外文翻譯--國自卸車

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　附錄A.外文文獻原文</p><p>　　Chinese Mining Dump Truck</p><p>　　by Zhang Wensheng</p><p>　　1.GeneraI information of domesticmining d

2、ump truck sector </p><p>　　Since the first Chinese-made mining dump truck was made in 1 969,over two decades have passed,during which,China’s mining dump truck industry has primarily formed the capacity of p

3、roducing 20154 ton mining dump trucks.At present,the main manufacturers are as follows;Xiangtan Electric Manufacturing Group Corp．Ltd．,North Hauler Limited Liability Company,Benxi Heavy．Duty Truck Limited Liability Compa

4、ny.Changzhou Metallurgical Machinery Plant,Beijing Heavy Duty Truck Plant and so on,and the technolo</p><p>　　Now,about 11000 units of mining dump trucks are on service in domestic construction projects,such

5、 as mines,electric stations,railways and so on,about 45000 of which are do．mestic-made,mainly including 13JZ3364 model with load capacity of 20 tons（about 3 000 units）,BJZ 3480 model with load capacity of 27 tons（about 2

6、00 units）,3307 model with load capacity of 45 tons（about 600 units）and a small amount of mining dump trucks with load capacity of 77,85,108 and 154 tons respectively.</p><p>　　The batch-produced BJZ 3364 whi

7、ch was self designed in the 1 970’s based on the similar Trucks abroad is still at the intemational levels from the late 1970’s to the early 1980’s in terms of the basic structure and technical specifications．BJZ 3480 mo

8、del truck,a localized one of RD 030 model truck introduced from British Aveling Bedford．is at the international level of around the 1980’s.The 3307 and 3311 made by Baotou North Truck MFG Co．Ltd．a(chǎn) Sino-American—British i

9、oint venture located in Baoto</p><p>　　2.Introduction of Mining dump trucks</p><p>　　Mining dump trucks are mainly used in various mines and earth sites.Because of their poor working conditions,

10、low level road,and also frequent starting, braking and steering,heavy load,the external loads are complex.At present,designers pay more attention to make the strength and rigidity of the dump truck and their components t

11、o meet various requirements,rarely consider their aerodynamic characteristics and aerodynamic design.It is reported that there are about 9000 mining dump trucks in China,g</p><p>　　Mining truck is an ideal c

12、onveyance in large mines for its high efficiency and good economy,and tends to be larger.Now,the payload of main trucks abroad has been up to 360 tons,but internal manufacturers have not produced mining trucks over 200 t

13、ons.Owing to large weight and high speed of trucks and more cuwe and slope in mines,the system of steering,brake and hoisting must be reliable．Hydraulic power steering,hydraulic hoisting and full hydraulic brake have bee

14、n applied in mining trucks．So the </p><p>　　3.Profile of key manufacturers Of mining dump trucks</p><p>　　Beijing Heavy Duty Truck Plant,with 1 800 employees,is one that can msss-produce mining

15、dump trucks with load capacity of 20 and 27 tons.Its leading product,BJZ 3364 mining dump trucks taking the lion’S share in home market,are working for more than 100 clients engaged in hydropower projects and small&

16、medium mines nationwide with its population of 3000 units．F0r example,in the world-Famous Three Gorges of Changjiang River project site Alone,over 400 units of BJZ3364 dump trucks are booming ther</p><p>　　N

17、orth Hauler Limited Liability Company （NHL）,a Sino-British-American joint venture located in Baotou city of Inner Mongolia Au- tonomous Regions,has over 400 people in its workforce.and a land area of 110000 m2.With compl

18、ete sets of equipment and processing facilities of heavy truck production line,the company is capable of producing the TEREX series products of mining dump trucks and articulated vehicles with load capacity of 2085 tons.

