外文翻譯--工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)和協(xié)同控制系統(tǒng)

1、北京化工大學(xué)北方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）——外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文1外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文 外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文原 稿Industrial and collaborative control systems a complementary symbiosisLooking at today’s control system one can find a wide variety of implementations. From pure in

2、dustrial to collaborative control system (CCS) tool kits to home grown systems and any variation in-between. Decisions on the type of implementation should be driven by technical arguments Reality shows that financial an

3、d sociological reasons form the complete picture. Any decision has it’s advantages and it’s drawbacks. Reliability, good documentation and support are arguments for industrial controls. Financial arguments drive decision

4、s towards collaborative tools. Keeping the hands on the source code and being able to solve problems on your own and faster than industry are the argument for home grown solutions or open source solutions. The experience

5、 of many years of operations shows that which solution is the primary one does not matter, there are always areas where at least part of the other implementations exist. As a result heterogeneous systems have to be maint

6、ained. The support for different protocols is essential. This paper describes our experience with industrial control systems, PLC controlled turn key systems, the CCS tool kit EPICS and the operability between all of the

7、m.InroductionProcess controls in general started at DESY in the early 80th with the installation of the cryogenic control system for the accelerator HERA (Hadron-Elektron-Ring-Anlage). A new technology was necessary beca

8、use the existing hardware was not capable to handle standard process controls signals like 4 to 20mA input and output signals and the software was not designed to run PID control loops at a stable repetition rate of 0.1

9、seconds. In addition sequence programs were necessary to implement startup and shutdown procedures for the complex cryogenic processes like cold boxes and compete compressor streets. Soon it was necessary to add interfac

10、es to field buses and to add computing power to 北京化工大學(xué)北方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）——外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文36th grade polynomial temperature conversion running at 1 Hz. The second one was the additional CPU load caused by the complex functionality of

11、 the existing D/3 system. Here it was underestimated that each digital and analog input and output channel had it’s own alarm limits in the D/3 system. In a SCADA like system as Cube the base functionality of a channel i

12、s to read the value and make it available to the system. Any additional functionality must be added. Last not least the load on the network for polling all the alarm limits – typically for a SCADA system – was also drivi

13、ng the network to it’s limits. Finally the contract with Orsi was cancelled and an upgrade of the D/3 system was the only possible solution. It was finally carried out in march 2003.In any case it should be mentioned tha

14、t the Cube approach had the advantage of a homogeneous configuration environment (for the Cube front end controllers) – compared with heterogeneous environments for ‘pure’ SCADA systems.SCADA (PVSS-II)The H1 experiment a

15、t the HERA accelerator decided to use PVSS-II for an upgrade of their slow control systems[3]. The existing systems were developed by several members of the H1 collaboration and were difficult to maintain. The decision t

16、o use PVSS as a replacement was driven by the results of an extensive survey carried out at CERN by the Joint Controls Project [4]. PVSS is a ‘pure’ Supervisory And Data Acquisition System (SCADA). It provides a set of d

17、rivers for several field buses and generic socket libraries to implement communication over TCP/IP. The core element is the so called event manager. It collects the data (mostly by polling) from the I/O devices and provi

18、des an event service to the attached management services like: control manager, database manager, user interface, API manager and the built in HTTP server. The PVSS scripting library allows to implement complex sequences

19、 as well as complex graphics. Compared with other SCADA systems PVSS comes with one basic feature: it provides a true object oriented API to the device’s data. One major disadvantage of SCADA systems is the fact that two