(wǎng)站的學術(shù)信息交流</p><p>　　世界上有許多著名的科學家都有自己的個人網(wǎng)站，吸引大量相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究人員?，F(xiàn)在，在中國，越來越多的科學家和學者也用個

15、人網(wǎng)站作為重要的展覽，交流與合作的平臺，并為游客提供大量有趣和有用的學術(shù)信息。這些網(wǎng)站的所有者可以分為以下部分：</p><p>　　高校教師，包括著名的教授和青年教師。一般來說，網(wǎng)站中的著名的教授對一些研究人員來說再他們那個廣泛的領(lǐng)域中是最受歡迎的。</p><p>　　社會，委員會成員以及其他按新聞/期刊/會議的工作人員。他們的個人網(wǎng)站專注于有關(guān)出版物和事件的學術(shù)信息。例如網(wǎng)站(www

16、.utdallas.edu/~dxd056000)，所有者是一名雜志主編，和同事用一些期刊組合優(yōu)化，列出了大多數(shù)期刊和會議的最新的信息。</p><p>　　其他研究機構(gòu)和公司的人員。他們的個人網(wǎng)站主要關(guān)注他們的研究項目的相關(guān)信息。例如許多微軟的員工，在他們自己的個人網(wǎng)站上提供大量的技術(shù)信息。</p><p>　　這些個人網(wǎng)站大多是靈活和樂于助人的，他們的學術(shù)信息資源通常是集中和頻繁更新的

17、，這是對研究人員和其他類型的游客的特殊利益是很有吸引力的。盡管信息的數(shù)量可能是很有限的，很多個人網(wǎng)站有相同或相近的，他們往往是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的，從而補償缺乏的信息。近年來，越來越多的個人網(wǎng)站流行在同一領(lǐng)域中，被許多研究者和游客所熟悉。然而，科學家和研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)知名的個人網(wǎng)站主要集中在計算機科學，信息技術(shù)及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域，雖然有其他傳統(tǒng)學科也有許多研究，如化學和材料科學，但是仍然難以有效的構(gòu)建成一個高質(zhì)量的個人網(wǎng)站[5]。此外，不嚴密和不穩(wěn)定也

18、成為了個人網(wǎng)站的主要缺陷。</p><p>　　4.案例研究：生物信息學和生氣計算會議信息</p><p>　　最近生物信息學和生物計算已經(jīng)成為最熱門的研究領(lǐng)域之一。很多擴領(lǐng)域的計算機科學和生物學[6]的重要會議和專題討論舉行，并將繼續(xù)在中國舉行。我們選擇八個知名的會議如表1所示，計算基于包括谷歌和雅虎的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索引擎項目的CFP資源，并分析其對BBS、個人網(wǎng)站的分布情況。如圖1所示，從B

19、BS和個人網(wǎng)站中顯示的CFP資源分別是19.9%和6.1%，這表明他們現(xiàn)在在信息資源傳輸中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。</p><p><b>　　5.結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)、BBS和個人網(wǎng)站技術(shù)的發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)在在中國有大量的學術(shù)論壇和個人網(wǎng)站，在學術(shù)信息的交流合作中扮演者越來越重要的角色。本文分析了BBS和個人網(wǎng)站的優(yōu)點和缺點，并用一個案例研究來說明他們

20、的作用。我們將繼續(xù)關(guān)注在中國的學術(shù)信息交流及發(fā)展變化，并定期統(tǒng)計報告和研究，呈現(xiàn)出他們的影響，當前的狀態(tài)和未來的發(fā)展趨勢。</p><p><b>　　引用</b></p><p>　　[1] 學術(shù)交流在中國的發(fā)展和發(fā)展趨勢, 卷. 33, 頁. 195-219, 2006.</p><p>　　[2] ]h . Bidgoli(主編)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)百

21、科全書,約翰?威利父子公司出版,紐約,2003年。</p><p>　　[3]j . c和c·r·麥克盧爾Bertot”評估美國政府公告板:問題、政策問題和建議,“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究:電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序和政策.卷4、pp，45 - 63。</p><p>　　[4]丹麗和王榮韓,“信息通過學術(shù)論壇:一個內(nèi)容分析,“中國圖書館事業(yè):國際電子期刊,第18卷,2004。</p&g

22、t;<p>　　[5]“學術(shù)交流研究實踐-研究計算機科學教師,“國際圖書館審查,56期,頁239 - 251。</p><p>　　[6]r·史蒂文斯,c·p·貝克,Goble,”一個在生物信息學分類的任務(wù)、“生物信息學,第17卷,pp.180 - 188。</p><p>　　原文一：Roles and Effects of BBS and P

23、ersonal Websites in Academic Information</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　With the advent of the computer networks, Internet becomes the most important information communication med

