土木工程外文翻譯3

1、<p>　　CHINA PAVILION</p><p>　　He Jingtang</p><p>　　Upon entering the south gate of Shanghai World Expo Garden, people would see a massive red building, which is the China Pavilion. The ver

2、y moment many people see it ,they can’t help thinking: What does it look like Some say it resembles a Chinese characteristics and novel design, stands for the rising Chinese nation. Its architectural shape, like an ample

3、 barn, symbolizes the richness and prosperity of the Chinese people. Each time when we are standing in front of it-the Crown of the East embody</p><p>　　The design concept and positioning</p><p>

4、;　　To realize the cultural theme of “Chinese Wisdom in Urban Dvelopment”,the design of the pavilion should embrace the Chinese elements to capture the sprit of the Chinese people and demonstrate the extensiveness and pro

5、fundity of the tyaditional Chinese culture. In addition, the design should showcase the characteristics of our time and the cutting-edged technological achievements. To this end, the designers of the pavilion take “Chine

6、se characterastics, spirit of the time” as the two basic guidel</p><p>　　The designers put the traditional Chinese philosophical concept of harmony into the design of the China Pavilion. Drawing the inspirat

7、ion from the Chinese cultural symbols,the appearance of treasured ancient Chinese crowns, and the layout of traditional Chinese cities, buildings and gardens, they create the Crown of the East showcasing the traditional

8、Chinese culture and express the spirit of the time by using modern three-dimensional space construction technique and modern building materias,tec</p><p>　　1. An interpretation of the crown of the east</p

9、><p>　　Unity of heaven and man, harmony in a prosper0us age Uplifted in the middle and rising high above ground, the China Pavilion, with overhanging layers, looks as if were embracing the sky, creating an impr

10、ession and inclusiveness. The upper exhibition halls held up by the four big pillars from a giant space where people can element their mind. In contrast, the regional exhibition halls are of lower height and low profile,

11、 scattered around and setting off the nation exhibition hall. Characterized b</p><p>　　2. Dominating the World Expo Boulevard</p><p>　　The site for the China Pavilion is of an irregular shape. A

12、ccording to the original design, the main entrance is located a little noth by west to meet the requirements of city road planning. Later, we adjusted the original design scheme by drawing upon the characteristics of tra

13、ditional Chinese city layout and taking the practical facters into account. In the overall layout design, we integrated and coordinated the plans of the greens located in the north and south in light of the local conditi

14、o</p><p>　　3. A crown symbolizing the Chinese nation</p><p>　　With rich Chinese elements, the China Pavilion, as the main building symbolizing traditional Chinese spirit, constitutes a noticeabl

15、e a noticeable presence in the huge site of World Epxo.Magnificent and graceful, it conveys the image of a solid sculpture. A symbol building with extraordinary contour design, it kindles the imagination of those who are

16、 enchanted by the pround Chinese culture and is labeled as “a gorgeous crown”,“an ample barn”,“a Chinese utensil”,“a huge network”,“a space of bliss</p><p>　　4. A modern interpretation of the traditional str

17、ucture</p><p>　　Wooden frame is an element of traditional Chinese architecture, which inspired us a lot in our preparation of the design scheme. Bracket is adopted in our design of the China Pavilion to refl

18、ect the culture elemens contained in the traditional Chinese architecture. The spatial formation of the Cina Pavilion is basised architecture. The spatial formation of the China Pavilion is based upon the building rules

19、of the traditional Chinese wooden architecture.Whith the introduction of the modern eleme</p><p>　　5. New Jiu Zhou Qing Yan, acollection of Chinese landscape</p><p>　　The roof-top garden of the

20、regional pavilion, named “New Jiu Zhou Qing Yan”,ismodeled after the formation of Jiu Zhou Qing Yan(the nine clear and quiet islands),a scenery in the Old Summer Palace(Yuan Ming Yuan),inheriting the Chinese traditional

21、of”building a garden with a garden”. The nine islands encircled by clear water symbolize the vastness of Chinese territory while the sceneries on these island represent magnificent Chinese mountains and rivers. Standing

22、14 meters above ground, the “New </p><p>　　6. The seal characters decoding the Chinese culture and history</p><p>　　In the design of China Pavilion, we make artful Chinese seal characters to cre

23、ate a special facade effect. There are 31 ventilation holes in each of four facades facing east, south, west and north respectively and each ventilation hole is designed as a red seal. For example, the ventilation hole o

