外文翻譯---連續(xù)縱列式冷軋機的平直度模型和控制

1、<p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　連續(xù)縱列式冷軋機的平直度模型和控制</p><p>　　在1994年的下半年，Sidmar一號縱列式冷軋機被改造為完全連續(xù)的五架軋機，并且配備了一條酸洗線。其軋機設備的組成包括：機架上的液壓壓下機構；第一架帶有能軸向移動的中間輥的六輥軋機；所有機架的支撐輥；最后一個機架上的軸向移動的工作輥。這個新的冷

2、軋技術和這條新的酸洗線允許酸洗過程、軋機出口尺寸和鋼帶平直度的閉式控制。</p><p>　　它含有兩條平直度測量系統(tǒng)：一是在軋機出口處，另一個是在機架間的縫隙。平直度是通過傳統(tǒng)的第一架和最后一架之間的閉環(huán)反饋方法，用平直度在線模型在支撐輥和軸向移動設定的點來控制。在線模型用來描述6、4輥軋機軸向移動的平直度元素的線性、拋物線和四次方程。</p><p>　　除了平直度反饋控制和在線模型設

3、定以外，一種獨特的反饋系統(tǒng)通過確認新來的鋼帶的外形的種類，用機架間的平直度測量來提高軋機出口平直度。新系統(tǒng)的所有客觀性能都達到了提高所提供的產(chǎn)品范圍的平直度質(zhì)量的要求。</p><p><b>　　平直度要求</b></p><p>　　Sidmar軋機軋制寬650~1880mm，厚0.3~3.5 mm和材料強度從低碳鋼到HSLA和中碳鋼范圍的材料。從冷軋機出來的好的

4、平直度的軋件能提高生產(chǎn)量和生產(chǎn)率，很容易滿足客戶最后的要求。</p><p>　　典型地，平直度從原料改變到±15個單位需要經(jīng)過入口到出口線，但根據(jù)殘留錯誤的波長和型式的不同，軋件的不平度水平仍大大的改變。Sidmar軋機的改造之后，在穩(wěn)定運行的情況下，從原料到±8個單位是帶卷平直度的標準性能，好于從原料到±11個單位，差于從原料到±5個單位。</p><

5、;p>　　在新軋制線上，軋制完成的帶卷被剪短的時候，它和新來的熱軋帶卷之間有一兩個焊縫。在這點上，它對平直度的干擾是尤為重要的，而且對單一反饋系統(tǒng)的反饋造成很大的困難。 </p><p>　　不同尺寸軋機的在線平直度要求</p><p>　　物理模型的采用使得大多數(shù)機械結構的復雜的平直度模型能以一套基本的模型被建立。</p>&l

6、t;p>　　這個基本模型把物理原理轉化為數(shù)學上的并作為模塊代碼的程序。模塊代碼被更改設定為模擬特殊機械排列到要求描述的形式的軟件。舉個例子，如相同的模型能被設定為一個圖形的近似二次方程或線性描述、二次方程和四次方程，或者設定為更詳細的遍布鋼帶的50個單位。Sidmar軋機的在線裝置模型需要線性的、二次的和四次的方程。</p><p>　　外形模型包括下列模塊：</p><p><

7、;b>　　·軋輥的撓度</b></p><p><b>　　·軋輥間接觸應力</b></p><p><b>　　·軋輥面壓痕</b></p><p><b>　　·抗拉強度</b></p><p><b>　

8、　·鋼帶壓力</b></p><p>　　新設計本身會有許多缺陷和未能預料的問題發(fā)生，只有當這些缺陷和問題被解決之后，才能體現(xiàn)出新產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)越性。因此，一個性能優(yōu)越的產(chǎn)品誕生的同時，也伴隨著較高的風險。應該強調(diào)的是，如果設計本身不要求采用全新的方法，就沒有必要僅僅為了變革的目的而采用新方法。</p><p>　　在設計的初始階段，應該允許設計人員充分發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性，不受各種

