外文翻譯--計算機輔助生產(chǎn)和控制系統(tǒng)

1、<p>　　Computer in Manufacturing</p><p>　　Computer-aided Production and</p><p>　　Control Systems (CAPACS)</p><p>　　Manufacturing technology has been around for many years. Over

2、these years, it has gone through many changes, ranging from the simple to the complex. The driving forces behind the changes were people’s desires to improve basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and recreation. T

3、o meet these desires, methods have been developed from producing simple devices such as weapons for obtaining food to today’s modern manufacturing systems, which use computers to produce such items as televisions and s&l

4、t;/p><p>　　Computers are being given an increasingly important role in manufacturing systems. A computer’s ability to receive and handle large amounts of data, coupled with their fast processing time, makes a s

5、ystem approach indispensable. The use of computers in manufacturing is now coming of age. Computer application in manufacturing production controls the physical process and is typically referred to as computer-aided manu

6、facturing (CAM). It is built on the foundation of such system as NC, AC, robotics</p><p>　　Many interrelated manufacturing activities are grouped together to form a special application system that may be ref

7、erred to as a production and control system (PACS). The grouping of manufacturing activities into PACS varies from one manufacturing environment to another. A PACS is defined as a subsystem in a global manufacturing

8、 environment .It may be a single subsystem, or it may be a complex set of subsystems. An illustration of PACS working in a global manufacturing system is shown in F</p><p>　　Fig.1.1 Interaction of PACS in a

9、Manufacturing System</p><p>　　system can have an effect on the other PACS in the total system , and a systems planning approach must be taken for the following reasons:</p><p>　　● To prevent dup

10、lication of effort </p><p>　　● To enable vital information to pass efficiently through the system</p><p>　　● To allow each PACS to know its relation to the others and how it affects the others &

11、lt;/p><p>　　● To make the whole manufacturing system function more efficiently and productively</p><p>　　Computer are by far the most powerful single approach used in integrating and manipulating t

12、he series of interrelated manufacturing PACS and activities.</p><p>　　They have brought manufacturing technology into the era of “smart” machines. The advances in technical production have brought about a co

13、mputer technology and manufacturing technology that has enhanced manufacturing technology development. This marriage is the basis for computer-aided production and control systems (CAPACS), which are computer-driven CAPA

14、CS. Thus, CAPACS have increased the roles of smart machines in production and control function. The increased roles of smart machines have dema</p><p>　　Typical CAPACS in manufacturing are as follows:</p&

15、gt;<p>　　CAD Computer-aided design</p><p>　　CAIN Computer-aided inspection</p><p>　　CAM Computer-aided manufacturing</p><p>　　CAPP Computer-aided process planning </p&

16、gt;<p>　　CAQC Computer-aided quality control </p><p>　　CIPM Computer-integrated production management </p><p>　　DNC Direct numerical control</p><p>　　GT Group technology&

17、lt;/p><p>　　Fig.1.2 gives an overview of interrelated functions of CAPACS working from an integrated data base system. The design data, generated by the interaction between CAPACS, are a single collection of al

18、l the information that describes the product and related operations. It is the hub of the manufacturing wheel. The CAD system is the principal tool used by engineering in carrying out its responsibility. </p><

19、;p>　　Fig.1.2 Interaction of CAPACS in a manufacturing System</p><p>　　The spokes of the wheel are made from various kinds if CAPACS involved in the activity .Each CAPACS has a communication link to the co

20、ntrolled database so that it will capture the data to form its own distributed database . Values are added the distributed database to meet the needs and requirements of its expected users. The application of CAPACS to t

21、he manufacturing process enables the total system to increase productivity, reduce waste, and produce things it would not otherwise be able to mak</p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p><b>

22、;　　計算機制造</b></p><p>　　1.1計算機輔助生產(chǎn)和控制系統(tǒng)（ CAPACS ）</p><p>　　制造技術已流傳了許多年。這些年來，它經(jīng)歷了許多變化，從簡單到復雜。人們對基本的需求有了很大的變化，如：食物、衣物、住房和娛樂等。為了滿足這些愿望，人們想出了多種方法。從簡單的生產(chǎn)設備，如用武器獲取食物到今天的現(xiàn)代制造系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)使用計算機發(fā)明很多東西，如電視和空

