中英文翻譯---智能ic卡燃氣表中的應用

1、<p>　　INTELLECTUAL IC CARD GAS METER IMPLEMENTATION</p><p>　　Author and Presenter: Matthew, Kerry Ray IC card reader Acoustical Society of America Journal, Volume 111, Issue4, pp. 1516-1516

2、 (2002).</p><p>　　As the development of the worldwide computer and information technology, the global information era has come. Every country is taking actions for its development in high technology fields.

3、Chinese government is also dedicating itself to build an information-based national economy; while application projects represented by "Gold Card Project" speeds up our pace in moving towards international econ

4、omic integration. As the representative of "Gold Card Project", IC technology is no doubt the most ex</p><p>　　IC card natural gas meter is a new-style gas meter developed in recent several years,

5、consisting of metered sensor circuit, MCU of low power consumption, valve of low power consumption, voltage testing circuit, circuit of guarding against gas theft, flow monitoring circuit, and so on. Compared with the tr

6、aditional involucra gas meter, more functions such as accurate counting, transmission medium function of intellectual card, automatic processing of the valve, illegal operation processing, under</p><p>　　Sta

7、tistics in recent years indicates that the domestic safety and precaution products develop rapidly at a compound annual growth rate of 20%-30%. The cumulative annual production value of safety and precaution products is

8、30-40 billion. Take Beijing area as an example, the absorption of safety and precaution market was just 0.5 billion in 1996 and 0.625 billion in 1997, while in 1998 the popularization of finance networking made the absor

9、ption of market soar to 1.36 billion and in 1999 it was 0</p><p>　　This document aims to prompt the application of SPMC65 family MCU so that Sunplus 8-bit MCU can reinforce the development of domestic safety

10、 and precaution industry.</p><p>　　System Introduction</p><p>　　The intellectual IC card gas meter is composed of a power supply circuit, an IC card read/write circuit, a microcontroller, a cont

11、rol valve, a displaying module, and a battery box position detector.</p><p>　　When inserting an IC card with purchased gas volume (in the form of encryption value) into the meter, the meter will open the val

12、ve and begin gas supply under the electric control system. If a meter unit runs out, the meter circuit will issue a serial group of metered pulse wave with uniform period. If the pulse sequence is proved to be valid by t

13、he electric control system, a metered unit will be detracted from the volume and the LCD module will display the surplus volume. Normally, the control </p><p>　　Smart Card Interface Standard - ISO 7816 is an

14、 international standard that describes the interface requirements for contact-type smart cards.These standards have multiple parts. For instance, part 1, 2 and 3 are applicable to card readers For instance, part 1, 2 and

15、 3 are applicable to card readers For instance, part 1, 2 and 3 are applicable to card readers.</p><p>　　Part 1 defines the physical characteristics of the card</p><p>　　Part 2 defines dimension

16、 and location of smart card chip contacts</p><p>　　Part 3 defines the electronic signals and transmission protocols of the card. Card readers may be referred to as conforming to ISO 7816 1/2/3, or in its sim

17、plified term, ISO 7816.</p><p>　　Driver - This refers to the software used by the operating system (OS) of a PC for managing a smart card and applicable card reader. To read a smart ID card, the driver of th

18、e card reader must be PC/SC compliant which is supported by most card reader products currently available. It should be noted that different OS would require different drivers. In acquiring card readers, the compatibilit

19、y between the driver and the OS has to be determined and ensured. Smart card readers are also used as smar</p><p>　　The reader provides a path for your application to send and receive commands from the card

20、.There are many types of readers available, such as serial, IC card, and standard keyboard models .Unfortunately , the ISO group was unable to provide a standard for communicating with the readers so there is no one-size

21、-fits-all approach to smart card communication。Each manufacturer provides a different protocol for communication with the reaEach manufacturer provides a different protocol for communicatio</p><p>　　Battery

22、Voltage & Battery Box Position Detection Circuit and The LCD and The Acousto-optic Alarming Circuit</p><p>　　If the battery voltage is lower than the required, an alarm will be generated from both the d

23、isplaying circuit and the alarm circuit to prompt users to replace with new batteries. To secure system power supply, the current circuit carries out high sensitive detection to find the position of the battery box. When

24、 the box is pulled open, the circuit outputs data in low level, and the micro-controller is going to close the control valve. The control valve is opened automatically after the battery b</p><p>　　The LCD di

25、splays the following information： low voltage, purchased volume, valve state, card error, surplus volume. The acousto-optic alarm is controlled by the microcontroller and composed of an LED and a buzzer.</p><p

26、>　　Device FeatureSPMC65P2404A, an industrial 8-bit micro-controller of Sunplus, provides powerful features for driving the gas meter. · Sunplus 8-bit micro-controller - 182 instructions- 11 addressing modes-

27、 Operation frequency： 8M Hz☉B(tài)it operation instructions (Set, Clear, Inverse, Test)· Two 8- bit programmable Timer/Counter (auto initialization)- General purpose Timer/Counter- 8-bit capture mode- 8-bit compare