9、約束。即使產(chǎn)生了許多不切實際的想法，也會在設計的早期，即繪制圖紙之前被改正掉。只有這樣，才不致于堵塞創(chuàng)新的思路。通常，要提出幾套設計方案，然后加以比較。很有可能在最后選定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。 </p><p>　　心理學家經(jīng)常談論如何使人們適應他們所操作的機器。設計人員的基本職責是努力使機器來適應人們。這并不是一項容易的工作，因為實際上并不存在著一個對所有人來說都是最優(yōu)的操作范圍和操作

10、過程。</p><p>　　另一個重要問題，設計工程師必須能夠同其他有關人員進行交流和磋商。在開始階段，設計人員必須就初步設計同管理人員進行交流和磋商，并得到批準。這一般是通過口頭討論，草圖和文字材料進行的。為了進行有效的交流 ，需要解決下列問題：</p><p>　?。?） 所設計的這個產(chǎn)品是否真正為人們所需要？</p><p>　?。?） 此產(chǎn)品與其他公司的現(xiàn)有

11、同類產(chǎn)品相比有無競爭能力？</p><p>　?。?） 生產(chǎn)這種產(chǎn)品是否經(jīng)濟？</p><p>　?。?） 產(chǎn)品的維修是否方便？</p><p>　?。?） 產(chǎn)品有無銷路？是否可以盈利？ </p><p>　　只有時間能對上述問題給出正確答案。但是， 產(chǎn)品的設計、制造和銷售只能在對上述問題的初步肯定答案的基礎上進行。設計工程師還應該通過零件圖

12、和裝配圖，與制造部門一起對最終設計方案進行磋商。</p><p>　　通常 ，在制造過程中會出現(xiàn)某個問題?？赡軙髮δ硞€零件尺寸或公差作一些更改，使零件的生產(chǎn)變得容易。但是，工程上的更改必須要經(jīng)過設計人員批準，以保證不會損傷產(chǎn)品的功能。有時，在產(chǎn)品的裝配時或者裝箱外運前的試驗中才發(fā)現(xiàn)設計中的某種缺陷。這些事例恰好說明了設計是一個動態(tài)過程?？偸谴嬖谥玫姆椒▉硗瓿稍O計工作，設計人員應該不斷努力，尋找這些更好的方

13、法。</p><p>　　近些年來，工程材料的選擇已經(jīng)顯得重要。此外，選擇過程應該是一個對材料的連續(xù)不斷的重新評價過程。新材料不斷出現(xiàn)，而一些原有的材料的能夠獲得的數(shù)量可能會減少。環(huán)境污染、材料的回收利用、工人的健康及安全等方面經(jīng)常會對材料選擇附加新的限制條件。為了減輕重量或者節(jié)約能源，可能會要求使用不同的材料。來自國內(nèi)和國際競爭、對產(chǎn)品維修保養(yǎng)方便性要求的提高和顧客的反饋等方面的壓力，都會促使人們對材料進行重新

14、評價。由于材料選用不當造成的產(chǎn)品責任訴訟，已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。此外，材料與材料加工之間的相互依賴關系已經(jīng)被人們認識得更清楚。因此，為了能在合理的成本和確保質(zhì)量的前提下獲得滿意的結果，設計工程師的制造工程師都必須認真仔細地選擇、確定和使用材料。</p><p>　　制造任何產(chǎn)品的第一步工作都是設計。設計通常可以分為幾個明確的階段：（a）初步設計；（b）功能設計；（c）生產(chǎn)設計。在初步設計階段，設計者著重考慮產(chǎn)品應

15、該具有的功能。通常要設想和考慮幾個方案，然后決定這種思想是否可行；如果可行，則應該對其中一個或幾個方案作進一步的改進。在此階段，關于材料選擇唯一要考慮的問題是：是否有性能符合要求的材料可供選擇；如果沒有的話，是否有較大的把握在成本和時間都允許的限度內(nèi)研制出一種新材料。</p><p>　　在功能設計和工程設計階段，要做出一個切實可行的設計。在這個階段要繪制出相當完整的圖紙，選擇并確定各種零件的材料。通常要制造出樣

