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1、一篇關于單片機的英文文獻一篇關于單片機的英文文獻(上)ValidationTestingofDesignHardeningfSingleEventEffectsUsingthe8051MicrocontrollerAbstractAbstractWiththedearthofdedicatedradiationhardenedfoundriesnewnoveltechniquesarebeingdevelopedfhardeningde

2、signsusingnondedicatedfoundryservices.Inthispaperwewilldiscusstheimplicationsofvalidatingthesemethodsfthesingleeventeffects(SEE)inthespaceenvironment.Topicsincludethetypesofteststhatarerequiredthedesigncoverage(i.e.desig

3、nlibraries:dotheyneedvalidatingfeachapplication).Finallyan8051microcontrollercefromNASAInstituteofAdvancedMicroelectronics(IAμE)CMOSUltraLowPowerRadiationTolerant(CULPRiT)designisevaluatedfSEEmitigativetechniquesagainstt

4、wocommercial8051devices.IndexIndexTermsTermsSingleEventEffectsHardenedByDesignmicrocontrollerradiationeffects.I.I.INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONNASAconstantlystrivestoprovidethebestcaptureofsciencewhileoperatinginaspaceradiati

5、onenvironmentusingaminimumofresources[12].WitharelativelylimitedionofradiationhardenedmicroelectronicdevicesthatareoftentwomegenerationsofperfmancebehindcommercialstateofthearttechnologiesNASA’sperfmanceofthistaskisquite

6、challenging.Onemethodofalleviatingthisisbytheuseofcommercialfoundryalternativeswithnominimallyinvasivedesigntechniquesfhardening.Thisisoftencalledhardenedbydesign(HBD).BuildingcustomtypeHBDdevicesusingdesignlibrariesauto

7、mateddesigntoolsmayprovideNASAthesolutionitneedstomeetstringentscienceperfmancespecificationsinatimelycosteffectivereliablemanner.Howeveronequestionstillexists:traditionalradiationhardeneddeviceshavelotwaferradiationqual

8、ificationtestsperfmedwhattypesoftestsarerequiredfHBDvalidationII.II.TESTINGTESTINGHBDHBDDEVICESDEVICESCONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONSTestmethodologiesintheUnitedStatesexisttoqualifyindividualdevicesthroughstardsganizationss

9、uchasASTMJEDECMILSTD883.TypicallyTID(Co60)SEE(heavyionproton)arerequiredfdevicevalidation.SowhatisuniquetoHBDdevicesAsopposedtoa“regular”commercialofftheshelf(COTS)deviceapplicationspecificintegratedcircuit(ASIC)wherenoh

10、ardeninghasbeentousetempallatchesthatrequirespecifictimingtoensurethatsingleeventeffectsareminimized.TheIAμEtechnologyusesultralowpowerlayoutarchitectureHBDdesignrulestoachievetheirresults.Thesearefundamentallydifferentt

11、hantheapproachbyAeroflexUnitedTechnologiesMicroelectronicsCenter(UTMC)thecommercialvendofaradiation–hardened8051thatbuilttheir8051microcontrollerusingradiationhardenedprocesses.Thisbroadrangeoftechnologywithinonedevicest

12、ructuremakesthe8051anidealvehiclefperfmingthistechnologyevaluation.TheobjectiveofthiswkisthetechnologyevaluationoftheCULPRiTprocess[3]fromIAμE.Theprocesshasbeenbaselinedagainsttwootherprocessesthestard8051commercialdevic

13、efromIntelaversionusingstateoftheartprocessingfromDallasSemiconduct.Byperfmingthissidebysidecomparisonthecostbenefitperfmancereliabilitytradestudycanbedone.Intheperfmanceofthetechnologyevaluationthistaskdevelopedhardware

14、softwareftestingmicrocontrollers.Athoughprocesswasdonetooptimizethetestprocesstoobtainascompleteanevaluationaspossible.Thisincludedtakingadvantageoftheavailablehardwarewritingsoftwarethatexercisedthemicrocontrollersuchth

15、atallsubstructuresoftheprocesswereevaluated.Thisprocessisalsoleadingtoamecompleteunderstingofhowtotestcomplexstructuressuchasmicrocontrollershowtomeefficientlytestthesestructuresinthefuture.IV.IV.TESTTESTDEVICESDEVICESTh

16、reedeviceswereusedinthistestevaluation.ThefirstistheNASACULPRiTdevicewhichistheprimarydevicetobeevaluated.Theothertwodevicesaretwoversionsofacommercial8051manufacturedbyIntelDallasSemiconductrespectively.TheInteldevicesa

17、retheROMlessCMOSversionoftheclassic8052MCS51microcontroller.Theyareratedfoperationat5Voveratemperaturerangeof0to70Cataclockspeedsof3.5MHzto24MHz.TheyaremanufacturedinIntel’sP629.0CHMOSIIIEprocess.TheDallasSemiconductdevi

18、cesaresimilarinthattheyareROMless8052microcontrollersbuttheyareenhancedinvariousways.Theyareratedfoperationfrom4.25to5.5Voltsover0to70Catclockspeedsupto25MHz.Theyhaveasecondfullserialptbuiltinsevenadditionalinterruptsawa

19、tchdogtimerapowerfailresetdualdatapointersvariablespeedperipheralaccess.Inadditiontheceisredesignedsothatthemachinecycleisshtenedfmostinstructionsresultinginaneffectiveprocessingabilitythatisroughly2.5timesgreater(faster

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