23、間飛行器。</p><p>　　計算機正在成為越來越重要制造系統(tǒng)。一臺電腦的工作能力包括接受和處理大量數(shù)據(jù)能力，再加上快速處理時間，這些是一個制造系統(tǒng)不可缺少的的一部分。在制造業(yè)中電腦的廣泛的應用，現(xiàn)在正逐漸走向成熟。一般情況下把計算機應用在制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)控制和物理過程稱為計算機輔助制造（ CAM ） 。它是建立在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，機器人系統(tǒng)，自動導引車系統(tǒng)（ AGVS ） ，自動存儲/檢索系統(tǒng)（ AS / RS的） ，以

24、及柔性制造系統(tǒng)（ FMS ）的基礎之上。下文中對于一些新的用途進行簡要討論。更多細節(jié)性的討論，在以后的章節(jié)中說明。</p><p>　　許多相互關聯(lián)的生產(chǎn)活動共同組成了一個特殊的應用系統(tǒng)，可稱為生產(chǎn)和控制系統(tǒng)（ PACS系統(tǒng)） 。因一個制造環(huán)境的不同該集團的生產(chǎn)活動納入PACS。PACS系統(tǒng)是全球性的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境子系統(tǒng)的其中一個。這可能是一個單一的子系統(tǒng)，或者它可能是一套復雜的子系統(tǒng)。</p><

25、p>　　圖1.1 PACS系統(tǒng)在制造系統(tǒng)中的相互作用</p><p>　　在圖1.1中說明了在全球制造系統(tǒng)中PACS系統(tǒng)的工作情況。 PACS系統(tǒng)的設計應能滿足其功能要求，但其設計也需滿足其他PACS系統(tǒng)獨立運作。另外， PACS系統(tǒng)也能與其他PACS集成一個總的制造環(huán)境。在整個系統(tǒng)中，每個PACS可以影響到其他PACS。一個系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃方法，必須考慮如下的因素：</p><p>&

26、lt;b>　　●為了避免重復</b></p><p>　　●為了使重要信息有效的通過系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　●為了讓每一個PACS系統(tǒng)，能夠了解其他國家和它是如何影響其他系統(tǒng)的</p><p>　　●使整個生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的功能更有成效</p><p>　　目前計算機是用于集成和操縱的一系列相互關聯(lián)的PACS最強大的單一方法。&l

27、t;/p><p>　　他們帶來的制造技術融入時代的“智能”機器。在生產(chǎn)中先進的技術，帶來了計算機技術和制造技術，并增強了制造技術的發(fā)展。這種結合的基礎是計算機輔助生產(chǎn)和控制系統(tǒng)（ CAPACS ） ，這是計算機驅(qū)動CAPACS 。因而，CAPACS增加了智能機器的生產(chǎn)和控制功能。其設計增加智能機器之間更加親密的交流和互動等功能，如財務會計，生產(chǎn)，人事，市場營銷。為了使正在完善CAPACS生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的概念化，形式化，固定

28、化。</p><p>　　典型CAPACS制造業(yè)如下：</p><p>　　?CAD 計算機輔助設計</p><p>　　?CAIN 計算機輔助檢查</p><p>　　?CAM 計算機輔助制造</p><p>　　?CAPP 計算機輔助工藝規(guī)劃</p><p>　　?CAQC 計算機輔助質(zhì)量

29、控制</p><p>　　?CIPM 計算機集成生產(chǎn)管理</p><p>　　DNC 直接數(shù)字控制</p><p><b>　　?GT 機組技術</b></p><p>　　圖1.2給出了綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)具有相互關聯(lián)的功能CAPACS工作情況。CAPACS設計數(shù)據(jù)之間產(chǎn)生相互作用，它收集的所有資料，說明該產(chǎn)品及相關業(yè)務。

30、這是制造系統(tǒng)的中心。CAD系統(tǒng)作為主要工具在履行其職責。</p><p>　　圖1.2 CAPACS在制造系統(tǒng)相互作用</p><p>　　該輻條車輪是由各種CAPACS參與活動的系統(tǒng)。在控制數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)每個CAPACS的通信鏈接，以便將捕捉到的數(shù)據(jù)形成自己的分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫。增加了分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫的價值以滿足其預期的用戶需要和要求。CAPACS的廣泛應用，使生產(chǎn)過程組成一個整體系統(tǒng)，以提高生產(chǎn)率，

31、減少浪費，并產(chǎn)生了不能夠產(chǎn)生的功能。因此，一種新技術要求提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和降低生產(chǎn)成本，以及在一個競爭的社會需要改進技術，造成了廣泛使用CAPACS 。</p><p><b>　　英文翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　姓名：榮霞</b></p><p><b>　　班級：機制052班</b>&