16、機或者實物模型，并對其進行試驗，評價產(chǎn)品的功能、可靠性、外觀和維修保養(yǎng)性等。雖然這種試驗可能會表明，在產(chǎn)品進入到生產(chǎn)階段之前，應該更換某些材料，但是，絕對不能將這一點作為不認真選擇材料的借口。應該結合產(chǎn)品的功能，認真仔細地考慮產(chǎn)品的外觀、成本和可靠性。一個很有成就的公司在制造所有的樣機時，所選用的材料應該和其生產(chǎn)中使用的材料相同，并盡可能使用同樣的制造技術。這樣對公司是很有好處的。功能完備的樣機如果不能根據(jù)預期的銷售量經(jīng)濟地制造出來，或

17、者是樣機與正式生產(chǎn)的裝置在質(zhì)量和可靠性方面有很大不同，則這種樣機就沒有多大的價值。設計工程師最好能在這一階段完全完成材料的分析、選擇和確定工作，而不是將其留到生產(chǎn)設計階段去做。因為，在生產(chǎn)設計階段材料的更換是由其他人進行的，這些人對產(chǎn)品的所有功能的了解不如設計工程師。 </p><p>　　在生產(chǎn)設計階段中，與材料有關的主要問題是應該把材料完全確定下來，使它們與現(xiàn)有的設備相適應，能夠利用現(xiàn)有設備經(jīng)濟地進行加工，而

18、且材料的數(shù)量能夠比較容易保證供應。</p><p>　　在制造過程中，不可避免地會出現(xiàn)對使用中的材料做一些更改的情況。經(jīng)驗表明，可采用某些便宜材料作為替代品。然而，在大多數(shù)情況下，在進行生產(chǎn)以后改換材料要比在開始生產(chǎn)前改換材料所花費的代價要高。在設計階段做好材料選擇工作，可以避免多數(shù)這樣的情況。在生產(chǎn)制造開始后出現(xiàn)了可供使用的新材料是更換材料的最常見的原因。當然，這些新材料可能降低成本、改進產(chǎn)品的性能。但是，必須

19、對新材料進行認真的評價，以確保其所有性能都滿足要求。應當記住，新材料的性能和可靠性很少像現(xiàn)有材料那樣為人們所了解。大部分的產(chǎn)品失效和產(chǎn)品責任事故案件是由于在選用新材料作為替代材料之前，沒有真正了解它們的長期使用性能而引起的。</p><p>　　產(chǎn)品的責任訴訟迫使設計人員和公司在選擇材料時，采用最好的程序。在材料過程中，五個最常見的問題為：（a）不了解或者不會使用關于材料應用方面的最新最好的信息資料；(b)未能預

20、見和考慮擦黑年品可能的合理用途（如有可能，設計人員還應進一步預測和考慮由于產(chǎn)品使用方法不當造成的后果。在近年來的許多產(chǎn)品責任訴訟案件中，由于錯誤地使用產(chǎn)品而受到傷害的原告控告生產(chǎn)廠家，并且贏得判決）；(c)所使用的材料的數(shù)據(jù)不全或是有些數(shù)據(jù)不確定，尤其是當其長期性能數(shù)據(jù)是如此的時候；(d)質(zhì)量控制方法不適當和未經(jīng)驗證；(e)由一些完全不稱職的人員選擇材料。</p><p>　　通過對上述五個問題的分析，可以得出這

21、些問題是沒有充分理由存在的結論。對這些問題的研究分析可以為避免這些問題的出現(xiàn)指明方向。盡管采用最好的材料選擇方法也不能避免發(fā)生產(chǎn)品責任訴訟，設計人員和工業(yè)界按照適當?shù)某绦蜻M行材料選擇，可以大大減少訴訟的數(shù)量。</p><p>　　從以上的討論可以看出，選擇材料的人們應該對材料的性質(zhì)，特點和加工方法有一個全面而基本的了解。</p><p>　　軋輥的撓度——軋輥強度計算用的是典型梁彎曲理論。

