考研mti經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人資料技術(shù)政治

1、考研考研MTIMTI經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人資料技術(shù)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人資料技術(shù)政治TechnologyTechnologypoliticspoliticsPlayingPlayingwithwithfirefireGoogleGooglerunsrunsintointomemeflakflakononartificialartificialintelligenceintelligence技術(shù)政治玩火谷歌在人工智能領(lǐng)域遭遇更多抨擊DISCOVERINGharn

2、essingfireunlockedmenutritionfromfoodfeedingthebiggerbrainsbodiesthatarethehallmarksofmodernhumans.Google’schiefexecutiveSundarPichaithinkshiscompany’sdevelopmentofartificialintelligencetrumpsthat.“AIisoneofthemostimptan

3、tthingsthathumanityiswkingon”hetoldaneventinCalifniaearlierthisyear.“It’smeprofoundthanIdon’tknowelectricityfire.”火的發(fā)現(xiàn)和利用讓人類從食物中獲得了更多的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，來供養(yǎng)更大的大腦和身體這些現(xiàn)代人類的標(biāo)志。谷歌的首席執(zhí)行官桑達(dá)爾皮查伊(SundarPichai)認(rèn)為，他的公司對(duì)人工智能(AI)的開發(fā)比火的意義還要大?！癆I是人類

4、正在做的最重要的事情之一，”今年早些時(shí)候他在加州的一次活動(dòng)上說，“我猜，它的影響比電或火更加深遠(yuǎn)?！盚yperbolicanalogiesasideGoogle’sAItechniquesarebecomingmepowerfulmeimptanttoitsbusiness.ButitsuseofAIisalsogeneratingcontroversybothamongitsemployeesthewiderAIcommunity.撇

5、開這種夸張的類比不說，谷歌的AI技術(shù)確實(shí)正變得愈發(fā)強(qiáng)大，對(duì)其業(yè)務(wù)也愈加重要。但它對(duì)AI的應(yīng)用也引發(fā)了爭(zhēng)議，無論是在其員工內(nèi)部還是在更廣泛的AI圈里。OnerecentclashhascentredonGoogle’swkwithAmerica’sDepartmentofDefence(DoD).Underacontractsignedin2017withtheinstitute.Manybringliberalantiwarviewsf

6、romacademiawiththemwhichcanputthemindirectoppositionwiththefirminsomeareas.SinceAItalentisscarcethefirmhastopayheedtotheprinciplesofitsboffinsatleasttosomeextent.AI研究機(jī)構(gòu)Fast.ai的創(chuàng)始人杰里米霍華德(JeremyHoward)指出，谷歌做出讓步一定程度上是因?yàn)樗腁I

7、人才大多來自美國(guó)各大高校的計(jì)算機(jī)系。許多人從學(xué)術(shù)界帶來了自由、反戰(zhàn)的觀點(diǎn)，這可能會(huì)令他們?cè)谀承╊I(lǐng)域與公司直接對(duì)立。由于AI人才稀缺，谷歌必須認(rèn)真理會(huì)技術(shù)專家們的這些信條，至少在一定程度上得如此。MilitarywkisnottheonlystickingpointfGoogle’suseofAI.OnJune7thabatchofpatentapplicationsmadebyDeepMindaLondonbasedsistercomp

8、anyweremadepublic.Thereactionwasswift.Manywarnedthatthepatentswouldhaveachillingeffectonotherinnovatsinthefield.Thepatentshavenotyetbeengranted—indeedtheymaynotbe—buttherequestfliesinthefaceoftheAIcommunity’sacceptednmso

9、fopennesstechsharingsaysMilesBrundagewhostudiesAIpolicyattheUniversityofOxfd.ThestarddefenceofferedonbehalfofGoogleisthatitdoesnothaveahistyofpatentabusethatitfilesthemdefensivelyindertoprotectitselffromfuturepatenttroll

10、s.DeepMind’spatentstrategyisunderstoodtobechieflydefensiveinnature.軍事項(xiàng)目并不是谷歌運(yùn)用AI的唯一分歧點(diǎn)所在。6月7日，它位于倫敦的姊妹公司DeepMind的一批專利申請(qǐng)被公開。各方迅速作出反應(yīng)。許多人警告說，這些專利會(huì)對(duì)該領(lǐng)域的其他創(chuàng)新者產(chǎn)生寒蟬效應(yīng)。牛津大學(xué)研究AI政策的邁爾斯布倫戴奇(MilesBrundage)表示，這些專利尚未獲批，實(shí)際上可能也不會(huì)獲批，但是這

11、些申請(qǐng)公然違反了AI圈開放與技術(shù)共享的公認(rèn)準(zhǔn)則。那些為谷歌說話的人提出的理由都圍繞著一點(diǎn)：谷歌不曾濫用專利權(quán)，它是為防范未來遭專利流氓侵?jǐn)_而做出的防御舉動(dòng)。他們認(rèn)為DeepMind的專利戰(zhàn)略在本質(zhì)上主要是防御性的。WhateverGoogle’sintenttherearesignsthatthehomogeneityoftheAIcommunitymaylesseninfuture.Newpathsarebeingcreatedtoj