基于freescale hcs12系列單片機設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)搶答器外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文2075字</b></p><p><b>　　外文資料原文</b></p><p>　　Design and Implement of Responder Based on Freescale HCS12 Single Chip Microcomputer</p><p>　　Respo

2、nder is also known as the first signal discriminator, which is widely used in various competitions. It can judge the number of the first player accurately, fairly and intuitively. Currently, a variety of quiz responder h

3、as emerged on the market, in which a small responder is commonly designed with small-scale digital integrated circuit. Although the technology has been quite mature,but it is simple function, low intelligence, high fa

4、ult, simple display, less flexibility, not convenience </p><p>　　In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, the applications of single-chip microcomputer are becoming widely, whic

5、h promotes the development of traditional measurement and control technology. In this paper, Freescale HCS12 [1-3] is designed as a core component to achieve an intelligent digital responder with 8-channel [4-8], it has

6、some breakthroughs on technology, function and other aspects, comparing with the past responder. It is characterized by simple structure, </p><p>　　The basic functions of responder designed in this paper are

7、:</p><p>　　(1) The system can limit the competition time and answer time of the alarm;</p><p>　　(2) The system can identify the answer signal and identify the player's number;</p><

8、;p>　　(3) The system can calculate score for each player and display the scores.</p><p>　　Responder can accommodate 8 players numbered 1 to 8. In addition, LED digital tubes are designed to display the lat

9、ched data. After race host clears the system, if participants press switch, and after answer is certificated whether it is correct or not, the number of first player to answer in action is immediately shown by dig

10、ital tubes. Responder should have a strong ability to distinguish players to answer in the action, its resolution reaches at least a few ms</p><p>　　After the requirements and functions of responder are anal

11、yzed, the following circuits are required in general:</p><p>　　1、Responder circuit</p><p>　　The circuit has two functions: one is to identify the number of the player who press button, and to sa

12、ve the number; the other is to prohibit the other players from buttoning or to make other buttons not available</p><p>　　2、Timing circuits</p><p>　　Host can set competition time and answer time

13、by the time pre-set-circuit. If nobody can answer question within the set time, all players will not get score, then the host will announce the answer. Besides, if someone gets the chance to answer the question, but does

14、 not give the right result before the allowable time, he or she won't get the score, the overtime signal will be also send, the host will declare the right answer. Freescale HCS12 contains timer module, the timer mo

15、dule can be direct</p><p>　　3、Overtime circuit</p><p>　　HCS12 will send overtime signal when time goes beyond the set time, this signal will be transferred to the PC computer by the serial port.

16、 The next question will be proceeded to answer.</p><p>　　4、Scores count and display circuit.</p><p>　　When host presses the answer key, it is time to start to answer, if one player presses the a

17、nswer key, his or her number will be recorded, his or her score will be counted and displayed on the LED digital tubes.</p><p>　　Bedside the circuits designed above, some necessary logic</p><p>

18、　　designs are also necessary. The logic designs are as following:</p><p>　　First, the host will read the question which will show in the LCD; next, the PC computer will send letter "k", which means

19、 that play is beginning to competition. At the same time, timing circuit starts to work, if nobody gets the chance to answer the question within permitted time, microcontroller will send the word "chao shi" to

20、PC computer; If someone presses the competition key within the specified time, microcontroller will send his or her number. If the time goes beyond the permitted time, </p><p>　　Responder hardware is firstly

21、 designed;Responder hardware is taken directly from the hardware resources of Freescale HCS12 development board developed by Suzhou University. The development board takes MC9S12DG128 as the core, using modular design ap

22、proach, it extracts part of I/O resources,and it also provides each module with a corresponding interface circuit. It also provides A/D input channels, PWM low-pass filter circuits, 16-key keyboard input channels, 8-bit

23、 digital I/O circuits, SPI I/O </p><p>　　Before the start of the main program, the total interruptions are turned off and each module is initialized. The initialization of each module has been done in the co

24、rresponding initialization subprogram of each module. Here we only need call the corresponding initialization subprogram. After the initialization of each module is completed,the total interruptions should be turned on.