28、mode· Two 16-bit programmable Timer/Counter (auto initialization)☉General </p><p>　　The matching software is designed to fully carry out the following functions and therefore meets the requirement of

29、intellectual IC card gas meter：· To read and write information· To judge IC card type · To judge the metering signal and to process data· To detect voltage· To protect powerIn addition, per

30、formances about signal safety, software reliability, and anti-interference ability are highly improved in the software design.</p><p>　　With the development of science and technology, the prepaid IC card is

31、becoming more and more popular. The intellectual IC card gas meter is designed based on the idea of the integration of the machine and electron. Featured by distinctive design, high reliability, high signal resolving pow

32、er, precise measurement, easy installation, simple operation, the intellectual IC card gas meter is likely to have a promising market prospect.</p><p><b>　　附錄 B </b></p><p><b>

33、;　　中文譯文</b></p><p>　　智能IC卡燃氣表中的應用</p><p>　　作者和主編：馬休，克里雷 IC卡讀卡器 美國社會期刊 第111卷，第4期， 1516至1516頁( 2002年) </p><p>　　隨著世界計算機技術(shù)和信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，全球的信息時代已來臨，各國都在高科技領域制訂適合自己的發(fā)展道路，我國政府正在致力于國民經(jīng)濟信息

34、化的建設，以“金卡工程”為代表的信息化應用工程使我們加速向全球經(jīng)濟一體化邁進。作為金卡工程的代表，IC技術(shù)無疑是當今世界最優(yōu)秀應用技術(shù)。它從早期的投幣式，過渡到磁卡式，直到現(xiàn)在的IC卡式。IC卡即智能卡，又稱集成電路卡，它將一個集成電路芯片鑲嵌于塑料基片中，封裝成卡的形式，其外形與覆蓋磁條的磁卡相似，開發(fā)IC卡技術(shù)的主要目的是實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)金支付和存兌的電子化、減少現(xiàn)金的流通量、實現(xiàn)電子商務、實現(xiàn)公用事業(yè)預付費等。　　IC卡燃氣表是近十幾年發(fā)

35、展起來的新型燃氣表，一般由計量傳感器電路、微功耗單片機、微功耗閥門、電壓測試電路、防竊氣電路、流量監(jiān)測等部分組成。與傳統(tǒng)的皮膜式燃氣表相比，它更具備了精確記數(shù)功能、功能卡傳輸媒介功能、閥門自動處理功能、非法操作處理功能、欠壓處理功能、掉電處理功能、數(shù)據(jù)下載功能、數(shù)據(jù)顯示與聲音提示功能等。經(jīng)過廣大IC卡生產(chǎn)廠家多年的技術(shù)改進和革新，IC卡技術(shù)日益成熟，應用也越來越普及。IC卡燃氣表基本解決了氣費收費難的問題，同時，隨著時代的進步</

36、p><p>　　最近幾年統(tǒng)計數(shù)字顯示：國內(nèi)安防產(chǎn)品行業(yè)平均以20%-30%的年增長率迅速成長。安防市場的年產(chǎn)值為300-400億元。就北京地區(qū)來講，安防市場容量1996年為5億元，1997年6.25億元，1998年由于大力推行金融網(wǎng)建設激增至13.6億元，1999年9.2億元，近幾年則一直保持在10億元以上。由于奧運設施應在2006年以前基本建成，因此專家指出，在2004年到2005年安防市場將迎來總體高峰，對安防產(chǎn)

37、品制造、銷售和工程安裝都是不可多得的商機。</p><p>　　安防產(chǎn)品的網(wǎng)絡化和無線化是發(fā)達國家安防發(fā)展的方向，也將成為我國安防業(yè)的發(fā)展方向。目前已經(jīng)有很多產(chǎn)品實現(xiàn)了無線化，例如各種探測器、攝像機等，但是在技術(shù)上還不十分完善。安防網(wǎng)絡化則更具有戰(zhàn)略意義。安防行業(yè)的盈利模式要從目前的銷售和安裝轉(zhuǎn)向附加值更高的安防服務，網(wǎng)絡化是必由之路。由此可見，安防技術(shù)距離成熟還有很長的路要走。</p><p

38、>　　IC卡燃氣表的基本結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p>　　智能IC卡燃氣表的組成由電源電路、IC卡讀寫部分、單片機控制部分、閥門控制及顯示部分、電池電壓和位置檢測電路等組成。</p><p>　　當用戶將含有購氣量（以加密數(shù)值形式表示）的IC卡插入表內(nèi)時，控制閥在電控系統(tǒng)控制下開通氣路。用戶每用一個計量單位，計量電路便發(fā)出一組等周期計量脈沖序列，該脈沖序列如經(jīng)電控系統(tǒng)判定為有效，即可以已購