19、The annual production program is targeted for 300 units．The</p><p>　　Established in 1936,Xiangtan Electric Manufacturing Group Corp.Ltfl.has become one of the largest industrial enterprises in the country,wi

20、th an enroll of 13000 employees,over 4000 of whom are senior engineers or engineers.It covers a land area about two million m2.There are 4125 units of various production equipment and facilities.Thanks to its preponderan

21、ce in fabrication of machines,electric motors and electric facilities,the company has formed a higher capability of self -OE supplying with th</p><p>　　4．Moving towards enterprise conglomeration </p>

22、<p>　　Though China’s mining dump truck sector has developed greatly,it could not buffer the thirst from the domestic mining dump truck market yet.Furthermore,the sector lacks coordination among departments and regio

23、ns.So,it is necessary to accelerate the reform towards enterprise conglomeration,forming the superiority of China’s mining dump truck industry in production scale;and making the macrocontrol of domestic mining dump truck

24、 production in line with the development trend of the markets home and </p><p>　　China has speeded up the introduction of mining dump truck technologies from abroad in order to avoid detours and has set up s

25、ome JVS and cooperative enterprises.One of the urgent task confronted with us is to work at digesting and assimilating the technologies already introduced,making full use of the existing equipment and facilities（some of

26、them are modem and updated both home and abroad）owned by the dump truck manufacturers and suppliers with rational allocation of resources and tapping of r</p><p>　　There is every reason to believe that China

27、’s mining dump truck sector wi ll have a brighter prospect provided that it forms superiority of scale production,strengthens the coordination among the departments and regions by means of setting up enterprise group and

28、 seeks actively operative partners at home and abroad.</p><p>　　附錄B.外文文獻中文翻譯</p><p><b>　　我國自卸車</b></p><p><b>　　章溫勝</b></p><p>　　1.國內(nèi)礦自卸車的通用信息<

29、;/p><p>　　自從在1969年我國第一次國產(chǎn)礦用自卸車的制造，20多年已經(jīng)過去了，在這期間，我國的自卸車已初步具有生產(chǎn)20154噸礦用車的能力。目前，主要制造商如下：湘潭電器制造集團有限公司，北機有限責(zé)任公司，本溪重型汽車有限責(zé)任公司等等。常州冶金機械廠，北京重型汽車廠等，自卸車的技術(shù)通過多渠道進行宣傳和交流，如建立技術(shù)和商務(wù)相結(jié)合的合資企業(yè)。姆特公司消化和吸收引進的技術(shù)，使我國已經(jīng)能夠生產(chǎn)多種裝載質(zhì)量的自卸車

30、，如154噸，108噸，85噸，77噸，65噸，50噸，40（41～51） 噸，32（31～35） 噸，27噸和20 噸，其中，年產(chǎn)量20噸和以上的，大約有4500個公司左右。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)在，在礦山，電力站，鐵路等國內(nèi)建設(shè)服務(wù)項目中，大約有11000個礦用卸車的公司，其中約45000家公司做整車制造。主要包括裝載能力為20噸， 27噸，45噸和少量的77，85，108和154噸等不同噸位的自卸車。&l

31、t;/p><p>　　批次生產(chǎn)BJZ3364， 是基于在國外仍處于國際水平從20世紀70年代末到80年代初的條款的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和具體技術(shù)自主設(shè)計的的。BJZ 3480自卸車從英國Aveling Bedford引進的，并對參照了030卡車模型，在20世紀80年代處于國際一級的。3307和3311是包頭北車制造有限公司制造的，公司是中美英合資企業(yè)，總部設(shè)在包頭，特雷克斯系列產(chǎn)品的比例約為64％，關(guān)鍵總成及零部件兩種模式在國內(nèi)

32、和世界都處于先進。然而，與國外相比，國產(chǎn)科幻3103和SF 31 50模型100噸級電動輪椅采礦自卸卡車的質(zhì)量仍然較差，他們的產(chǎn)量非常小。</p><p><b>　　2簡介</b></p><p>　　礦用自卸車主要用于各種礦區(qū)和工程工地。因為其工作條件差，水平低的道路，也頻繁起動，制動和轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)、重載、外部荷載比較復(fù)雜。目前，設(shè)計者給予更多的關(guān)注使強度和剛度的自卸

33、卡車及其部件，以滿足各種要求，很少考慮他們的空氣動力特性和空氣動力學(xué)設(shè)計。據(jù)報道，大約有9000礦用自卸車在中國，一般負荷，其中超過10噸，以及燃料的消耗和污染排放量增加了。基于能源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護要求，有必要改進燃油經(jīng)濟性的自卸卡車，減少其空氣阻力。</p><p>　　礦用自卸車以其生產(chǎn)效率高、運營成本低而成為大型礦山的理想運輸工具，其大型化是一個重要的發(fā)展趨勢。目前，國外主要生產(chǎn)廠家的產(chǎn)品規(guī)格都已達到360噸

