中英文翻譯--智能化煤氣表的設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p>　　The Design Of Intelligent Gas Meter</p><p>　　Gas meter is a gas flow meter; they are included in the national directory of strong compulsory seizure test measuring instruments. Gas metering system

2、 has been developing constantly. From unenlightened mechanical to intelligent nowadays, made people's lives has been facilitated. In the past for a long period of time, we use most of all mechanical in the internatio

3、nal, with the continuous advancement of electron technology, electron-type gas meter have also emerged in other country, but there is</p><p>　　In the view the actual situation, we reference to already exist

4、product, according to the idea of it, and to design the intelligent gas meter. the system of the intelligent have application of advanced IC card billing functions, use of the remote communications, to connect the comput

5、er with all user terminals under control by Single chip, and have the best anti-cheating function, prevent users from stealing gas. To make the gas as a commodity after first use, the Gas Company can be to accelerate<

6、/p><p>　　Because of the smart electron card prepaid gas systems is build up of computer-intelligent electronic card writer and sales database software. It have set up users, user change, relocation, marketing,

7、writing cards, statistics, search for, buy those statistics should be imprisoned, fined report functions etc. The smart cards electron gas distribution system can realize the modernization of the gas sales management, an

8、d user consumption because of the amount of data such as pre-purchase through i</p><p>　　Following, introduce of the overall design program.</p><p>　　First, the controller: The design is based o

9、n the implementation of single-chip microcomputer control system, single-chip microcomputer used AT89S51/52, it manufacture by ATMEL company of the United, it is the single chip of states low-voltage, high-performance CO

10、MS 8-bit. Chip containing 8k bytes of repeatedly rewritable read-only program memory (PEROM) and 256k bytes of random data memory (RAM), the device used ATMEL Corporation high-density, nonvolatile memory technology. Conv

11、enient control a</p><p>　　Second, billing: The gas meter billing system is through non-contactless smart card reader implementation, and using MCS-RC500 contactless smart card reader ---- single-chip communi

12、cation, program design is flexible, easy to develop, and communicate with the computer, manage the user's data through the computer software. The user must be go to the gas companies to purchase gas before users gas,

13、 then, purchase the volume of gas into the user card, then cards will be purchased the gas into the gas</p><p>　　Third, display module: The system shows the use of LCD Module 1602, LCD 1602 is a common 16 &#

14、215; 2 lines, 6 × 8 character dot matrix LCD module. It is widely used in smart intelligent instrumentation, communications, office automation equipment, and its character generator ROM have some their medium own fi

15、gures and letters of the alphabet, some special symbols library of characters, we can use 1602 to set up eight 6 × 8 dot matrix font characteristics of custom ,it be able to meet the requirements </p><p&g

16、t;　　RT1602C use the standard 16-pin interface, which left this port from 1 foot to 16 foot.No.1 pin:VSS to power ground;No.2 pin:supply voltage for logic; No.3pin:Input for adjusting the LCD contrast,and when the power i

17、s the weakest contrast,the highest contrast ratio of ground power, contrast too high will lead to "ghosting", when used by a 10K potentiometer to adjust the contrast; No.4 pin:RS to register select,”H” usually

18、select the data register,the selection of low-level instruction register. </p><p>　　Fourth, Protection function: The system circuit also has a brown-out protection function, using AT24C02 memory chip to stor

19、e the necessary real-time data, when no electric power or in case of unexpected power outages can protect the data, when the system is restored in accordance with AT24C02 to store data, restore lost electricity before th

20、e data system to ensure the normal billing, to avoid the gas company and customer losses. </p><p>　　The intelligent gas meter installation easy, the user can query the balance of card or usage amount by the

21、key in the circuit.</p><p><b>　　智能煤氣表的設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　煤氣表是一種氣體流量計(jì)，又稱燃?xì)獗恚橇腥雵覐?qiáng)檢目錄的強(qiáng)制檢定計(jì)量器具。煤氣計(jì)量系統(tǒng)也是不斷在發(fā)展，從原來的機(jī)械式到在現(xiàn)今的智能化，給人們的生活提供了便利。在過去相當(dāng)長的一段時(shí)間里國際上使用的大部分都是機(jī)械式的，隨著電子技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，電子式的煤氣表在國