24、ia, and electronic bulletin board systems (BBS) and personal websites play more and more important roles in academic information exchanges. The paper discusses the current state of academic BBS and personal websites in

25、 China, analyses their advantages and disadvantages in academic information sharing and spreading, and concludes that BBS and personal websites are increasing popular in aca</p><p><b>　　Keywords</b&

26、gt;</p><p>　　Academic information exchange, BBS, personal websites, information sharing.</p><p>　　1.INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　With the rapid development of science and technology, the a

27、cademic exchange information has increased in exponential way and needs to be utilized in various subject fields via various channels [1]. To select appropriate and accurate information from a variety of resources has

28、 become an important task for researchers. Every year there are millions of academic exchange information resources springing up on the internet, among which a great amount has been spread through bulletin board system

29、s</p><p>　　Over the last decades China has become one of the key players in global academic information exchanges, and more and more world-leading academic conferences, symposiums and other events have oc

30、curred and will continue to occur in China. However, most officially published information has been spread through limited means such as newsletters, broadcast emails, and personal communications, and thus the scope a

31、nd effect of information sharing are not satisfactory. In recent years, BBS and per</p><p>　　In this paper we discuss the current state of academic BBS and personal websites in China, analyze their advanta

32、ges and disadvantages in academic information sharing and spreading, and provide a focused view of the collective use of two means. We also present a case study of information resources of bioinformatics conferences to

33、illustrate the roles and effects of BBS and personal websites in academic information spreading.</p><p>　　2.ACADEMIC INFORMATION EXCHANGE THROUGH OF BBS</p><p>　　BBS is a computer system used as

34、 information centers [2]. It was an information sharing tool widely used in America during the last twenty years of the last century [3]. Web-based BBS was first introduced to China in 1995, and has become more and more

35、popular along with the rapid development of communication networks. In general, most of the academic BBS in China are sponsored by universities and colleges and other technical societies.</p><p>　　A.BBS spon

36、sored by universities and colleges</p><p>　　BBS visited most frequently by Chinese researchers and scholars are sponsored by key universities and colleges of China, and in most conditions, maintained by teac

37、her and student volunteers. In comprehensive universities, BBS often provide academic information covering a number of domains. The most well-known BBS include:</p><p>　　? BBS SMTH of TSinghua Universi

38、ty (bbs.tsinghua.edu.cn), which provides academic information from a wide range of science &engineering domains including civil engineering, astronomy, chemistry, mathematics, mechanics, medicine, life science, manag

39、ement science, etc. Its academic program contains more than sixty broads, and publishes and transfers hundreds of thousands of information resources every year. The most popular resources include great scientific discove

40、ries, high-quality papers, </p><p>　　? BBS of Beijing University (www.bjubbs.cn), which provides academic information in the domains of politics, philosophy, psychology, economy, etc.</p><p>　　?

41、 BBS LILY of Nanjing University (bbs.nju.edu.cn), which provides academic information in the domains of atmospheric sciences, computational fluid, chemistry, electronics, etc.</p><p>　　? BBS BNULIFE of Beiji

42、ng Normal University (bbs.nju.edu.cn), whose academic program covers topics of natural sciences and social sciences.</p><p>　　On the other hand, BBS of special universities and colleges usually provide acad

43、emic information focusing on one or several special domains, such as:</p><p>　　? BBS WUSETU of China Agriculture University (wusetu.cn), which provides academic information in agriculture and relevant doma

44、ins including medicine science, ecology, epidemiology, etc.</p><p>　　? wForum of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (forum.byr.edu.cn), which provides academic information in a number of

45、 domains of communication and computer sciences.</p><p>　　The main advantage of BBS sponsored by universities and colleges is their wide readership, because a considerable number of teachers and students re

46、gularly visit and discuss on the BBS, and some teachers and students even take BBS as an indispensable part of their work and study [4]. Nevertheless, in most BBS academic information resources are not well organized, an

47、d it is always difficult for a visitor to find information of interest from a variety of kinds of information resources. Moreover, s</p><p>　　B.BBS sponsored by technical societies</p><p>　　In r

48、ecent years, many academic BBS are sponsored by technical societies in China and become particularly popular to interest groups, which typically focus on one or more specific domains. The following presents several im

49、portant and most popular academic BBS:</p><p>　　? BIOON (bbs.bioon.com), which provides academic information in nearly all aspects of biology sciences, including microbiology, molecular biology, pr

50、oteomics, ecology, immunology, pathology, palaeontology, etc. Many famous professors, doctors, PhD and master’s students now use BIOON as an important tool for their research.</p><p>　　? BBIOO (bbs.bbio

51、o.com) is another popular BBS for biology academic information exchanges. It provides specific topics such as experimental techniques, frontiers and hot issues, academic conferences and symposiums, and interdiscipli

