機(jī)電一體化概述外文翻譯

1、<p>　　英 文 翻 譯 </p><p>　　INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS</p><p>　　1: What Is "Mechatronics"?</p><p>　　"Michatronics" is a term coined by the Japanese t

2、o describe the integration of mechanical</p><p>　　and electronics engineering. The concept may seem to be anything but new ,since we can all</p><p>　　look around us and see a myriad of products

3、that utilize both mechanical and electronic dis- </p><p>　　cipplines. Mechatronics,however ,specifically refers to a multidisciplined ,integrated approach</p><p>　　to product and manufacturing s

4、ystem design .It represents the next generation of machines,</p><p>　　robots ,and smart mechanisms necessary for carrying out work in a variety of environments-</p><p>　　primarily ,factory autom

5、ation ,office automation ,and home automation as show in Figure 1.</p><p>　　By both implication and application ,mechatronics represents a new level of integration </p><p>　　for advanced manufac

6、turing technology and processes .The intent is to force a multidisciplinary </p><p>　　approach to these syetems as well as to reemphasize the role of process understanding and </p><p>　　control

7、.This mechatronic approach is currently speeding up the already-rapid Japanese process</p><p>　　for trasforming ideas into products .</p><p>　　Currently ,mechatronics describes the Japanese prac

8、tice of useing fully intefrated teams </p><p>　　of product designers ,manufactring, purchasing, and marketing personnel acting in concert with</p><p>　　each other to design both the product and

9、the manufacturing syestem.</p><p>　　The Japanese recognized that the future in producdtion innovation would belong to those who </p><p>　　learned how to optimize the marriage beween eletronic a

10、nd mechanical systems.They realized,in</p><p>　　particular ,that the need for this optimizatong would be most intense in application of advanced manufacturing and production systems where artificial intellig

11、ence ,expert</p><p>　　systems ,smart robots, and advanced manufacturing technology systems would create the next </p><p>　　generation of tools to be used in the factory of the future.</p>

12、<p>　　From the very beginnings of recorded time ,mechanical systems have found their way into every</p><p>　　aspect of our society .Our simplest mechanisms ,such as gears ,pulleys, springs,and wheeles.

13、</p><p>　　have provided the basis for our tools .Our electronics technology,on the other hand ,is completely</p><p>　　twentieth-century ,all of it created within the past 75 years.</p>&l

14、t;p>　　Until now ,electronics were included to enhance mechanical systems' performance ,but the </p><p>　　emphasis remained on the mechanical product .There had never been any master plan on how the &l

15、t;/p><p>　　integration would be done .In the past ,it had been done on a case -by-case basis .More recently</p><p>　　,however,because of the overwhelming advances in the world of electronics and it

16、s capability </p><p>　　to physically simplify mechanical configurations ,the technical community began to reassess</p><p>　　the marriage between these two disciplines.</p><p>　　The

17、most obvious trend in the direction of mechatronic innovation can be observed in the </p><p>　　automobile industry .There was atime when a car was primarily a mechanical marvel with a</p><p>　

18、　few electronic appendages.</p><p>　　First came the starter motor ,and then the generator ,each making the original product a bit </p><p>　　better than it was before .Then came solid-state elect

19、ronics,and suddenly the mechanical marvel</p><p>　　became an electro-mechanical marvel .Today's machine is controlled by microprocessors ,built by</p><p>　　robots ,and fault-an-alyzed by a c

20、omputer connected to its "external interface connector".</p><p>　　Automotive mechanical engineers are no longer the masters of their creations.</p><p>　　The process that describes the

21、evolution of the autimibile is somewhat typical of other </p><p>　　productds in our society.Electronics has repeatedly improved the performance of mechanical </p><p>　　systems ,but that innovati

22、on has been more by serendipity than by design .And that is the essence</p><p>　　of mechatronica the preplanned application of ,and the efficient integration of,mechanical</p><p>　　and electron

23、ics technology to create an optimum product.</p><p>　　A recent U.S. Department of Commerce report entitled "JTECH Panel Report on Mechatronics </p><p>　　in Japan"compared U.S and Japan

24、ese research and development trends in specific areas of mechatronics </p><p>　　technology.Except for afew areas ,the technology necessary to accomplish the development of</p><p>　　the next gene