25、The main body of the main program is a loop structure; there are also several sub-cycles in the main loop, which a</p><p>　　Responder is one of the essential devices in various knowledge and intellectual con

26、tests, the development of better and more intelligent digital responder is very significant. Responder designed in this paper can achieve a responder's basic functions through experimental prototype testing.</p>

27、;<p>　　It reaches the design target with reasonable design, simple structure, good commonality, strong function, reliable answer and quick reaction. However, as hardware limitations of development board, some func

28、tions have not been able to achieve, such as the development board does not have enough LED digital tubes to display all player's scores simultaneously, the host can not adjust answer time according the difficulty of

29、 the question and so on. These issues will remain to be addressed in future d</p><p><b>　　外文資料譯文</b></p><p>　　基于Freescale HCS12系列單片機設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)搶答器</p><p>　　搶答器也被稱為第一信號鑒別器，它被廣

30、泛應(yīng)用于各種比賽。它可以判斷一個選手的數(shù)量準確，公正，直觀。目前，有多種搶答器已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在市場上，在其中一個小的搶答器通常用小規(guī)模數(shù)字集成電路設(shè)計。雖然該技術(shù)已相當成熟，但它功能簡單，智能低，高容錯，顯示簡單，靈活性較差，不便于進行升級，它已經(jīng)無法滿足各種智力競賽，綜藝節(jié)目的要求。因此，有必要開發(fā)一些種類的搶答器，可以更適合的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　近年來，隨著科學技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，單片機的應(yīng)用正在變得廣泛，從而

31、促進傳統(tǒng)的測量和控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展。在本文中，飛思卡爾的HCS12 [ 1-3 ]被設(shè)計成一個核心組成部分，實現(xiàn)了智能數(shù)字搶答器與8通道[ 4-8 ] ，但對技術(shù)，功能等方面有所突破，與過去相比響應(yīng)。它的特點是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，功能強大，可靠性好，實用性，從而使比賽能夠真正進行了公正，公平，公開的規(guī)則。</p><p>　　搶答器的設(shè)計本文的基本功能是：</p><p>　?。?）該系統(tǒng)可以限制競爭時

32、間和回答的報警時間;</p><p>　?。?）該系統(tǒng)能識別應(yīng)答信號并確定該選手的號碼;</p><p>　?。?）該系統(tǒng)可以計算每個選手的分數(shù)，并顯示分數(shù)。</p><p>　　搶答器可容納8名選手編號為1到8。此外， LED數(shù)碼管的設(shè)計，顯示鎖存數(shù)據(jù)。之后的比賽主持人清除系統(tǒng)中，如果選手按下開關(guān)，無論之后的回答是否正確，第一個選手在行動回答的數(shù)目是由數(shù)碼管立即顯

33、示。搶答器應(yīng)具有較強的分辨能力的選手在動作來回答，其分辨率達到至少幾毫秒后響應(yīng)方的要求和功能進行了分析，下面的電路是必需的，一般：</p><p><b>　　1、搶答器電路</b></p><p>　　該電路有兩個功能：一個是確定誰按下按鈕，播放器的數(shù)量，并保存號碼，另一種是從扣扣禁止的其他選手或作出其他按鈕不可用</p><p><b

34、>　　2時序電路</b></p><p>　　主機可以設(shè)置比賽時間和時間預(yù)先設(shè)定電路答題時間。如果沒有人能在設(shè)定的時間內(nèi)回答問題，所有選手都不會得到分數(shù)，那么主機將公布答案。此外，如果有人得到機會來回答這個問題，但在允許的時間之前沒有給出正確的結(jié)果，他或她不會得到分數(shù)，加班的信號也會被發(fā)送，主機將宣布正確答案。飛思卡爾HCS12包含定時模塊，定時模塊，可直接使用。</p><

35、p><b>　　3、加班電路</b></p><p>　　HCS12將發(fā)送超時信號，當時間超過設(shè)定的時間，這個信號將通過串口傳送到PC機。接下來的問題將進行回答。</p><p>　　4、評分計數(shù)和顯示電路。</p><p>　　當主持人按下了搶答鍵，表示開始回答，如果一個選手按下了搶答鍵，他或她的編號將被記錄，他或她的分數(shù)將計算并顯示在