52、nary biology sciences.</p><p>　　? Chemistry and chemical engineering BBS (www.ccebbs.com), which provides academic information in chemical science and engineering.</p><p>　　? Cenet (bbs.cene

53、t.org.cn), which provides academic information in business, economy, finance, and other relevant domains.</p><p>　　? BBS MSE (bbs.matsim.com.cn), which provides academic information in material sciences and

54、 relevant domains.</p><p>　　Besides, there are also some BBS focusing on particular aspects of academic information exchanges. For example, BBS YX (bbs.matwav.com) provides a large number of information abou

55、t CFP, instructions of paper writing, submission and publication; BBS ZW (www.ziwu.org/bbs/) provides a free platform for document resources sharing.</p><p>　　The main advantage of BBS sponsored by technical

56、 societies is their specialty, and researches in a specific domain can easily find information of interest or get problem solved. Some societies also have international backgrounds, and their BBS can provide both intern

57、ational and domestic academic information in time. However, some societies do not have stable financial support and hence may be not able to provide high-quality BBS services continually. Furthermore, some BBS sponsored

58、by nongovern</p><p>　　3.ACADEMIC INFORMATION EXCHANGE THROUGH PERSONAL WEBSITES</p><p>　　Many of the world's eminent scientists have their personal websites and attract a lot of researchers

59、in relevant domains. Now in China, more and more scientists and scholars also use personal websites as an important platform for exhibition, communication and cooperation, and provide a great number of interesting and us

60、eful academic information for visitors. Roughly, the owners of these websites can be classified into the following parts:</p><p>　　? Teachers of universities and colleges, including famous professors and yo

61、ung teachers. In general, the websites of famous professors are popular to a wide range of researchers in their domains.</p><p>　　? Editorials committee members, and other staffs of presses/journals/confere

62、nces. Their personal websites focus on academic information relevant to their publications and events. For example, The website (www.utdallas.edu/~dxd056000) of Ding- zhu Du, who is the editor-in-chief of Journal o

63、f Combinatorial Optimization and associates with a dozen other journals, lists most of the journals and conferences and other up-to-date information in the domain of combinatorial computation.</p><p>　　? Oth

64、er researches such as staffs of institutes and companies. Their personal websites mainly focus on information relevant to their research projects. For example, many staffs of Microsoft provide plenty of technical inform

65、ation about software development in their personal websites. </p><p>　　These personal websites are mostly flexible and accommodating, and their academic information resources are typically focused and fre

66、quently updated, which are very attractive and useful for researchers and other kind of visitors of special interests. Although the amount of information may be limited, many personal websites with same or similar intere

67、sts are often cross-linked and thus compensates the lack of information. In recent years more and more personal websites are familiar to lots of re</p><p>　　4.CASE STUDY: BIOINFORMATICS AND BIO-COMPUTING CON

68、FERENCE INFORMATION</p><p>　　Recently bioinformatics and bio-computing has become one of the hottest research areas across disciplines of computer science and biology [6], and a number of important conferen

69、ces and symposiums have been held and will continue to be held in China. We select eight well-known conferences as shown in Table 1, count the items of their CFP resources based on internet search engines including Googl

70、e and Yahoo, and analyse their distribution with respect to BBS, personal websites, and other means. A</p><p>　　5. CONCLUSION </p><p>　　With the advent of the Internet technology, BBS and p

71、ersonal websites are much easier to construct and maintain. Today there are a large number of academic BBS and personal websites in China, which play more and more important roles in academic information exchanges and co

72、operation. The paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of BBS and personal websites, and uses a case study of bioinformatics conferences to illustrate their roles and effects. We will continue to focus on the de

73、velopme</p><p>　　REFERENCES</p><p>　　[1] Jinwei Yan and Zheng Liu, "Development of, and Trends in, Scholarly Communication in China," Computer Supported Cooperative Work, vol. 33, pp.

74、195-219, 2006.</p><p>　　[2] H. Bidgoli (Ed.). The Internet Encyclopaedia, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2003.</p><p>　　[3] J. C. Bertot and C. R. McClure, "Assessing US government bulle

75、tin boards: problems, policy issues and recommendations," Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, vol. 4, pp. 45-63, 1994.</p><p>　　[4] Dan Li and Hanrong Wang, "Informati

76、on via Academic BBS in China: A Contents Analysis," Chinese Librarianship: an International Electronic Journal, vol. 18, 2004.</p><p>　　[5] Yi Shen, "Scholarly Communication in Scientific Research

77、Practice – A Study of Computer Sciences Faculty," International Library Review, vol.56, pp. 239–251, 2006.</p><p>　　[6] R. Stevens, C. Goble, P. Baker, and A. Brass, "A classification of tasks in b