單片機(jī)外文翻譯----at89c51單片機(jī)控制的恒溫水域溫控系統(tǒng)

1、<p>　　AT89C51 single-chip temperature-controlled water temperature control system </p><p>　　Early contact thermometers for chemical water temperature thermostat shortcomings, this paper introduces an ap

2、proach based on AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer-based controller, combined with integrated temperature sensor AD590J composed of constant temperature water temperature control system. </p><p>　　Chemical, c

3、hemical experiments and research on water temperature requirements of high performance and accuracy, the current market face chemistry, chemical experiments and study the high price of heated water systems. In this paper

4、, the design of single-chip component AT89C51 from the temperature control system for people with low-cost, high precision, intelligent control, etc.</p><p>　　The water temperature of the performance indicat

5、ors are: Temperature range: 0 ~ 1O0 ℃; temperature range: 0 ~ 99.9 ℃; temperature: 0.4 ℃; heating power: 1000W. </p><p>　　Part of the hardware circuit </p><p>　　AT89C51 selected as the system CP

6、U, it is a low-power, high performance, 4kB flash chip programmable / erasable read-only memory 8-bit microcontroller COMS. </p><p>　　Block diagram of the system AT89C51 single-chip by chip, IO expansion por

7、t 8255 chip, 8032 chip digital-to-analog conversion, analog-to-digital conversion chip 0809, keyboard control, status indication circuit, sampling circuit temperature thermostat control circuit, driver circuit and displa

8、y circuit, such as group into.</p><p>　　1.1 temperature sampling circuit </p><p>　　Temperature sampling circuit using AD590 current-mode temperature-sensitive device of its stability and lineari

9、ty are better. When in AD590 for the current 273.2uA, temperature increase 1℃, the current increase in 1uA. The current is converted to voltage signal by analog-to-digital converter ADC0809, AT89C51 single-chip temperatu

10、re monitoring and conversion. One resistor R measurement using a low temperature coefficient of resistance, temperature coefficient of 10 x l0_6 / ℃. When monitoring the</p><p>　　1.2 thermostat control circu

11、it </p><p>　　Constant temperature control circuit from heating thermostat temperature setting and the composition of the two parts of the circuit. The thermostat circuit settings temperature to provide the w

12、orking conditions of the heating circuit, the circuit set by the keyboard combination of software programming to achieve common. In addition to each button and set the IO port connected to 8255, but also through a door w

13、ith the AT89C51 and T0 timer connected so that when the button is depressed immediatel</p><p>　　1.3 Drive Circuit </p><p>　　When the 8255 high output corresponding IO port, the drive transistor

14、turn-on 9013, so that the relay action, in order to drive the work of the relevant circuit. Significant choice for a show so that the display to choose between the "settings" and "measurement". </p

15、><p>　　1.4 Keyboard control and status indication circuit </p><p>　　With the 8255 connected to the IO port 8 and 9 LED button to complete the common waters of the control thermostat and the instruc

16、tions state. In addition to each button with the 8255 connected to the IO port, but also with AT89C51 it connected the timer so that when the button is depressed immediately after the interruption of AT89C51 applications

17、, and query the status of 8255 in order to carry out the functions of the corresponding control. 1.5 shows the circuit Display circuit using a half the</p><p>　　2 Software design </p><p>　　Skele

18、ton of the software, contains initialization, configuration subroutine, subroutines to deal with temperature, showing subroutine. Completion of system initialization after power-on reset 8255 and software initialization

19、and pre-heated water for the water to wait for work, and open the inlet solenoid valve, when the corresponding button press interrupted when AT89C51, read 8255 the status of the population to determine the function keys

20、in order to call the corresponding subroutine. Subrouti</p><p>　　2.1 The use of Pro / E to establish mold standard parts library Family </p><p>　　Pro/E is part of the family table (or assembly,

21、or the characteristics of) a collection of these parts (or assembly or characteristics) are broadly similar, but in 12 some small differences, for example, fastening screws Hexagon many kinds of specifications, but they

22、seem to be like and to implement the same function, so in the Pro / E in them as a part family is a very useful table in the family the same as a table-driven components parts to be identified. In Pro / E use group table