36、LED數(shù)碼管顯示。</p><p>　　設(shè)計也是必要的。邏輯設(shè)計是如下：</p><p>　　首先，主機會讀取這將在LCD顯示的問題，其次， PC機將發(fā)送字母“K” ，這意味著該劇開始競爭。與此同時，定時電路開始工作，如果沒有人得到機會允許的時間內(nèi)回答問題，微控制器會發(fā)出單詞“超市”到PC電腦，如果有人按下指定時間內(nèi)競爭的關(guān)鍵，單片機將送他或她的編號。如果時間超出了允許的時間， PC機將發(fā)

37、送“下一步”，這意味著將目光轉(zhuǎn)向了??下一個問題，下一個問題將被自動顯示來回答。如果某些選手都有機會來回答這個問題，他或她的編號和成績將自動減少1 ，并顯示在數(shù)碼管，然后單片機發(fā)送“下一步”繼續(xù)下一個問題。如果分數(shù)是幾比0后下降，選手被淘汰。正確的答案將顯示在LCD上。最后，如果所有的問題都做了，微控制器會發(fā)出“E”來結(jié)束比賽，然后所有選手的分數(shù)將被計算，最高的一位將在數(shù)碼管顯示。</p><p>　　搶答器的硬

38、件首先設(shè)計;搶答器的硬件是由飛思卡爾HCS12開發(fā)板由蘇州大學開發(fā)的硬件資源直接服用。該開發(fā)板采用MC9S12DG128為核心，采用模塊化設(shè)計方法，它提取的I / O資源的一部分，而且還提供了每個模塊有相應(yīng)的接口電路。它還提供了A / D輸入通道， PWM低通濾波電路， 16鍵鍵盤輸入通道，8位數(shù)字I / O電路，SPI的I / O電路，SCI通信電路，集成電路，但I / O擴展電路和所以在本文中，硬件模塊的引腳連接和開發(fā)板的相應(yīng)接口列

39、，統(tǒng)一由系統(tǒng)的實際需要重新設(shè)計。</p><p>　　在主節(jié)目的開始之前，總中斷被關(guān)閉，每個模塊被初始化。每個模塊的初始化中的每個模塊的相應(yīng)初始化子程序已經(jīng)完成。在這里，我們只需要調(diào)用相應(yīng)的初始化子程序。每個模塊的初始化完成后，總的中斷應(yīng)當接通。主程序的主體是一個環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu);也有幾個子周期在主循環(huán)中，其中用于每個循環(huán)的周期的等待。在完成初始化后，系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)等待了比賽開始的信號與圓形模式，直到信號到來。當接收到此信號后，

40、系統(tǒng)會檢查周期時間是否加班，如果是加班時，系統(tǒng)切換到下一個問題，否則，系統(tǒng)會檢查的競爭信號，如果一些選手競爭來回答，然后系統(tǒng)會檢查是否答案時間是那樣，如果時間不超時，則系統(tǒng)判定結(jié)果是否為真，如果結(jié)果是正確的，播放器中加入1點，否則，選手被減去1點，并且系統(tǒng)進入下一問題。給選手的分數(shù)將被減去，系統(tǒng)需要檢查是否得分低是大于0 ，如果是的話，該選手的輸入通道被關(guān)閉。要注意的是，如果在競爭標志為1時，它應(yīng)該被清除。</p><

41、;p>　　搶答器是在不同的知識和智力競賽的重要設(shè)備之一，更好，更智能數(shù)字應(yīng)答的發(fā)展是非常顯著。搶答器設(shè)計本文通過實驗樣機的測試實現(xiàn)了搶答器的基本功能。</p><p>　　它達到了設(shè)計目標具有設(shè)計合理，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，通用性好，功能強，可靠的回應(yīng)和快速反應(yīng)。然而，由于開發(fā)板的硬件限制，有些功能未能實現(xiàn)，如開發(fā)板沒有足夠的LED數(shù)碼管同時顯示所有選手的分數(shù)，主機可以根據(jù)問題的難度不會調(diào)整答題時間等。這些問題將繼續(xù)留