25、ration of systems embodying the principles of mechatronics is fully within the </p><p>　　technological reach of the Japanede .</p><p>　　Comparisons were made in three categories :basic research

26、,asvanced development, and product</p><p>　　implementation.Except for machine vision and software ,Japanese basic research was comparable </p><p>　　to the United States,with the Japanese closing

27、 in fase on macchine vision system technology.</p><p>　　Japanese artificial intelligence research is falling behind ,primarily because the Japanese do</p><p>　　not consider it an essential ingre

28、dient of their future systems ,they appear capable of closing </p><p>　　even that gap,if required .In the advanced development and product implementation areas,Japan</p><p>　　is equal to or bett

29、er than the United States,and is continuing to pull ahead at this time .</p><p>　　The Department of Commerce report concleuded that Japan is maintaining itsposition and is</p><p>　　in some cases

30、 gaining ground over the United States in the application of mechatronics .Their</p><p>　　progress in mechatrinics is important because it addresses the very means for next generation</p><p>　　o

31、f data -driven advanced design and manufacturing technology. In fact ,the Department of Commerce </p><p>　　repert cincludes that this has created a regenrative effect on Japan's manufacturing industries.

32、</p><p>　　TO clese the gap ,we will need to go much further than creating new tools .If we accept</p><p>　　the fact that mechanical systems optimally coupled with eletronics components will be t

33、he wave</p><p>　　of the future ,then we must also understand that the pipple effect will be felt all the way back</p><p>　　to the university,where we now keep the two disciplines of mechanics an

34、d eletronics separated and</p><p>　　allow them to meet only in occasional overview sessions .New curricula must be create fir a new</p><p>　　hybrid engineer a mechatronics engineer .Only then ca

35、n we be assured that future generations </p><p>　　of product designers and manufactuiing engineers will full seek excellence in these new techniques.</p><p>　　We need to rethink our present day

36、approach of separating our engineering staffs both and</p><p>　　from each other and from the producting engineers .Living together and communicating individual</p><p>　　knowledge will be the ke

37、y to optimum designs and new product development .</p><p>　　The definition of mechatronics is much more significant than its combined words imply .</p><p>　　It can physically turn engineering a

38、nd manufacturing upside down. It will change the way we </p><p>　　design and produce the next generating of high technology products.The nation that fully implements </p><p>　　the rediments of m

39、echatronics and vigorousely pursues it will lead the word to a new generation </p><p>　　of technology innovation with all its profound implications.</p><p>　　2.Benefits Of Mechatronics</p&

40、gt;<p>　　Mechatronics may sound like utopia to many product and manufacturing managers it is often presented as the solution to nearly all of the problems in manufacturing . In particular ,it promises to increase

41、productivity in the factory dramatically.Design changes are easy with extensive use of mechatronic elements such as CAD; CAP and MIS systems help in scheduling ; and flexible manufacturing systems ,computer-aided design

42、 ,and computer –integrated manufacturing equipment cut turnaround time for m</p><p>　　Many companies that make extensive use of computers view their factories as examples of mechateonic concepes, but on clos

43、e wxamination their integration is horizontal-in the manufacturing area only –or at best includes primarily manufacturing and managemengt .General Electric ,as part of its effort to become a major bendor of factory autom

44、ation systems ,including its Erie Locomotive Plant, its Scjenectady Steam Turbine Plant, and its Charlottesville Controls Manufacturing Division. The primary b</p><p>　　High Capitial Equipment Utilization &l

45、t;/p><p>　　Typically , the throughput for a set of machines in a mechatronics system will be up to three times that for the same machines in a stand-alone job shop environment . The mechatronic system achieves

46、 high efficiency by having the computer schedule every part to a machine as soon as it is free , simultaneously moving the part on the automated material handling system and downloading the appropriate computer program

47、to the machine . In addition , the part arrives at a machine already fixtured on </p><p>　　Reduced Capital Equipment Costs</p><p>　　The high utilization of eqipment results in the need for f

48、ewer machines in the mechatronic system to do the same work load as in a conventional systenm . Reductions of 3:1 are common when replaceing machining centers in a job-shop situation with a mechatronic system. </p>

49、;<p>　　Reduced Direct Labor Costs </p><p>　　Since each machine is completely under computer control ,full-time oversight is not repaired . Direct labor can be reduced to the less skilled personnel