23、 has the fol</p><p>　　1) simple and compact to create and store a large number of objects.</p><p>　　2) For the generation of standard parts to save a great deal of time and work.</p><

24、p>　　3) parts from a series of documents to generate change, do not have to re-create and generate for each part.</p><p>　　4) In the parts to create tiny changes in the relationship do not have to use to c

25、hange the model.</p><p>　　Table feature allows three-dimensional mold standard parts library and standard library mold the development and use of things become very easy. The following guide to commonly used

26、 as an example to create a lead-chu-chu series of standard parts. First, Pro / E in the completion of the three-dimensional modeling guide column, and the need to change the size parameters defined as symbols. To mark th

27、e size of symbol table for the family members did not indicate the size of the features of a non-ch</p><p>　　2.2 The use of Pro / E to establish the standard mold base library </p><p>　　In the u

28、se of Pro / E to establish the mold standard parts library, in order to further improve the efficiency of die design, quality and standardization, it is necessary to consider the establishment of standard mold base libra

29、ry, the following discussion of how to use Pro / E to establish the standard mold base. The establishment of standard mold base the first thing to consider is the business of processing capacity punching equipment, punch

30、ing equipment to the processing capacity as well as </p><p>　　Taking full account of this, pressing equipment and typical performance parameters under the premise of stamping parts, you can use the same solu

31、tion to create a standard mold base.</p><p>　　3 Conclusion </p><p>　　At present, some colleges and universities as a result of provincial funding in the strained devices, laboratory equipment, m

32、ore backward, in chemistry and chemical engineering laboratories still use a contact thermometer to control water temperature. In order to overcome the factors that a lot of inconvenience to the original based on the old

33、 thermostat has been designed transformation of waters. Proved by the use of the design，to meet the current chemistry, chemical engineering and research ne</p><p>　　AT89C51單片機(jī)控制的恒溫水域溫控系統(tǒng)</p><p>

34、　　針對(duì)化工早期接點(diǎn)溫度計(jì)恒溫水域控溫存在的缺點(diǎn)，本文介紹了一種基于AT89C51單片機(jī)為主控制器，結(jié)合AD590J集成溫度傳感器等組成的恒溫水域溫控系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　化學(xué)、化工實(shí)驗(yàn)及其研究對(duì)恒溫水域的性能及精度要求很高，而目前市場(chǎng)上面對(duì)化學(xué)、化工實(shí)驗(yàn)及研究的恒溫水域系統(tǒng)價(jià)格很高。本文設(shè)計(jì)的由AT89C51單片機(jī)組成的溫控系統(tǒng)具有成本投人低，精度高、智能控制等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。該恒溫水域的性能指標(biāo)為：溫控范圍：0～

35、IO0℃；溫度設(shè)定范圍：0～99.9℃；溫差：0．4℃；加熱功率：1000W 。</p><p><b>　　1、硬件電路部分</b></p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)選用AT89C51作為CPU，它是一種低功耗、高性能、片內(nèi)4kB快閃可編程／擦除只讀存儲(chǔ)器的8位COMS微控制器。</p><p>　　該系統(tǒng)框圖由AT89C51單片機(jī)芯片、IO口擴(kuò)展

36、芯片8255、數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換芯片8032、模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換芯片0809、鍵盤控制、狀態(tài)指示電路、溫控采樣電路恒溫控制電路、驅(qū)動(dòng)電路和顯示電路等組成。</p><p><b>　　溫度采樣電路</b></p><p>　　溫度采樣電路采用了AD590電流型溫度敏感型器件其穩(wěn)定度和線性度均較好。在0~C時(shí)AD590的電流為273.2uA，溫度每增加1℃ ，電流增加1uA。該電流轉(zhuǎn)換為電

37、壓信號(hào)，通過模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換ADC0809、AT89C51單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度的監(jiān)測(cè)和轉(zhuǎn)換。其中電阻R采用低溫度系數(shù)計(jì)量電阻，溫度系數(shù)為10×l0_6／℃。當(dāng)被監(jiān)測(cè)溫度為lO0℃時(shí)在該電阻上產(chǎn)生約18．66V的電壓，當(dāng)溫度為0℃時(shí)在該電阻上產(chǎn)生約13．66V的電壓，即在溫度為0～1O0℃在電阻上產(chǎn)生的壓降差為5v。但當(dāng)溫度為0℃時(shí)解調(diào)電位器使IC2輸出端為OV，當(dāng)1O0℃時(shí)IC2輸出端為5v，在恒溫水域的水槽內(nèi)安裝三只AD590，分別位于水