34、，而國內(nèi)還沒有自主開發(fā)出噸位超過200噸的自卸車。由于重量大、行駛速度高，加之礦山地區(qū)的彎道、坡路較多，礦用自卸車必須具有可靠、靈活的舉升、轉(zhuǎn)向和制動性能。液壓系統(tǒng)作為礦用自卸車的轉(zhuǎn)向、舉升、制動控制系統(tǒng)，它的性能優(yōu)劣將嚴重影響整車的安全性能和生產(chǎn)效率。國外自卸車多采用專用元件，而國內(nèi)相關(guān)研究較少。</p><p>　　3主要制造商的礦用自卸車</p><p>　　北京重型汽車廠，有 18

35、00名員工，是一個可以生產(chǎn)裝載能力為20噸和27噸的礦用自卸車的企業(yè)。 BJZ 3364礦用自卸車是它的在國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先的產(chǎn)品，考慮的大部分份額在國內(nèi)市場，他們正在為100多個從事水電工程客戶提供服務(wù)，全國遍及人口的 3 000 人。例如，世界著名的長江三峽工程現(xiàn)場中就有400臺BJZ 3364礦用自卸車。它的產(chǎn)品包括BJZ 3364 （有鋼板彈簧）和裝載能力為20噸，27噸的BJZ 3364Q （水文氣動彈簧懸架）， 27噸的BJZ 348

36、0， BJZ 5360灑水車，畫廊經(jīng)營的運輸卡車，噴車等。</p><p>　　北機有限責(zé)任公司（NHL）的，是一家中英美合資企業(yè)，總部設(shè)在設(shè)在內(nèi)蒙古自主地區(qū)的包頭市，有超過400員工。占地面積為110000平方米。擁有成套設(shè)備和加工設(shè)施的重型卡車生產(chǎn)線，該公司已能生產(chǎn)特雷克斯系列產(chǎn)品的礦用自卸卡車和鉸接式承載能力為2085噸的車輛。年度生產(chǎn)計劃包含300個項目。產(chǎn)品是根據(jù)設(shè)計圖紙，工藝流程，嚴格執(zhí)行質(zhì)量標準檢查

37、規(guī)格引進特雷克斯，公司堅持引進特雷克斯分鐘滾動的最新技術(shù)，，保持在與特雷克斯的在技術(shù)上的同步。同時，公司已自主開發(fā)了許多新類型的車輛，如煤機和運輸卡車。</p><p>　　成立于1936年的湘潭電機制作有限公司已成為我國最大的一個工業(yè)企業(yè)，公司有13000個雇員，其中有4000個高級工程師。公司占地面積約200萬平方米，擁有4125套各種生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和儀器。公司的優(yōu)勢在制造機，電動機和電氣設(shè)備方面，而且形成了較高的

38、能力，自我光電供應(yīng)速度的自制零件達85%。礦用自卸車包括負載能力為108 t和154 t大型自卸車電動輪椅。目前，所需要的輪胎，輪輞，水泵，閥門等等都是國內(nèi)提供，雖然他們是主要部件，但是輸出引擎和液壓傳動必須外包。</p><p><b>　　4走向企業(yè)集團</b></p><p>　　雖然我國的礦用自卸車已經(jīng)有了很大的發(fā)展，但它不能滿足國內(nèi)礦用自卸車市場的需求量。而

39、且 ，該部門缺乏對各部門之間和地區(qū)之間的協(xié)調(diào)。因此，有必要加快企業(yè)聚集的改革，使我國在礦用自卸車生產(chǎn)規(guī)模上具有優(yōu)勢，使國內(nèi)礦用自卸車走向集團化，以適應(yīng)國內(nèi)外市場的發(fā)展趨勢。</p><p>　　我國為了避免走彎路，加快引進從國外引進礦用自卸車技術(shù)，并成立了一些合資企業(yè)。我們面臨的迫切任務(wù)是自卸卡車制造商要消化和吸收已經(jīng)引進的技術(shù)，充分利用現(xiàn)有的設(shè)備和設(shè)施（其中一些是國內(nèi)外最先進的），并對資源進行合理的分配和重視資