50、who fixture and defixture the parts at the work station ,and a machinist to oversee or repair the work stations ,plus the system supervisor . While the fixturing personnel in mechatronic environments require less advance

51、d skills than corresponding workers in conventional factories , labor cost reduction is somewhat offset by the need for computi</p><p>　　Reduced Work-in –Process Inventory and Lead Time</p><p>

52、;　　The reduction of work –in-process in a mechatronic system is quite dramatic when compared to a job-shop environment . Reductions of 80 percent have been reported at some installations and may be attributed to a variet

53、y of factors which reduce the time a part waits for metal-cutting operations. These factors include concentration of all the equipment required to produce part into a small area ;reduction in the number of fixtures requi

54、red ;reduction in the number of machines a part must travel thr</p><p>　　Responsiveness to Changing Production Requirements</p><p>　　A mechatronicsystem has the inherent flexibility to manuf

55、acture different products as the demands of the demands of the marketplace change or as engineering design changes are introduced .Furthermore , required spare part production can be mixed into regular runs without sign

56、ificantly disrupting the normal mechatronic system production activities.</p><p>　　Abulity to Maintain Prodution</p><p>　　Many mechatronic system are designed to degrade gracefully when one

57、or more machines fail . This is accomplished by incorporating redundant machining capability and a material handling system that allows failed machines to be bypassed . Thus , throughput is maintained at a reduced rate.&

58、lt;/p><p>　　High Product Quality</p><p>　　A sometimes-overlooked advantage of a mechatronic system , especially when compare to machines that have not been federated into a cooperative system , i

59、s improve product quality . The basic integration of product design characteristics with production capability ,the high level of automation , the reduction in the munber of fixtures , and greater attention to part/machi

60、ne alignment all result in a good individual part quality and excellent consistency from one workpiece to another ,further res</p><p>　　Operational Flexibility </p><p>　　Operational flexibilit

61、y offers a significant increment of enhanced productivity . In some facilities , mechateonic system can run virtually unattended during the second and the third shifts . This nearly “unmanned “ mode of operation is curr

62、ently the exception rather than the rule . It should , however, become increasingly common as better sensors and computer controls are developed to detect and handle unanticipated problems such as tool breakages and part

63、-flow jams . In this operational mode</p><p>　　Capacity Flexibility </p><p>　　With correct planning for available floor space , a mechatronics system can be designed for low production volumes

64、 initially ;as demand increase , new machines can be added easily to provide the extra capacity required.</p><p>　　Mechatronic System Elements</p><p>　　This chapter provides a brief introducti

65、on to the mechatronic system concept and the system elements required to implement mechatronic technology . The stress is on factory automation ,whiche will serve as the foundation for mechatronic technology integration

66、in office automation and home automation .</p><p>　　System Concept </p><p>　　Mechatronic production systems include all aspects of product design , manufacturing , and plant management , in a

67、coordinated data-driven computer-as-sisted system .But unlike any other process before , they will also include the operationts that are the involed in defining the product a plant is to manufacture .It is precisely here

68、 that the Japanese have excelled ,making many American firms take notice and wonder why their share of the market is disappearing.</p><p>　　A close inspection of the process would receal that the Japanese ha

69、d created new products that were so much attuned to the using public that our statle products lacked luster in the market-place . They created a need for their products and did so by that age-old principle which states,

70、“give the customer what he wants ,not what you think he wants .”</p><p>　　Sharing the design process with customer is an interesting process that , when considered as part of the mechatronic philosophy , b

71、ecomes the prime mover for everything else that happens in factory automation.</p><p>　　There are three general groups of mechatronic functions , as shown in Figure 2: market needs analysis ,which results in

72、 user-oriented product design ; manufacture(both fabrication and assembly ) of products on the factory floor; and enlightened management of factory operations . The three general groups noted above ,stressing the need fo

73、r inproved design , product manufacturing ,and enlightened management ,are not necessarily mutually exclusive . In fact , the goal of introducing mechatronics in</p><p><b>　　漢語(yǔ)翻譯</b></p>&