22、外也出現(xiàn)了，但仍有很多的不便利。目前使用的機(jī)械式煤氣表給管理部門和用戶帶來了很大的不方便，即在查表收費(fèi)問題上,普遍采用原始落后的人工入戶查表收費(fèi)方式,主要有這幾個(gè)缺點(diǎn)：需要大量的抄表人員與收費(fèi)人員；人為方式弊端多；工作效率低,給管理部門造成了人力,物力,時(shí)間上的極大浪費(fèi)，因此，研究開發(fā)一種新型的煤氣表收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)十分必要。在國外，智能化的煤氣計(jì)量系統(tǒng)也在不斷發(fā)展，它們具備自動(dòng)計(jì)費(fèi)，遠(yuǎn)程收費(fèi)，還有報(bào)警功能，保護(hù)煤氣公司和用戶的利益。而我國煤氣

23、表的研制還停留在一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)退降膶哟?，大部分的產(chǎn)品的功能都是起到開關(guān)的作用，智能表的開發(fā)也停滯在很低的水平，雖然生產(chǎn)智能煤氣表的廠家很多，但是成熟的產(chǎn)品很少,大部分產(chǎn)品都是在參照國外技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，自己根據(jù)實(shí)際情況改進(jìn)的，大都采用ic卡技術(shù)，同時(shí)廠家都不能大批量的生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　鑒于此實(shí)際情況，在參考已有產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)思想的基礎(chǔ)上，我們設(shè)計(jì)了本智能煤氣表，該智能化煤氣計(jì)量系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用了先進(jìn)的IC卡計(jì)費(fèi)功能，利

24、用遠(yuǎn)程通信，將計(jì)算機(jī)和單片機(jī)控制的所有用戶終端連接起來，實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程控制，并且具備完善的防作弊功能，防止用戶盜竊煤氣?？梢允姑簹庾鰹橐环N商品先售后用，使煤氣公司資金周轉(zhuǎn)加快，杜絕拖欠氣費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生，它完全克服了機(jī)械式煤氣表的缺點(diǎn)，減少了人為地因素，提高工作效率，也節(jié)省了管理部門的時(shí)間。同時(shí)該計(jì)量系統(tǒng)也采用了多種方法提高其在使用中的實(shí)用性，例如對用戶數(shù)據(jù)的透明化，用戶可以直觀的查看自己的用氣量，以及卡上余額等。為了提高該系統(tǒng)的可靠性，系統(tǒng)還

25、設(shè)置了掉電保護(hù)功能，同時(shí)該計(jì)量系統(tǒng)還考慮加入可燃?xì)鈭?bào)警功能,即當(dāng)發(fā)生煤氣泄露時(shí)，系統(tǒng)將給用戶提供報(bào)警功能，為用戶提供使用的安全性。</p><p>　　由于智能電子卡預(yù)付費(fèi)煤氣銷售系統(tǒng)是由計(jì)算機(jī)智能電子卡寫入器、銷售數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件構(gòu)成 。具有建立用戶、用戶更改、遷移、銷售、寫卡、統(tǒng)計(jì)、查尋、應(yīng)購買者統(tǒng)計(jì)、罰款、報(bào)表等功能。使用智能電子卡煤氣銷售系統(tǒng)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)煤氣銷售管理的現(xiàn)代化，并且由于用戶的消費(fèi)量預(yù)購金額等數(shù)據(jù)都通

26、過智能電子卡來傳遞自動(dòng)錄入，與以往人工錄入相比不僅降低了費(fèi)用，而且保證了數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確、可靠。</p><p>　　下面介紹該設(shè)計(jì)的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案。</p><p>　　一、控制器：該設(shè)計(jì)是基于單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，單片機(jī)采用AT89S51/52，該單片機(jī)是美國ATMEL公司生產(chǎn)的低電壓，高性能COMS 8位單片機(jī)，片內(nèi)含8k bytes的可反復(fù)擦寫的只讀程序存儲(chǔ)器（PEROM）和256k by

27、tes的隨機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器（RAM），器件采用ATMEL公司高密度、非易失性存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)生產(chǎn)?？刂品奖?，供電簡單，程序也易于編寫，同時(shí)市場價(jià)格比較便宜，很容易買到，市場上與其配套的電路、元件也豐富，也利于本系統(tǒng)的推廣。該芯片還有4個(gè)8位并行I/O端口P0----P3，每個(gè)端口既可以用作輸入，也可以用于輸出；內(nèi)部有兩個(gè)16位的定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器，每個(gè)定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器都可以設(shè)置成計(jì)數(shù)方式，用以對外部進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)，也可以設(shè)置成定時(shí)方式，并可以根據(jù)計(jì)數(shù)或定時(shí)的結(jié)

