外文翻譯--智能化的物流搬運(yùn)機(jī)器人－agv

1、<p><b>　　中文3170字</b></p><p>　　Intelligent logistics handling robot--AGV</p><p>　　Handling the logistics function is one of the elements of the logistics systems have a high rate

2、, logistics occupy an important part of the cost. United States industrial production process Handling costs account for 20-30% of the cost. German logistics enterprises Material handling costs account for one-third of t

3、he turnover. Japan logistics handling costs account for the GNP 10.73%,and China production logistics handling costs account for about 15.5% of the manufacturing cost. All of the world</p><p>　　AGV notable f

4、eature is unmanned, the AGV is equipped with an automatic guidance system, system can be protected in no artificial pilot circumstances can be scheduled along the route will automatically, goods or materials from the thr

5、eshold automatically delivered to the destination. Another feature of the AGV is good flexibility and a high degree of automation and a high level of intelligence, AGV according to the route of storage spaces, such as ch

6、anges in the production process and the flexibi</p><p>　　ⅠAGV types </p><p>　　AGV it has been since the invention of a 50-year history, with the expansion of areas of application, of the types a

7、nd forms of diversity has become. Often under the AGV will automatically process the way of AGV navigation divided into the following categories :</p><p>　　1.Electromagnetic Induction-guided AGV </p>

8、<p>　　Electromagnetic Induction general guide is on the ground, along a predetermined route of the buried cable, when the high-frequency currents flowing through wires, Traverse electromagnetic field generated aroun

9、d, AGV symmetrical installed two electromagnetic sensors, they receive the electromagnetic signal intensity differences reflect AGV deviated from the path degree. AGV control system based on this bias to control the vehi

10、cle's steering, Continuous dynamic closed-loop control to ensure AGV pa</p><p>　　2. Laser-guided AGV </p><p>　　The AGV species can be installed on a rotating laser scanner, running path alon

11、g the walls or pillars installed a high reflective of positioning signs, AGV rely on the laser scanner fired a laser beam, followed by the reflective signs around the positioning of the laser beam back, on-board computer

12、 to calculate the current vehicle position and the direction of movement, adopted and built-in digital maps correction compared to the position, thus achieving automatic removal. </p><p>　　Currently, the typ

13、es of AGV increasingly prevalent. And the basis of the same guiding principles, if the laser scanner replacement for infrared transmitters, ultrasonic transmitters. is laser-guided AGV can become infrared-guided AGV and

14、ultrasound-guided AGV.</p><p>　　3. Vision-guided AGV </p><p>　　Vision-guided AGV is under rapid development and maturity of the AGV. The species AGV is equipped with a CCD camera and sensors. on

15、-board computer equipped with AGV wishes to the route of the surrounding environment image database. AGV moving process, dynamic access to traffic cameras around environmental information and images and image databases,

16、thus determine the current location of the next stage will make a decision.</p><p>　　AGV such as setting up does not require any physical path, in theory, has the best guide Flexible, With the computer image

17、 acquisition, storage and processing of the rapid development of technology, the kinds of practical AGV is growing. </p><p>　　In addition, there are ferromagnetic gyro inertial-guided AGV, optical-guided AGV

18、 variety of forms of AGV.</p><p>　?、?Application of AGV </p><p>　　1. Warehousing</p><p>　　Warehousing AGV is the first application of the place. In 1954 the first to AGV in the Unit

19、ed States state of South Carolina Mercury M otor Freight company's operational warehouse for storage of goods from achieving automatic removal. At present the world is about 2 million operation in a wide range of AGV

20、 2,100 large and small warehouses. Videocon Group in 2000, running the operation zone warehouse, 9 AGV Taiwan formed a soft bank automatic handling system, successfully completed the 23,400 dai</p><p>　　2. M

21、anufacturing</p><p>　　AGV production in the manufacturing sector in line to succeed, efficient, accurate and flexible materials to complete the task of handling. And may be composed of multiple AGV Flexible

22、handling of the logistics system Along with handling the production line can process adjustments and timely adjustment make a production line to produce more than 10 types of products, greatly improving production flexib

23、ility and the competitiveness of enterprises. 1974 Sweden's Volvo Kalmar car assembly plants in</p><p>　　In recent years, as the basis for CIMS removal tool, the AGV to the mechanical application of in-d

24、epth processing, production of home appliances, microelectronics manufacturing, tobacco and other industries, production and processing areas to become the most widely AGV areas. </p><p>　　3. Post office, li

25、brary, port and airport </p><p>　　At post offices, libraries, and airport terminals occasions, the delivery of the existence of operational changes, dynamic nature, processes recurring adjustments, and remov

26、al processes in a single, features AGV concurrent operations, automation, Intelligent and flexible to the characteristics of a good occasion to meet on-removal requirements. Sweden in 1983 in Stockholm offices Slovakia,