74、lt;p><b>　　機(jī)電一體化概述</b></p><p><b>　　1：何為機(jī)電一體化</b></p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化是日本人新造的術(shù)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描述機(jī)械工程與電子工程的結(jié)合。機(jī)電一體化的念除了是個(gè)新的概念之外，還可以看成包含任何東西的概念，因?yàn)槲覀冎車性S許多多的數(shù)不清的產(chǎn)品都是機(jī)械和電子技術(shù)有機(jī)結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。然而機(jī)電一體化特別指

75、的是多學(xué)科相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和制造系統(tǒng)的方法，他代表著下一代的機(jī)器、機(jī)器人和靈敏的機(jī)械能夠在一系列不同的環(huán)境下進(jìn)行工作。主要是：工廠自動(dòng)化、辦公自動(dòng)化、家庭自動(dòng)化，如下圖1所示</p><p>　　同時(shí)應(yīng)用機(jī)電一體化代表著一個(gè)新的層次上的先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和過(guò)程相結(jié)合。這就意味著把包含多種學(xué)科并且反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的方法應(yīng)用于那些系統(tǒng)，這與把理解和控制放在一個(gè)重要的地位上是一樣的。這種機(jī)械與電子技術(shù)相結(jié)合的方法使現(xiàn)今觀念轉(zhuǎn)變已經(jīng)比

76、較快的日本更快的把技術(shù)應(yīng)用于產(chǎn)品之中。</p><p>　　目前，機(jī)電一體化闡述了日本人使用充分結(jié)合的隊(duì)伍的實(shí)踐，這一隊(duì)伍包括產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)者、制造人員、采購(gòu)人員和銷售人員，他們相互一致行動(dòng)，既設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品又設(shè)計(jì)制造系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　日本人承認(rèn)在生產(chǎn)革命中未來(lái)將屬于知道怎樣使用電子系統(tǒng)和機(jī)械系統(tǒng)之間相結(jié)合的最好的人們，更特別的是他們意識(shí)到這種需要是先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和制造系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化是最強(qiáng)烈的，譬

77、如人工智能、專家系統(tǒng)、靈巧機(jī)器人。先進(jìn)的制造系統(tǒng)能夠創(chuàng)造下一代將來(lái)能夠在工廠應(yīng)用的工具。</p><p>　　迄今為止，機(jī)械系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在我們社會(huì)各方面廣泛應(yīng)用且存在，例如我們的一些簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械齒輪、彈簧、輪子都是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹幕竟ぞ?。在另一方面我們的電子技術(shù)在20 世紀(jì)已經(jīng)在短短的75年內(nèi)就已經(jīng)相當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)達(dá)了。</p><p>　　直到現(xiàn)在，電子技術(shù)從屬于機(jī)械系統(tǒng)，并來(lái)增強(qiáng)機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的性能。但是重

78、點(diǎn)仍然放在機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)上，從沒(méi)有把機(jī)械和電子相互結(jié)合。在過(guò)去，只是就事論事，最近由于世界上電子技術(shù)的不可抵擋的先進(jìn)性，且能夠?qū)嶋H的簡(jiǎn)化機(jī)械裝置。機(jī)械技術(shù)行業(yè)開(kāi)始將電子技術(shù)與機(jī)械“聯(lián)姻”。</p><p>　　最直接的機(jī)電一體化改革體現(xiàn)在自動(dòng)化工業(yè)。我們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)嶄新的時(shí)代，一輛汽車是只有幾個(gè)電子元件就能控制的機(jī)器。</p><p>　　首先是起動(dòng)器馬達(dá)，接著出現(xiàn)的是發(fā)電機(jī)。每一次都使產(chǎn)品

79、有了新的進(jìn)步，之后半導(dǎo)體電子元件（由集成塊、晶體管和二極管組成）的出現(xiàn)成為機(jī)械行業(yè)的奇跡?，F(xiàn)今的機(jī)器是由微處理器控制，由機(jī)器人生產(chǎn)，故障分析由與外接口連接器連接的電腦控制，自動(dòng)化機(jī)器引擎。電子技術(shù)已再三的改善了機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的性能。這是機(jī)電一體化的精華─機(jī)械技術(shù)和電子技術(shù)預(yù)先計(jì)劃應(yīng)用和有效結(jié)合以創(chuàng)造一種最佳的產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　美國(guó)貿(mào)易部最近的一篇題為“日本技術(shù)規(guī)則委員會(huì)關(guān)于機(jī)電一體化評(píng)論”的報(bào)告比較了美國(guó)和日