24、pend on the metal plate of the east facaed is design as the Chinese seal character“dong”which means “east”. As for the China regional pavilion, the exterior wails are designed with seal characters compo</p><p&

25、gt;　　7. China red, a color symbolic of “harmonious coexistence of” differents</p><p>　　For Chinese people, the red color symbolizes” enthusiasm, progress and unity”, which is the very character of the Chines

26、e nation. That is also the classical interpretation of the concept of “red color”. To reflect the unique charms of the China Pavilion, we boldly of aesthetic meanings in different historical backgrounds. In addition, the

27、 use of red color in large area, the visual distence and angle,plus the human visual illusions, all posed big challenges for the architects who desided to paint</p><p>　　8. Modern technologies making China P

28、avilion environment-friendly</p><p>　　Making the China Pavilion environment-friendly is a conceot running through the whole process from designing to the completion of the construction. The crown shaped roof

29、 forms a self-shading tilation system. According to the tests made by the observers throughout the year,in summer there is not a single ray of sunshine entering the Pavilion, while in winter the sunshine can stream into

30、the Pavilion for over 6 hours a day.In addition, thanks to the classical elevated struture,the Pavilion has ve</p><p>　　We are gratified to see that so many people are eager to visit the China Pavilion afte

31、r the opening ceremony of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai was held. During the past three years ,the designers, architects and engineers from Guangzhou,Beijingand Shanghai who participated in the design and construction of

32、the China Pavilion overcame all kinds of difficulties and finally created such a brilliant building. Although they came from different places, these designers ,architects and engineers bore in t</p><p><b

33、>　　中 國(guó) 館</b></p><p><b>　　何敬堂</b></p><p>　　當(dāng)你步入上海世博園的南大門(mén)，一個(gè)體量巨大的紅色建筑會(huì)立刻映入你的眼簾，這就是中國(guó)館。很多人第一眼看到他都會(huì)情不自禁的去想象它像什么，有人說(shuō)它像一個(gè)中國(guó)式的帽子，也有人說(shuō)這分明就是一個(gè)青銅器鼎……而在我們心中，它一直秉承著中國(guó)特色，故意新風(fēng)，扛鼎之勢(shì)，意喻崛起的中

34、華名族；巨斗之形，又似天下糧倉(cāng)，象征著百姓富庶。每次來(lái)到這里，面對(duì)著凝聚中華民族智慧的東方之冠，希望它能帶給中國(guó)人自豪與自信，并讓2010上海世博會(huì)成為世界里始終難忘的一頁(yè)。</p><p><b>　　設(shè)計(jì)理念與定位</b></p><p>　　中國(guó)館面對(duì)“城市發(fā)展中的中華智慧”的文化主題，既要包含中國(guó)元素，展現(xiàn)中國(guó)精神，體現(xiàn)博大精深的中國(guó)文化，又要順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流，與

35、時(shí)俱進(jìn)，表達(dá)當(dāng)今時(shí)代特色和科技成就?！爸袊?guó)特色、時(shí)代精神”是中國(guó)館建筑創(chuàng)作的兩個(gè)基本定位，同時(shí)也是中國(guó)館的設(shè)計(jì)理念和主題。</p><p>　　中國(guó)館的設(shè)計(jì)，傳承著中國(guó)國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的和諧哲學(xué)思想，從中國(guó)的“文化符號(hào)”、國(guó)寶級(jí)鼎冠文物造型，以及中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的城市、建筑、和園林中，領(lǐng)會(huì)、提煉、整合，通過(guò)現(xiàn)代材料、技術(shù)和環(huán)保理念， ，以現(xiàn)代建筑的空間立體構(gòu)成手法形成“東方之冠”的建筑造型，表達(dá)中國(guó)文化與時(shí)代精神。</p&g

36、t;<p><b>　　東方之冠解讀</b></p><p>　　天人合一 盛世和諧</p><p>　　國(guó)家館架空升起，居中矗立，向上展開(kāi)的層層懸挑，有一種振翅飛翔，御風(fēng)而上的動(dòng)感，又猶如敞開(kāi)的剛勁懷抱，擁抱天空，呈開(kāi)放包容之態(tài)；四組巨柱托起上部展廳所形成的巨構(gòu)空間成為一個(gè)提升人類精神的體驗(yàn)場(chǎng)所。地區(qū)館則水平展開(kāi)，柔性而親民，以其舒適而堅(jiān)實(shí)的基座形態(tài)