27、Japan in 1988 in Tokyo, Tama offices, China in 1990 in Shanghai started to use postal hub AGV complete remo</p><p>　　4. Tobacco, medicine, food, chemicals </p><p>　　For the removal operation is

28、clean, safe, non-polluting emissions, and other special requirements of the tobacco, pharmaceutical, food, chemical and other industries, AGV application also be in focus. Many cigarette enterprises laser-guided AGV comp

29、leted pallet cargo handling work such as Philip Morris tobacco company 、Royal tobacco company etc.</p><p>　　5. Dangerous places and special services </p><p>　　Militarily, the AGV to the automati

30、c driving-based Integrated detection and other demolition equipment, Mine can be used for battlefield reconnaissance and position, the British military is developing a MINDER Recce is a reconnaissance vehicle, with mine

31、detection, destruction and the ability to route automatically verify type reconnaissance vehicles. In the steel plant, AGV Charge for delivery, reducing the labor intensity. In nuclear power plants and the use of nuclear

32、 radiation preservation o</p><p>　?、?AGV routes and scheduling method </p><p>　　AGV use of a route optimization and real-time scheduling AGV is the current field of a hotspot. Practical, it was

33、the methods used are : </p><p>　　1.Mathematical programming </p><p>　　AGV to the task of choosing the best and the best path can be summed up as a task scheduling problem. Mathematical programmi

34、ng methods to solve scheduling problems is the optimal solution to the traditional method. The method of solving process is actually a resource constraint to the optimization process. Practical methods of the main intege

35、r programming, dynamic programming, petri methods. Scheduling of the small-scale cases, such methods can get better results, but with the increased scale of</p><p>　　2.Simulation</p><p>　　Simula

36、tion of the actual scheduling environment modeling, AGV thereby to a scheduling program for the implementation of computer simulation. Users and researchers can use simulation means to scheduling program for testing, mon

37、itoring, thereby changing the selection and scheduling strategy. Practical use of a discrete event simulation methods, object-oriented simulation and three-dimensional simulation technology, Many AGV software can be used

38、 for scheduling simulation, which, Lanner Group Witnes</p><p>　　3.ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE </p><p>　　A way for the activation process AGV described as a constraint in meeting the solution set Sea

39、rch optimal solution process. It said the use of knowledge of the technical knowledge included, Meanwhile the use of search technology seeks to provide a satisfactory solution. Specific methods of expert system, genetic

40、algorithms, heuristics, neural network algorithm. Within this total, the expert system in which more practical use. It will dispatch experts abstract experience as a system can understan</p><p>　　Because neu

41、ral network with parallel computing, distributed storage knowledge, strong adaptability, and therefore, for it to become a large-scale AGV Scheduling is a very promising approach. At present, the neural network method fo

42、r a successful TSP-NP problem solving. Neural networks can optimize the composition of the solution into a discrete dynamic system of energy function, through minimizing the energy function to seek optimization solution.

43、 </p><p>　　Genetic algorithm simulates natural process of biological evolution and genetic variation and the formation of an optimal solution. Genetic algorithm for the optimization of the AGV scheduling pro

44、blem, First through the coding of a certain number of possible scheduling program into the appropriate chromosome, and the calculation of each chromosome fitness (such as running the shortest path), through repeated repr

45、oduction, crossover, Find fitness variation large chromosomes, AGV scheduling proble</p><p>　　Using a single method to solve scheduling problems, there were some flaws. Currently, a variety of integration me

46、thods to solve the scheduling problem AGV is a hotspot. For example, expert system integration and genetic algorithm, expert knowledge into the chromosome of the initial formation of the group, Solution to accelerate the

47、 speed and quality. </p><p>　　智能化的物流搬運(yùn)機(jī)器人－AGV</p><p>　　裝卸搬運(yùn)是物流的功能要素之一，在物流系統(tǒng)中發(fā)生的頻率很高，占據(jù)物流費(fèi)用的重要部分。美國(guó)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中裝卸搬運(yùn)費(fèi)用占成本的20~30%，德國(guó)物流企業(yè)物料搬運(yùn)費(fèi)用占營(yíng)業(yè)額的1/3，日本物流搬運(yùn)費(fèi)用占國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值的10.73%，中國(guó)生產(chǎn)物流中，裝卸費(fèi)用約占加工成本的15.5%。全球都

48、一直在尋求機(jī)械化和智能化的搬運(yùn)技術(shù)和裝備。AGV，一種柔性化和智能化物流搬運(yùn)機(jī)器人，從50年代在倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)業(yè)開(kāi)始使用，目前已經(jīng)在制造業(yè)、港口、碼頭等領(lǐng)域得到普遍應(yīng)用。    AGV的顯著特點(diǎn)是無(wú)人駕駛，AGV上裝備有自動(dòng)導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)，可以保障系統(tǒng)在不需要人工引航的情況下就能夠沿預(yù)定的路線自動(dòng)行駛，將貨物或物料自動(dòng)從起始點(diǎn)運(yùn)送到目的地。AGV的另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是柔性好，自動(dòng)化程度高和智能化水平高，AGV的行駛路徑可以根據(jù)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)貨位要求