22、軋輥可認為是一個帶有分布載荷的梁，假定軋輥軸承中心為支點和撓度主要是由彎曲力矩和剪切力引起的。因為軋輥直徑和輥身長度的比值是非常大的，所以剪切力引起的撓度也算在內(nèi)。</p><p>　　用短的錐形軋輥時，軸向移動時可以減少支撐工作輥的接觸長度。這樣，橫跨鋼帶寬度的工作輥的撓度可以減小。用這種方法，軋輥不對稱的軸向移動能明顯地減小鋼帶寬度方向的平直度的靈敏度。軋輥軸向移動的結果可以通過遍布軋輥支撐面的分布載荷的變化

23、來模擬。</p><p>　　軋輥間接觸應力——兩輥之間的支撐壓力導致接觸點周圍產(chǎn)生局部缺陷，沿著水平軸線產(chǎn)生分布的載荷。通過“赫茲壓力作用”根據(jù)兩軋輥之間的接觸面撓度的不同來模擬這個分布載荷。</p><p>　　軋輥面壓痕——軋輥間隙的外形受工作輥和鋼帶接觸面間的彈性壓痕的不同而影響很大。軋輥壓痕模型是以小區(qū)域上的單位壓力引起的軋輥的撓度為影響因素?？傮w矯直取決于軋輥和鋼帶接觸面上的小

24、區(qū)域的綜合影響。</p><p>　　抗拉強度——平直度、抗拉強度和鋼帶壓力的相互影響導致從輪廓頂部到機架間產(chǎn)生了一個很大的負反饋。由于鋼帶拉伸引起的載荷的改變可以通過從軋輥壓縮到拉伸的靈敏度而得到。</p><p>　　鋼帶壓力——由于帶鋼表面缺陷而引起從工作輥到鋼帶表面橫向的載荷分布。綜合軋制壓力/弧長模型提供精確的軋制力預報。對平直度模型來說，被使用的一個簡化的形式是建立在軋制力模型

25、靈敏度的基礎上的。</p><p>　　對Sidmar設備來說，對新來的帶鋼頭部的影響是根據(jù)每一個帶卷頭部在熱軋過程中的測量記錄來計算的，雖然不太重要，但增加的精確測量在提高頭部平直度模型精確度方面起了重要作用。</p><p>　　鋼帶外形——在兩輥咬合的地方，帶鋼的的外形取決于縫隙的形狀。而外形取決于軋輥撓度、軋輥表面形狀和缺口，通過他們各自的幾何模型來描述。</p>&

26、lt;p>　　平直度——每個機架間材料的平直度很大程度上依賴于軋制過程中拉伸程度的不同。對冷軋來說，接下來的流程帶鋼被限制在一個局部的區(qū)域，除了這個小區(qū)域外，帶鋼的偏差可以假定為縱向的。出口平直度決定于帶鋼頭部變化和新來的帶鋼平直度的綜合影響。</p><p>　　亞結構——為減少構造特殊軋制模型，一些標準組件的子系統(tǒng)模型分別被構造。對圖2中的軋輥來說，一個簡單的組件就可以定義作用力影響下的工作輥的撓度。用

27、這個方法，通過軋輥軸向移動和支撐輥的接觸長度的共同影響來計算幾何靈敏度。這個構件的幾何靈敏度數(shù)學表達式如下：</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></p><p>　　另一個組件是用來定義工作輥和帶鋼接觸面間的作用力的，它是工作輥撓度、進入帶鋼的外形和拉伸的函數(shù)。</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></

28、p><p>　　這兩個組件后來被合成用于軋輥和鋼帶的復雜模型。</p><p>　　六輥和四輥軋機結構——用幾何形狀和組件的知識，機架的大部分組件模型能夠被構造，舉個例子，如四輥軋機的工作輥的彎曲和軸向移動；六輥軋機的工作輥和中間輥的彎曲執(zhí)行裝置和中間輥的軸向移動。四輥和六輥軋機的模型用相同的方法構造但在六輥軋機的情況下，帶有支撐輥和工作輥的中間輥的影響必須被考慮，其平衡條件要和工作輥和支撐輥