28、果實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)控制；具有5個(gè)中斷源、兩個(gè)中斷優(yōu)先級(jí)的中斷控制系統(tǒng)；一個(gè)全雙工UART（通用異步接受發(fā)送器）的串行I/O口，用于實(shí)現(xiàn)單片機(jī)之間或單片機(jī)與PC機(jī)之間的串行通信；片內(nèi)振蕩器和時(shí)鐘產(chǎn)生電路，但石英晶體和微調(diào)電容需要外接，最高允許振蕩頻率為24MHz。AT89S52處理的信號(hào)全部都是數(shù)字信號(hào)，具有很高的抗干擾性能。AT89S5</p><p>　　二、計(jì)費(fèi)：本煤氣表的計(jì)費(fèi)系統(tǒng)是通過非接觸式智能卡通用讀寫器實(shí)現(xiàn)

29、的，采用MCS-RC500非接觸式智能卡通用讀寫器----單片機(jī)通信，程序設(shè)計(jì)靈活，易于開發(fā)，且可以與計(jì)算機(jī)通信，通過計(jì)算機(jī)軟件對用戶的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行管理。用戶用氣前要先到然氣公司購氣，即將所購燃?xì)饬看嫒胗脩艨ㄖ校缓笸ㄟ^卡將所購氣量存入家中煤氣表內(nèi)，由單片機(jī)控制的電磁閥門打開，用戶可以正常使用。通過流量傳感器，測得已使用的煤氣量，由系統(tǒng)對購氣量累減，當(dāng)表中存氣不多或氣用完時(shí)電磁閥關(guān)閉，同時(shí)報(bào)警電路提示用戶續(xù)費(fèi)。該電路通過串口與MCS-RC5

30、00進(jìn)行通信，因此在硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)加入了MAX232芯片，實(shí)現(xiàn)單片機(jī)與智能卡的數(shù)據(jù)交換。</p><p>　　三、顯示模塊：本系統(tǒng)中的顯示采用1602液晶顯示模塊，LCD 1602 是常見的 16 × 2 行， 6 × 8 字符點(diǎn)陣液晶模塊，廣泛應(yīng)用于智能儀表、通信、辦公自動(dòng)化設(shè)備中，其字符發(fā)生器 ROM 中自帶數(shù)字和英文字母及一些特殊符號(hào)的字符庫，我們利用 1602 可以建立 8 個(gè) 6 &

31、#215; 8 點(diǎn)陣自定義字庫，能夠滿足用戶要求，而且1602液晶顯示模塊的體積大小合適，便于安裝，設(shè)計(jì)中為了省電，1602的電源應(yīng)由單片機(jī)控制，需要顯示時(shí)供電，否則就不供電。</p><p>　　RT1602C采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的16腳接口，其中端口由左至右以此為1腳到16腳；第1腳：VSS為地電源第2腳：VDD接5V正電源第3腳：V0為液晶顯示器對比度調(diào)整端，接正電源時(shí)對比度最弱，接地電源時(shí)對比度最高，對比度過高時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)

32、生“鬼影”，使用時(shí)可以通過一個(gè)10K的電位器調(diào)整對比度第4腳：RS為寄存器選擇，高電平時(shí)選擇數(shù)據(jù)寄存器、低電平時(shí)選擇指令寄存器。第5腳：RW為讀寫信號(hào)線，高電平時(shí)進(jìn)行讀操作，低電平時(shí)進(jìn)行寫操作。當(dāng)RS和RW共同為低電平時(shí)可以寫入指令或者顯示地址，當(dāng)RS為低電平RW為高電平時(shí)可以讀忙信號(hào)，當(dāng)RS為高電平RW為低電平時(shí)可以寫入數(shù)據(jù)。第6腳：E端為使能端，當(dāng)E端由高電平跳變成低電平時(shí)，液晶模塊執(zhí)行命令。第7～14腳：D0～D7為8位雙向數(shù)據(jù)線

33、。第15～16腳：空腳或背燈電源。15腳背光正極，16腳背光負(fù)極。1602液晶模塊內(nèi)部的字符發(fā)生存儲(chǔ)器（CGROM)已經(jīng)存儲(chǔ)了160個(gè)不同的點(diǎn)陣字符圖形，這些字符有：阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字、英文字母的大小寫、常用的符號(hào)、和日文假名等，每一個(gè)字符都有一個(gè)固定的代碼，比如大寫的英文字母“A”的代碼是01000001B（41H），顯示時(shí)模塊把地址41H中的點(diǎn)</p><p>　　四、保護(hù)功能：該系統(tǒng)也具有掉電保護(hù)功能，采用24C0