80、本在機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)上的研究和發(fā)展。除了少數(shù)領(lǐng)域外，完成使機(jī)電一體化的原理具體化的下一代系統(tǒng)的研制所必須的技術(shù)完全在日本人所能及的范圍內(nèi)。</p><p>　　在下列三個(gè)方面作了比較：基礎(chǔ)研究、試樣樣品和產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)三個(gè)方面。除了機(jī)械視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)和軟件系統(tǒng)外，日本的基礎(chǔ)研究與美國(guó)的是可以相比的，日本人在機(jī)器視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)（系統(tǒng)通過(guò)傳感、物體識(shí)別、圖象分析和解釋來(lái)確定物體的方位和形狀的能力，稱為機(jī)械視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)）日本人工智能方面的研究

81、比美國(guó)相對(duì)落后，主要是日本人不認(rèn)為人工智能是與他們將來(lái)系統(tǒng)結(jié)合的關(guān)鍵。如果需要的話，他們甚至關(guān)閉且不研究人工智能。在試樣試品和產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)方面，日本與美國(guó)持平，甚至超過(guò)美國(guó)，并在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)仍保持領(lǐng)先勢(shì)頭。</p><p>　　美國(guó)貿(mào)易部的報(bào)告總結(jié)出：日本仍然保持其地位，在一些情況下，對(duì)于機(jī)電一體化的應(yīng)用仍勝于美國(guó)。他們?cè)跈C(jī)電一體化方面的進(jìn)步是非常重要的，因?yàn)樗窍乱淮詳?shù)據(jù)為主導(dǎo)的設(shè)計(jì)及制造技術(shù)的重要手段。實(shí)際上，美

82、國(guó)貿(mào)易部報(bào)告的結(jié)論會(huì)對(duì)日本的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生更深遠(yuǎn)的影響。</p><p>　　為了縮小差距，我們不僅要制造新的工具，而且我們要走的路更遠(yuǎn)。如果我們接受電子元件最佳結(jié)合的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)將是未來(lái)的浪潮。這一事實(shí)，那么我們一定能理解。這波紋效應(yīng)一直到大學(xué)都能感覺(jué)到。在大學(xué)里我們把機(jī)械學(xué)和電子學(xué)這兩門(mén)學(xué)科分離，而且僅在偶然的綜合性課程中允許二者相遇?，F(xiàn)在的課程必須能夠創(chuàng)造新的混合型的工程師──機(jī)電一體化工程師。只有這樣，我們才能

83、保證將來(lái)下一代的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)者和制造工程師將在新的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域有出色的表現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　我們必須需要重新思考一下我們現(xiàn)代的劃分我們機(jī)電一體化工程師成員的方法，既要彼此互相區(qū)別，而又要與產(chǎn)品工程師相互區(qū)別。居住在一起，個(gè)人之間相互交流在產(chǎn)品將產(chǎn)生一種復(fù)雜的效應(yīng)。最大化的相互作用是優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)的關(guān)鍵。</p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化的定義的重要性不在于它是詞語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單組合，他把工程技術(shù)

84、和制造技術(shù)相互結(jié)合，他會(huì)改變我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)下一代高科技產(chǎn)品的方式，充分為機(jī)電一體化提供基礎(chǔ)，并強(qiáng)有利的推行機(jī)電一體化的國(guó)家將把世界導(dǎo)向一場(chǎng)具有深遠(yuǎn)意義的新一代技術(shù)革命。</p><p>　　2：機(jī)電一體化的優(yōu)勢(shì)</p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化對(duì)于許多產(chǎn)品和制造者聽(tīng)起來(lái)似乎是近乎理想的完美境界，因?yàn)闄C(jī)電一體化幾乎能解決生產(chǎn)制造中的所有問(wèn)題，更特別的是，他很有可能顯著的提高工廠產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量。廣泛