37、，已大地之勢(shì)，映襯著國(guó)家館。國(guó)家館關(guān)于地區(qū)館主從呼應(yīng)，天地交泰，萬(wàn)物咸亨，隱喻了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)天人合一的哲學(xué)思想，展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化對(duì)理想人居社會(huì)環(huán)境的憧憬。</p><p>　　經(jīng)緯網(wǎng)絡(luò) 主軸統(tǒng)領(lǐng)</p><p>　　中國(guó)管的設(shè)計(jì)場(chǎng)地為不規(guī)則形狀，原方案為了迎合城市道路，主入口位于西略偏北方，在后來(lái)的方案調(diào)整中，因時(shí)就地，整合南北綠地，協(xié)調(diào)并凸顯了世博園區(qū)的規(guī)劃主軸線，是中國(guó)館擔(dān)當(dāng)起坐北朝南

38、、縱橫建構(gòu)、主軸統(tǒng)領(lǐng)的主角，形成了壯觀而完整的城市空間序列和獨(dú)一無(wú)二的標(biāo)志性建筑群體，深刻的闡述了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)典的城市布局和經(jīng)典傳統(tǒng)建筑的智慧。</p><p>　　斗冠鼎器 華夏意象</p><p>　　國(guó)家館聚集了中國(guó)元素，象征中國(guó)精神造型的主體在廣闊的園區(qū)里非常醒目，具有一種堅(jiān)實(shí)而空靈的雕塑感，雄偉壯麗，氣度雍容；其很強(qiáng)的標(biāo)志性和不同凡響的外觀，讓公眾對(duì)浩若滄海的華夏文化的神迷，對(duì)其

39、建筑起各種聯(lián)想:“花冠高崇”、“天下糧倉(cāng)”、“中國(guó)器”、“經(jīng)緯網(wǎng)絡(luò)”、“福蔭空間”、“中國(guó)舞臺(tái)”……四柱之間的空間增建了通透感，挑空的33m形成巨大的空間，增加了建筑的通透感、公共性與開(kāi)放型，與廣場(chǎng)的連接有增強(qiáng)了它的平民化 。其立面諸多層次，非常豐富，為與光、影的變化以及與大自然的對(duì)話留下了足夠的空間。</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)構(gòu)架 現(xiàn)代演繹 </p><p>　　中國(guó)的建筑一直以來(lái)

40、延續(xù)著木構(gòu)架的做法，這種構(gòu)架方法是我們?cè)诜桨鸽A段就受到很大啟示。借鑒了傳統(tǒng)建筑中的料栱形式，國(guó)家冠以整體大氣的斗冠造型體現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)建筑的文化元素。國(guó)家館的空間形式構(gòu)成抽象于中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)木構(gòu)架的營(yíng)建法則，以縱橫穿插的現(xiàn)代的立體構(gòu)成方式生成一個(gè)邏輯清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密、層層懸挑的三維立體空間造型體系，它將傳統(tǒng)的曲線拉直，傳統(tǒng)建筑構(gòu)件的繁復(fù)度大大降低，直線構(gòu)成平穩(wěn)穩(wěn)重，建筑語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練而直率，整體大氣，在繼承傳統(tǒng)建造思想的同時(shí)展現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)代工程技術(shù)之美。<

41、;/p><p>　　九州清晏 園林粹集</p><p>　　地區(qū)館屋頂花園立意于圓明園九州景區(qū)之形制，繼承已“九州清晏”為代表的中國(guó)“園中園”似的集萃園林傳統(tǒng)，以碧水環(huán)繞的九個(gè)島嶼象征疆土之廣褒,以分布于其上的不同景觀代表山河之瑰麗。“新九州清晏”高出地面14m，面積約2.7㎡，在世博會(huì)會(huì)期里主要用于人流集散，在世博會(huì)后成為公共休息場(chǎng)所。作為中國(guó)館主體的國(guó)家館位居“新九州”之首，以“雍”命名

42、，取“和諧”、“本”、“宗”之意；其他八洲依地勢(shì)和和氣候分別為“田”、“澤”、“漁”、“脊”、“林”、“旬”、“壑”、“漠”，這些都是中華大地上的典型氣候及地貌景觀。</p><p>　　疊篆文字 傳承轉(zhuǎn)譯</p><p>　　中國(guó)館設(shè)計(jì)巧妙地采用中國(guó)古代中國(guó)的九疊篆刻，在外立面做出了很有特色的材料肌理。國(guó)家館的通風(fēng)洞是我們最滿意的設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)節(jié)。我們利用每個(gè)通風(fēng)洞設(shè)計(jì)了一枚紅色的圖章，四個(gè)立