38、槽上中下各部分，用其監(jiān)測(cè)水槽的溫場(chǎng)變化，以便控制攪拌電機(jī)工作，保證水槽的溫度均勻。</p><p>　　1．2 恒溫控制電路</p><p>　　恒溫控制電路由溫度設(shè)定和恒溫加熱兩部分電路組成。溫度設(shè)定電路為恒溫加熱電路提供工作條件，由鍵盤設(shè)定電路結(jié)合軟件編程來共同實(shí)現(xiàn)。每一個(gè)設(shè)定按鍵除與8255的IO 口相連外，還通過一個(gè)與門與AT89C51的定時(shí)器T0相連，以便當(dāng)按鍵按下后立即向AT8

39、9C51申請(qǐng)中斷，查詢8255口狀態(tài)，同時(shí)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的功能控制。其中設(shè)定量是由設(shè)定鍵鍵入并經(jīng)AT89C51、D／A轉(zhuǎn)換的電壓模擬量，測(cè)量是AD590的檢測(cè)信號(hào)經(jīng)過AT89C51、D／A轉(zhuǎn)換提供的模擬量，IC3構(gòu)成比較放大器，IC4構(gòu)成比例放大器，BG1、BG2、T構(gòu)成可控硅導(dǎo)通角控制電路，單結(jié)晶體管振蕩電路的頻率越低，可控硅的導(dǎo)通時(shí)間越短加熱功率越小，相反則高。而單結(jié)晶體管的振蕩頻率受比例放大器輸出電壓控制，AT89C51單片機(jī)通過溫度設(shè)

40、定值與溫度采樣值比較后的差值，經(jīng)比較放大后產(chǎn)生隨溫度變化的電壓值來調(diào)解可控硅的導(dǎo)通角，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)加熱功率的調(diào)節(jié)，滿足了恒溫水域的恒溫要求。</p><p><b>　　1.3 驅(qū)動(dòng)電路</b></p><p>　　當(dāng)8255相應(yīng)IO口輸出高電平時(shí)，驅(qū)動(dòng)三極管9013導(dǎo)通，使繼電器動(dòng)作，從而驅(qū)動(dòng)相關(guān)電路工作。顯示選擇用于使顯示器在“設(shè)定值”和“測(cè)量值”之間選擇顯示。&

41、lt;/p><p>　　1.4 鍵盤控制和狀態(tài)指示電路</p><p>　　與8255的IO口相連的8個(gè)按鍵和9個(gè)LED共同完成恒溫水域的控制功能和狀態(tài)指示。其中每個(gè)按鍵除與8255的IO口相連外，還通過與AT89C51的定時(shí)器喲口相連，以便當(dāng)按鍵按下后立即AT89C51申請(qǐng)中斷，并查詢8255口狀態(tài)，以便進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的功能控制。</p><p>　　1.5 顯示電路

42、</p><p>　　顯示電路采用一塊4位半數(shù)字表頭來顯示恒溫水域內(nèi)的測(cè)量溫度和設(shè)定溫度值。</p><p><b>　　2、 軟件設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　軟件部分主要包括初始化、設(shè)定子程序、恒溫處理子程序、顯示子程序。初始化完成系統(tǒng)加電后對(duì)8255的復(fù)位和軟件的初始化并將恒溫水域預(yù)置為等待進(jìn)水工作狀態(tài)，打開進(jìn)水電磁閥，當(dāng)有鍵按下時(shí)A

43、T89C51相應(yīng)中斷，讀取8255的口狀態(tài)，判斷按鍵的功能，以便調(diào)用相應(yīng)的子程序。其中設(shè)定子程序完成溫度的設(shè)定功能。先進(jìn)行初始化設(shè)定，當(dāng)選擇設(shè)定鍵并確定加減操作后每按一下設(shè)定鍵軟件就對(duì)溫度設(shè)定值進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的加減計(jì)數(shù)操作，并將該值進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)和顯示。恒溫處理子程序的作用是將設(shè)定的溫度值進(jìn)行比較，并將該差值送給可控硅觸發(fā)電路進(jìn)行加熱恒溫控制。</p><p>　　2.1 利用Pro／E建立模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件庫</p>