39、氣量中減去一個計量單位，并通過液晶模塊顯示表內(nèi)剩余氣量。當剩余氣量為零時，控制閥自動關(guān)閉，氣路即被切斷，此時用戶須重新持卡購氣。在正常情況下控制閥處于接通態(tài)，只有當特殊事件發(fā)生時控制閥才從接通態(tài)變?yōu)殛P(guān)閉態(tài)。從IC卡讀回來的信息，隨之存入EEPROM存儲器中，EEPROM存儲器I2C采用24C01芯片，該芯片可以在無電源狀態(tài)下長期可靠存儲系統(tǒng)內(nèi)重要數(shù)據(jù)，工作壽命可達106次。當用戶卡插入系統(tǒng)時，卡內(nèi)密碼、卡號、購氣量及用戶用氣記錄等關(guān)鍵數(shù)

40、據(jù)將以密文形式存儲在24C01芯片中。</p><p>　　To process a smart card the computer has to be equipped with a smart card reader possessing the following mandatory features:處理系統(tǒng)軟件的計算機還必須配備有一個IC卡讀卡器,它具有下列特點： </p><p&g

41、t;　　IC卡Smart Card Interface Standard - ISO 7816 is an international standard that describes the interface requirements for contact-type smart cards.ICIC 規(guī)格標準-ISO7816是一項國際標準,描述了接觸式智能卡的接口要求。These standards have multiple p

42、arts.這些標準有多個部分。For instance, part 1, 2 and 3 are applicable to card re 第1部分,第2部分和第3部分是IC卡的說明. Part 1 defines the physical characteristics of the card.第1部分規(guī)定了IC卡的物理特性. Part 2 defines dimension and location of smart card c

43、hip contacts.第2部分規(guī)定了智能卡芯片接觸點的位置。Part 3 defines the electronic si</p><p>　　Card readers may be referred to as conforming to ISO 7816 1/2/3, or in its simplified term, ISO Driver - This refers to the software

44、used by the operating system (OS) of a PC for managing a smart card and applicable card reader.借接口裝置--指的是智能卡適用讀卡器。To read a smart ID card, the driver of the card reader must be PC/SC compliant which is supported by most

45、card reader products currently available不同的操作系統(tǒng)需要不同的軟件。In acquiring card readers, the compatibility between the driver and the OS has to be determi</p><p>　　電池電壓檢測、電池盒位置檢測部分液晶顯示及聲光報警電路　　當電池盒中的供電電池的電壓小于正常工作電

46、壓時，系統(tǒng)會自動提示用戶要更換電池了，并且通過顯示電路和報警電路告之用戶；為有效保護系統(tǒng)電源，本電路可對電池盒位置進行高靈敏檢測。當電池盒被拉開時，保護電路輸出低電平，單片機監(jiān)測該信號后，即控制閥門使其關(guān)斷。直到電池安裝好并將電池盒推入表內(nèi)正常位置時，單片機才會再次控制閥門使重新開閥供氣。</p><p>　　液晶顯示電路可顯示欠壓、購氣、關(guān)閥、卡誤和氣量五種信息狀態(tài)及其任意組合。報警電路采用LED和蜂鳴器進行報

47、警，由單片機控制發(fā)出聲光報警。</p><p><b>　　芯片特性</b></p><p>　　該電路使用主控制芯片是凌陽公司的SPMC65P2404A。SPMC65P2404A是凌陽公司(Sunplus)推出的8位工業(yè)控制單片機，最高工作頻率為8MHz，工作電壓2.5V~5V，有192字節(jié)的RAM和4K字節(jié)的OTP ROM，有23個可編程IO口，內(nèi)置上/下拉電阻，

48、8通道10位A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器（100KHz），SPMC65P2404其他特性包括：　　◆凌陽科技8位單片機　　　　☉182條指令　　　　☉11種尋址模式　　　　☉支持位操作（Set ,Clear ,Inverse ,Test）　　◆2個8位可編程定時器/計數(shù)器(可自動預置初始計數(shù)值)　　　　☉普通的定時/計數(shù)器　　　　☉具有8位捕獲功能　　　　☉具有8位比較功能　　◆2個16位可編程定時器/計數(shù)器(可自動預置初始計數(shù)值)

49、　　　　☉普通的定時/計數(shù)器　　　　☉具有8或16位捕獲功能　　　　☉具有16位比較功能　　　　☉12位PWM輸出　　◆中斷方式　　　　☉支持IRQ和NMI中斷　　　　☉4種外部中斷　　　　☉11種內(nèi)部中斷</p><p>　　◆5種復位功能：上電復位、低電壓復位、看門狗復位、外部復位及錯誤地址復位　　◆支持3種時鐘電路：晶體振蕩器、RC振蕩、外部時鐘信號 　　◆2種低功耗模式：Halt模式和S

50、top模式  　　◆低電壓監(jiān)測(LVD)功能 　　◆一個蜂鳴器驅(qū)動輸出口　　◆具有SPI總線</p><p>　　利用這些資源就能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)智能IC卡燃氣表的功能。</p><p>　　軟件設計緊密結(jié)合智能IC卡燃氣表的控制模式，充分體現(xiàn)了對IC卡信息讀寫、卡類型判斷、計量信號判斷與數(shù)據(jù)處理、電壓監(jiān)測與電源保護等功能，并在IC與信號安全性、軟件運行可靠性及抗干擾等方面進行了精心