29、的一致。</p><p>　　Row tandem cold rolling mill models and the flatness control</p><p>　　In the second half of 1994, Sidmar on the 1st column of cold rolling mill was transformed into a row of five f

30、ull mill, and equipped with a pickling line. The composition of its mill equipment, including: Screwdown hydraulic rack on the body; with the first-axial movement to the middle of the six roll roller mill; rack all the s

31、upport roll; final Axial on the rack Mobile work roll. The new cold-rolling technology and this new pickling line to allow the pickling process, the export size and strip</p><p>　　It contains two straight me

32、asurement system: First, the exit of the mill, and the other is on a rack between the cracks. Flatness through the traditional first-and last a feedback loop between the methods used straight-line model in support of the

33、 roll and axial movement set up to control the point. On-line model used to describe 6,4 roller mill axial movement of flatness of linear elements, parabolic and quartic equation. </p><p>　　Apart from the st

34、raight-degree feedback control and set up online model, a unique feedback system through the strip to confirm the new shape of the type of rack with the flatness measurement to improve the mill exports straightness. The

35、new system all have reached the objective of improving the range of products offered by the flatness quality requirements. </p><p>　　Flatness requirements </p><p>　　Sidmar rolling mill-650 ~ 188

36、0 mm, thick 0.3 ~ 3.5 mm and material strength from low-carbon steel to HSLA and in the scope of the carbon steel materials. From the cold-rolled flat-out good for the workpiece can increase production and productivity,

37、it is easy to meet the requirements of the final customer. </p><p>　　Typically, the flatness of raw materials from the change to ± 15 units to go through the entrance to the export line, but according t

38、o the residual error and patterns of different wavelengths, the rolling of the roughness is still greatly changed. Sidmar of the mill, in the stable operation of the circumstances, from raw materials to ± 8 units wi

39、th volume flatness is the standard performance, better than from raw materials to ± 11 units, weaker than from raw materials to ± 5 units. </p><p>　　In the new online rolling, rolling with the comp

40、letion of the volume was shorter, and its new hot-rolled to the 12 volumes between Weld. In this regard, it is the flatness of interference is particularly important, but also for a single feedback system of feedback cau

41、sed great difficulties. </p><p>　　Different sizes of the mill online flatness requirements </p><p>　　Physical model makes use of the mechanical structure of the most complex flatness model to a

42、basic model was established. </p><p>　　This basic model of the physical principles into mathematics and as a module on the code of</p><p>　　procedure. Module code changes set to be simulated wit

43、h special machinery to the requirements described in the form of software. For example, if the same model can be set to approximate a graphic description of quadratic equation or linear, quadratic equation and four equat

44、ions, or for a more detailed set around the strip of 50 units. Sidmar mill's online needs of the linear model of the device, secondary and four of the equation. </p><p>　　Shape model includes the followi

45、ng modules: </p><p>　　Roll the deflection </p><p>　　Roll of contact stress </p><p>　　Roll-indentation </p><p>　　Tensile strength </p><p>　　Coil pressure &l

46、t;/p><p>　　Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the ma

47、rket the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not

48、unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. </p><p>　　In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restra

49、int. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, mu

50、st propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used cer</p><p>　　How does the psychologist frequently discus

51、s causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnel''s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly

52、does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. </p><p>　　Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and

53、the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is appro

54、ved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem:</p><p>　　(1)

55、designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability </p><p>　　(2) does this product compare with other companies'' existing similar products? </p>

56、<p>　　(3) produces this kind of product is whether economical? </p><p>　　(4) product service is whether convenient? </p><p>　　(5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain?</p>

57、<p>　　Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer f

58、oundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal.</p><p>　　Us

59、ually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the projec

60、t change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only th

61、en discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instan</p><p>　　Recent year, the engineerig material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continu

62、ously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on

63、 use, worker''s health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight</p><p>　　Makes any product the first step of work all is