49、、生產(chǎn)工藝流程等改變而靈活改變，并且運(yùn)行路徑改變的費(fèi)用與傳統(tǒng)的輸送帶和剛性的傳送線相比非常低廉。AGV一般配備有裝卸機(jī)構(gòu)，可以與其他物流設(shè)備自動(dòng)接口，實(shí)現(xiàn)貨物和物料裝卸與搬運(yùn)全過(guò)程自動(dòng)化。此外，AGV還具有清潔生產(chǎn)的特點(diǎn)，AGV依靠自帶的蓄電池提供動(dòng)力，運(yùn)行過(guò)程中無(wú)噪聲、無(wú)污染，可以應(yīng)用在許多要求工作</p><p>　　一 AGV的種類(lèi) AGV從發(fā)明至今已經(jīng)有50年的歷史，隨著應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)展，其種類(lèi)和形

50、式變得多種多樣。常常根據(jù)AGV自動(dòng)行駛過(guò)程中的導(dǎo)航方式將AGV分為以下幾種類(lèi)型：</p><p>　　電磁感應(yīng)引導(dǎo)式AGV 電磁感應(yīng)式引導(dǎo)一般是在地面上，沿預(yù)先設(shè)定的行駛路徑埋設(shè)電線，當(dāng)高頻電流流經(jīng)導(dǎo)線時(shí)，導(dǎo)線周?chē)a(chǎn)生電磁場(chǎng)，AGV上左右對(duì)稱(chēng)安裝有兩個(gè)電磁感應(yīng)器，它們所接收的電磁信號(hào)的強(qiáng)度差異可以反映AGV偏離路徑的程度。AGV的自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)根據(jù)這種偏差來(lái)控制車(chē)輛的轉(zhuǎn)向，連續(xù)的動(dòng)態(tài)閉環(huán)控制能夠保證AGV對(duì)

51、設(shè)定路徑的穩(wěn)定自動(dòng)跟蹤。這種電磁感應(yīng)引導(dǎo)式導(dǎo)航方法目前在絕大多數(shù)商業(yè)化的AGVS上使用，尤其是適用于大中型的AGV。2. 激光引導(dǎo)式AGV 該種AGV上安裝有可旋轉(zhuǎn)的激光掃描器，在運(yùn)行路徑沿途的墻壁或支柱上安裝有高反光性的定位標(biāo)志，AGV依靠激光掃描器發(fā)射激光束，然后接受由四周定位標(biāo)志反射回的激光束，車(chē)載計(jì)算機(jī)計(jì)算出車(chē)輛當(dāng)前的位置以及運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向，通過(guò)和內(nèi)置的數(shù)字地圖進(jìn)行對(duì)比來(lái)校正方位，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)搬運(yùn)。 目前，該種AG

52、V的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越普遍。并且依據(jù)同樣的引導(dǎo)原理，若將激光掃描器更換為紅外發(fā)射器、或超聲波發(fā)射器，則激光引導(dǎo)式AGV可以變?yōu)榧t外引導(dǎo)式AGV和超聲波引導(dǎo)式AGV。3. 視覺(jué)引導(dǎo)式AGV 視覺(jué)引導(dǎo)式AGV是正在快速發(fā)展和成熟的AGV，該種AGV</p><p>　　二 AGV的應(yīng)用1．倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)業(yè) 倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)業(yè)是AGV最早應(yīng)用的場(chǎng)所。1954年世界上首臺(tái)AGV在美國(guó)的South Carolina州的Mercury

53、 Motor Freight公司的倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)投入運(yùn)營(yíng)，用于實(shí)現(xiàn)出入庫(kù)貨物的自動(dòng)搬運(yùn)。目前世界上約有2萬(wàn)臺(tái)各種各樣AGV運(yùn)行在2100座大大小小倉(cāng)庫(kù)中。印度家電巨頭Videocon集團(tuán)于2000年投產(chǎn)運(yùn)行的開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)立體倉(cāng)庫(kù)中，9臺(tái)AGV組成了一個(gè)柔性的庫(kù)內(nèi)自動(dòng)搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)，成功地完成了每天23400的出入庫(kù)貨物和零部件的搬運(yùn)任務(wù)。2．制造業(yè) AGV在制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)線中大顯身手，高效、準(zhǔn)確、靈活地完成物料的搬運(yùn)任務(wù)。并且可由多臺(tái)AGV組成柔性