85、的利用機(jī)電一體化組成部分例如CAD(計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì))、CAP(計(jì)算機(jī)輔助計(jì)劃)和MIS(管理信息系統(tǒng))幫助的編制進(jìn)度。并且柔性制造系統(tǒng)、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造設(shè)備，可以大大的降低生產(chǎn)制造的工作周期，這子系統(tǒng)降低產(chǎn)品成本和提高設(shè)備的利用率，與CAE(計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程)、CAD、CAM(計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造)相結(jié)合的機(jī)電一體化能創(chuàng)造更經(jīng)濟(jì)的產(chǎn)品，利用控制和聯(lián)絡(luò)的提高，降低圖紙數(shù)量，并且CAM設(shè)備減少了安裝和控制機(jī)器的時(shí)間。</p>

86、;<p>　　許多公司更廣泛的利用計(jì)算機(jī)把他們的工廠看成是機(jī)電一體化構(gòu)想的試樣點(diǎn)。但是，經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)密考察后，他們的結(jié)合是水平的──只在生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域──包括主要的生產(chǎn)制造和管理階層。通用電器公司成為工廠汽車系統(tǒng)的主要賣(mài)主，已經(jīng)推出其宏偉計(jì)劃合并其旗下的數(shù)個(gè)公司，包括伊利機(jī)車廠、斯克奈塔氣輪機(jī)廠、夏洛茨維爾制造分工司。機(jī)電一體化的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)著重放在先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)和工廠自動(dòng)化。</p><p><b>　　

87、機(jī)器設(shè)備的高利用率</b></p><p>　　典型的講，一套機(jī)電一體化機(jī)器設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)量是在獨(dú)立車間的環(huán)境下、相同的機(jī)器條件下的三倍。當(dāng)機(jī)器一空閑下來(lái)時(shí)，就讓計(jì)算機(jī)調(diào)度每一個(gè)零件到這臺(tái)機(jī)器，同時(shí)在自動(dòng)材料輸送關(guān)系系統(tǒng)中使零件運(yùn)動(dòng)，并且把適當(dāng)?shù)挠?jì)算機(jī)程序下行傳輸?shù)竭@臺(tái)機(jī)器80，這樣就能使機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)達(dá)到很高的效率。另外，已經(jīng)固定在托板上的零件到達(dá)機(jī)器，以使零件裝卡時(shí)機(jī)器不必等待──把零件固定在托板上是

88、單獨(dú)的工作站上完成的。</p><p><b>　　降低設(shè)備資金消耗</b></p><p>　　機(jī)器設(shè)備的高利用率，原因在于在作用同樣工作時(shí)機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)比傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)需要更少的機(jī)器設(shè)備。當(dāng)利用機(jī)電系統(tǒng)代替加工中心時(shí)，減少1/3的機(jī)器設(shè)備是正常的。</p><p><b>　　降低工人的勞動(dòng)消耗</b></p&g

89、t;<p>　　因?yàn)槊恳慌_(tái)機(jī)器是完全在計(jì)算機(jī)控制下不用工人一直盯著工作，直接的減少了機(jī)器工人的監(jiān)工或者維修工、零件的檢察員，不太需要有技能的人員。例如在車間夾緊、卸下工件。然而，在機(jī)電一體化工作環(huán)境下與傳統(tǒng)的工作車間相比不需要更高的技術(shù)。勞動(dòng)力資金的減少在某種程度上與傳統(tǒng)工作車間不需要的技術(shù)是相互抵消的。有計(jì)劃調(diào)度在制工件和減少產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)到投產(chǎn)時(shí)間或從定貨到交貨時(shí)間。</p><p>　　與單獨(dú)車間環(huán)

90、境下相比，利用機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)在減少在制工件方面是非常顯著的。據(jù)一些車間報(bào)道已經(jīng)減少了80%，這些都?xì)w功于減少了定貨到交貨的時(shí)間的諸多因素，這些因素包括：全部生產(chǎn)零件所需的設(shè)備都集中在一個(gè)小的區(qū)域內(nèi)；所需夾具的數(shù)量的減少；由于加工工藝被組合在工作單元中而引起的零件所必須通過(guò)的機(jī)器的數(shù)量的減少；以及分批進(jìn)入的和已在機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)中的零件要進(jìn)行有效的計(jì)算機(jī)調(diào)度。</p><p>　　對(duì)改變的產(chǎn)品的需求快速響應(yīng)</