43、面各設(shè)31個(gè)通風(fēng)洞，按照東南西北的方向分別設(shè)計(jì)。在洞口的金屬板材上，東面就設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)九疊篆的“東”字，南面就設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)九疊篆的“南”字。地區(qū)館建筑外墻則利用金屬百葉有規(guī)律的拼合方式，模擬鐫刻出由二十四節(jié)氣名稱組成的疊轉(zhuǎn)體文字，是中華人文歷史地理信息的文明密碼得到傳承轉(zhuǎn)譯。</p><p>　　中國(guó)之紅 和而不同</p><p>　　“中國(guó)紅”象征著“熱忱、奮進(jìn)、團(tuán)結(jié)”的民族品格，可以視為對(duì)“

44、紅色”概念的經(jīng)典詮釋。為了體現(xiàn)中國(guó)光的獨(dú)特魅力，我們的方案大膽地嘗試了在建筑領(lǐng)域極少使用的中國(guó)紅。紅色在不同的歷史時(shí)空中呈現(xiàn)出多元的審美表達(dá)，同時(shí)大面積的紅色再加視覺(jué)距離、角度、以及人眼的視覺(jué)錯(cuò)覺(jué)給為中國(guó)館披上紅外衣的建筑是提出極大的難題。經(jīng)過(guò)各行專家的參與和長(zhǎng)達(dá)九個(gè)月的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)，中國(guó)館的紅最終以有微差的四種紅組成莊重、大氣的整體效果，出挑梁的端口上所設(shè)置的風(fēng)口為紅色印章，以“和而不同”的整體表達(dá)延伸“中國(guó)紅”的內(nèi)涵，并由上到下通過(guò)漸變

45、的手法由深到淺，以增加建筑整體的層次感與空間感。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)代科技 綠色環(huán)保</p><p>　　綠色環(huán)保的理念從建筑設(shè)計(jì)的開(kāi)始至建筑完工貫穿始終。國(guó)家館的斗冠造型使之成為自遮陽(yáng)體系，據(jù)觀察這一年四季的測(cè)試：在夏季，沒(méi)有一絲陽(yáng)光射入室內(nèi)，而在冬季，有6個(gè)小時(shí)以上的陽(yáng)光照射進(jìn)入室內(nèi)； 而且由于它是經(jīng)典的中國(guó)式架空構(gòu)架體系，自然通風(fēng)非常好很適合在夏季炎熱的上海作為世博會(huì)的展館。我

46、們的設(shè)計(jì)同時(shí)也采用了很多節(jié)能環(huán)保的技術(shù)，比如中國(guó)館屋頂是由綠色屋面和太陽(yáng)能光伏板構(gòu)成，既生態(tài)環(huán)保，同時(shí)能解決一部分用電的問(wèn)題：整個(gè)建筑采用雨水回收技術(shù)，解決部分自身用水的問(wèn)題;；地面采用環(huán)保用磚，可以將雨水滲入地下；能源管理體系配有智能化中央控制空調(diào)機(jī)房，有利于節(jié)能……這些節(jié)能環(huán)保體系既傳承我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑技術(shù)的精髓，又力求體現(xiàn)我國(guó)在建筑領(lǐng)域環(huán)保方面的最新科技。</p><p>　　看到世博會(huì)開(kāi)幕后，人們卻越參觀中國(guó)

47、館的場(chǎng)景，我們感到十分欣慰。在設(shè)計(jì)中國(guó)館的三年時(shí)間里，參與中國(guó)館設(shè)計(jì)的和施工工作的廣州、北京、上海三地的建筑師和工程師團(tuán)結(jié)一心，懷揣高度的歷史責(zé)任感，匯聚全國(guó)之力，克服了種種困難，成就了這樣一個(gè)輝煌的建筑；中國(guó)館的經(jīng)典形象和開(kāi)放包容的現(xiàn)代姿態(tài)與時(shí)代民族精神高度契合，體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)的特質(zhì)，同時(shí)成為上海國(guó)際大都會(huì)一個(gè)新的標(biāo)志建筑。在在長(zhǎng)達(dá)半年的世博會(huì)期間，中國(guó)館的展示還將為遠(yuǎn)在世界各國(guó)的全球華人點(diǎn)燃心中的希望之光，在世博文化這種海納百川的文化里