44、<p>　　Pm／E的族表是零件(或裝配或特征)的集合，這些零件(或裝配或特征)基本上是相似的，但在一兩處有些微小的差別，例如，內(nèi)六角緊固螺釘有許多種規(guī)格，但它們看來是相象的并執(zhí)行同樣的功能，因此在Pro／E中把它們作為零件族是非常有用的，在族表中的零件同樣作為表驅(qū)動(dòng)零件被識(shí)別。在Pro／E中使用族表有以下幾點(diǎn)好處：</p><p>　　1)簡單緊湊地創(chuàng)建和存儲(chǔ)大量對(duì)象。</p><

45、;p>　　2)對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的生成節(jié)約了大量的時(shí)間和工作。</p><p>　　3)從一個(gè)零件文件生成系列變化，不必重新創(chuàng)建和生成每個(gè)零件。</p><p>　　4)在零件上創(chuàng)建微小的變化，不必使用關(guān)系去改變模型。</p><p>　　族表功能使三維模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件庫及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫的建立和使用成為很方便的事情。下面以常用的導(dǎo)柱為例來建立導(dǎo)柱系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件。首先在Pro／E 中

46、完成導(dǎo)柱的三維造型，并把需要變化的尺寸定義為參數(shù)符號(hào)。以符號(hào)標(biāo)注的尺寸為族表成員，未標(biāo)出的尺寸的特征為非變化的，依附于其它特征而存在。族表實(shí)質(zhì)上是由行和列構(gòu)成的展開表，可以使用Pro／TABLE去創(chuàng)建和修改。這里包含了實(shí)例和它們適當(dāng)?shù)闹担袆t被具體項(xiàng)目使用。類屬模型未在族表中被包含的項(xiàng)目在每個(gè)實(shí)例中會(huì)根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)意圖自動(dòng)生成，族表的另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是不論創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新表還是修改一個(gè)已有的表，都可以向表中添加項(xiàng)目。運(yùn)用上述方法。各企業(yè)可以根據(jù)模具設(shè)計(jì)需

47、要建立自己的三維模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件庫。</p><p>　　2.2 利用Pro／E建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫</p><p>　　在利用Pro／E建立了模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件庫后，為了進(jìn)一步提高模具設(shè)計(jì)效率、質(zhì)量和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度，有必要考慮建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫，下面討論如何利用Pro／E建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫。建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫首先要考慮的是本企業(yè)沖壓設(shè)備的加工能力，以各沖壓設(shè)備的加工能力以及設(shè)備工作臺(tái)面為依據(jù)考慮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架的形式，實(shí)用性和通用

48、性會(huì)更高一些。在三維模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件庫已經(jīng)建立的前提下，建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架要方便和快捷得多。首先要進(jìn)入Pro／ASSMBLY 配備模式下工作，與建立零件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件族類似，具體操作路徑為：ASSMBLY(組件)--Family Tab(族表 add-item(增加項(xiàng)目))-- Component(元件)，然后選擇在裝配中要發(fā)生變化的零件或部件作為裝配族表的項(xiàng)目，而在裝配族中不需要變化的(例如緊固件)則不必選取。在裝配實(shí)例中按所約定的裝配關(guān)系自動(dòng)生成。其它

49、的如彎曲模架、拉伸模架。在充分考慮本沖壓設(shè)備性能參數(shù)和典型沖壓件的前提下，都可以用同樣的解決方案來建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫。</p><p><b>　　3、結(jié)束語</b></p><p>　　目前，部分省屬高校由于設(shè)備經(jīng)費(fèi)較緊張、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備較落后，化學(xué)化工實(shí)驗(yàn)室仍使用著接點(diǎn)溫度計(jì)控制恒溫水域。為克服其諸多不便因素，在原基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)老式恒溫水域進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)改造。經(jīng)使用證明該設(shè)計(jì)滿足了目