91、p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)對(duì)于不同產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)需求和市場(chǎng)需求改變或者工程設(shè)計(jì)改變都有固有的靈活性。更進(jìn)一步，備用件的需求不會(huì)大大擾亂正常的機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)。</p><p><b>　　生產(chǎn)的可維護(hù)性</b></p><p>　　許多機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)能夠適度的降低當(dāng)一個(gè)或更多的機(jī)器失效后不能正常工作的機(jī)率。當(dāng)某臺(tái)機(jī)器失效后多余的機(jī)器和原材料

92、控制系統(tǒng)使系統(tǒng)繞過(guò)失效的機(jī)器，因此，生產(chǎn)量始終保持在一個(gè)恒定的百分率上。</p><p><b>　　高的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量</b></p><p>　　經(jīng)常性的監(jiān)督機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)，特別是當(dāng)與沒(méi)有與合作系統(tǒng)聯(lián)合的機(jī)器系統(tǒng)相比能夠更能提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)性能與生產(chǎn)能力的基本結(jié)合，高水平的自動(dòng)化夾具數(shù)量和駐留的機(jī)器數(shù)量的減少，設(shè)計(jì)的更好的永久性?shī)A具，更加注意零件與機(jī)器的調(diào)整，所

93、有這些都使單個(gè)零件質(zhì)量良好，零件之間有極好的一致性，并且導(dǎo)致返工成本的大大減少。</p><p><b>　　靈活的控制</b></p><p>　　靈活的控制能夠顯著的增加產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量，在一些設(shè)施里，機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)可以在中班和晚班和無(wú)人看管條件下自動(dòng)運(yùn)行，這種幾乎無(wú)人的操作方式目前是例外的情況，而不是常規(guī)，但是他可以變成常規(guī)。如果好的傳感器和計(jì)算機(jī)能夠控制和解決一些非

94、預(yù)期的情況，例如刀具劃傷、零件流動(dòng)阻滯等等。在這種操作模式下，監(jiān)察、安裝和維修可以在第一班即可完成。</p><p><b>　　靈活性</b></p><p>　　由于正確的操作可利用的占地面積的計(jì)劃，一個(gè)機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)最初可為低產(chǎn)量而設(shè)計(jì)。隨著需求的增長(zhǎng)，可以容易的增添新機(jī)器，以提供需要的附加生產(chǎn)能力。</p><p>　　3: 機(jī)電一體化

95、的組成</p><p>　　這一章節(jié)簡(jiǎn)要的介紹機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)的原理，而且講述了需要機(jī)電一體化各個(gè)組成部分來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)電一體化工藝技術(shù)。 機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)的 重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在 工廠自動(dòng)化，因?yàn)楣S自動(dòng)化作為機(jī)電一體化整體技術(shù)中辦公自動(dòng)化和家庭自動(dòng)化的基礎(chǔ)。</p><p><b>　　系統(tǒng)原理</b></p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)包括產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的所有

96、方面，產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)制造和與工廠管理部門(mén)由數(shù)字化驅(qū)動(dòng)的相互協(xié)調(diào)的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助系統(tǒng)。但不同于以往的其他工藝技術(shù)，他們還包括與確定工長(zhǎng)江要制造的產(chǎn)品有關(guān)的工序，這里 恰好是日本人以勝人一籌之處，使得許多美國(guó)公司注意并想知道為什么它們（占有）的市場(chǎng)份額正在消失。</p><p>　　一份關(guān)于這種工藝的周密調(diào)查講揭示：日本人已創(chuàng)造了非常適合于用戶的新產(chǎn)品，以至我們的陳舊產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)上失去了光澤。他們引起了對(duì)他們產(chǎn)品的需要，并且是

97、按照那個(gè)古老的原則做到這一點(diǎn)的，這個(gè)原則是：“給予顧客它所向要的東西，而不是給他認(rèn)為他鄉(xiāng)要的東西。</p><p>　　與顧客分擔(dān)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程是一種有趣的過(guò)程，當(dāng)把她作為機(jī)電一體化基本原理的一部分考慮時(shí)，這一過(guò)程為在工廠自動(dòng)化方面發(fā)生的其他一切事實(shí)的動(dòng)力。</p><p>　　，機(jī)電一體化功能一般分為三類：與用戶相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的市場(chǎng)分析，在工廠現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)制造，開(kāi)明的工廠經(jīng)營(yíng)管理。上述三大