64、designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product sh

65、ould have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, t

66、he question </p><p>　　In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines eac

67、h kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service mainte

68、nance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product </p><p>　　In the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question

69、 the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply. </p>

70、;<p>　　In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in

71、the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the ch

72、oice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situati</p><p>　　The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best pro

73、cedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to c

74、onsider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the con</p><p>　　Through to the above five questions anal

75、ysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses

76、the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may grea

77、tly reduce the lawsu</p><p>　　May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic unders

78、tanding.</p><p>　　Roll the deflection - Roll strength calculation using a typical beam bending theory. Roll can be considered a distribution load with the beam, on the assumption that the Centre for roller b

79、earings fulcrum mainly by the deflection and bending torque and shear stress caused. Because the roll diameter and length of the roll ratio is very large, shear stress caused by deflection is also counting. </p>&

80、lt;p>　　With short tapered roller, axial movement can reduce support the work roll contact length. In this way, across the width of the strip work roll can reduce the deflection. This way, Roll asymmetric axial movemen

81、t can significantly reduce the width of the strip flatness of the sensitivity. Roll axial movement of the results can roll around the support of the changes in the distribution of load to simulate. </p><p>　

82、　Roll of contact stress - the support between the two roller pressure led to a local point of contact around the defect, along the axis of a distribution of the load. Through the "Hertz pressure," according to

83、two of Roll contacts between the different deflection to simulate the distribution of load. </p><p>　　Roll-indentation - Roll gap appearance by the work roll and strip contacts between the different and flex

84、ible indentation great impact. Roll a small indentation model regional units on the pressure arising from the roll for the deflection factor. Straightening depend on the general roll and strip contact surface of the comb

85、ined effects of small area. </p><p>　　Tensile strength - flat, tensile strength and strip the pressure caused from the outline of each other at the top of the rack had a lot of negative feedback. As strip st

86、retching from the load can change from the roll compression to stretch and get the sensitivity. </p><p>　　Coil pressure - As the strip surface defects caused by work roll to strip from the horizontal surface

87、 of the load distribution. Comprehensive rolling pressure / arc-length model of the rolling force to provide accurate forecasts. The flatness model, the use of a simplified form is built on the rolling force model on the

88、 basis of the sensitivity. </p><p>　　Sidmar of equipment, the new head of the strip is based on the impact of each volume with his head in a hot record in the process of measurement to calculate, although no

89、t very important, but more accurate measurement of the increase in the head Straightness model accuracy played an important role. </p><p>　　Coil shape - roll bite in two places, depending on the shape of the

90、 strip slot shape. The shape depends on the roll deflection, shape and surface roll gap, through their respective geometric model to describe. </p><p>　　Flatness - each rack between the flatness of rolling t

91、o a large extent dependent on the process of drawing in varying degrees. On cold-rolled, the next strip process was limited to a partial region, in addition to the extra-territorial area, the strip can be assumed to be d

92、eviations vertical. Exports flatness decided to strip the head of the changes and the new strip to the combined effects of flatness.</p><p>　　Sub-structure - a special structure to reduce the rolling model,

93、a number of standard components of the subsystem model were constructed. Figure 2 on the roll, a simple components can be defined under the influence of the work force of the roller deflection. Use this method, roll roll

94、 axial movement and support the length of the combined effect of exposure to computational geometry sensitivity. This component of the geometric sensitivity mathematical expression are as follows: </p><p>&l

95、t;b>　　(1) </b></p><p>　　Another component is used to define work roll and strip contacts between the force, and it is working roller deflection into the strip shape and stretching the function. <

96、/p><p>　　(2) </p><p>　　This synthesis of the two components were later used to roll and strip the complex model. </p><

97、p>　　6 roll and four roll mill structure - with geometric shapes and components of knowledge, most of the rack component model can be constructed, for example, such as the four-high mill work roll bending and axial mov

98、ement; six ROLL Mill work roll and roll the middle of the implementation of devices and bending the middle of the roll axial movement. And six four-high model of the roller mill with the same method of structural 6-high