版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
1、中考測試?yán)碚撆c命題技術(shù),江西省教育廳教研室 溫 愛 英,Teaching to / for testing?,英國著名的教學(xué)法、測試、教材方面的專家Rod Bolitho說過這么一段話:“Change methodology, the teachers don’t change easily. Change the textbooks, you change a lot, but yo
2、u don’t change much. Change the exams and textbooks, the methodology will follow. Change the exams, you change everything.”,The backwash of testing,用模擬考試、做試題沖擊教學(xué),替代講課和練習(xí),把生動活潑的外語教學(xué)變成枯燥的應(yīng)試技巧訓(xùn)練,都是測試負(fù)面的或有害的反撥作用(田貴森2003:14)。
3、負(fù)面反撥效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生于兩個環(huán)節(jié):試題的設(shè)計(jì)和測試的使用,前者為內(nèi)因,后者為外因。 負(fù)面反撥效應(yīng)的本質(zhì)是測試效度對信度和操作簡易性的屈從(李冥2005:46)。任何測試都必須在效度、信度、可行性和對教學(xué)的反撥作用之間采取妥協(xié),保持平衡(辜向東2002:69)。,報告由以下部分組成:,一、 2006年中考反思二、2007年中考解讀三、中考測試?yán)碚撍摹⒅锌济}技術(shù)五、對中考復(fù)習(xí)的幾點(diǎn)建議,一、 2006年中考反思,癥狀1、學(xué)生的動手能力
4、很差。具體表現(xiàn)在聽力理解的第3題“用詞填表格”、完形填空中的B部分“用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空”、閱讀理解的B部分“根據(jù)短文回答問題”和“書面表達(dá)”四部分得分率很低,有相當(dāng)考生沒有動手。原因:大量的選擇題造成的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù),讓學(xué)生習(xí)慣猜題和熟悉A、B、C、D。對策:平時多做非選擇題,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的動手能力,養(yǎng)成勤表達(dá)的良好習(xí)慣,包括口頭和筆頭。,一、 2006年中考反思,癥狀2、學(xué)生的語言綜合運(yùn)用能力、分析問題和解決問題的能力較差。具體表現(xiàn)在聽力理
5、解和閱讀理解中“深層理解和需要概括、歸納的題目”上失分較多;完形填空得分不高。原因:1)課堂上大量的知識講解沒有真正培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的能力。 2)平時的題目以考查知識點(diǎn)、直白信息和淺層理解的占絕大多數(shù)。對策:1)學(xué)習(xí)知識的目的是為了運(yùn)用知識,課堂教學(xué)要積極創(chuàng)造機(jī)會讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用知識去解決問題。 2)題目的設(shè)計(jì)要有剃度,從知識到技能,再到能力。,一、 2006年中考反思,癥狀3、學(xué)生思維僵化,語
6、言單一,缺乏自信和冒險 精神。原因:教師把活生生的語言規(guī)則化;答案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;反 饋單一化;題目設(shè)計(jì)沒有提供自由發(fā)揮的空間。對策:1)活化語言,在情景中教語言,語言在情景中才具有生命力。不同的語言可以表達(dá)相同的意思,同樣的語言在不同的情景中表達(dá)的意思不一樣。 2)給學(xué)生自由表達(dá)的機(jī)會,張揚(yáng)學(xué)生的個性。 3)多元化評價,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自信和冒險精神。,,Pat Alex(P)
7、comes by to see Li Hong(L). They talk about the party last night and about the weather.P: Hi, Li Hong.L: Hi, Pat. 76 P: Because it was so cold and rainy.L: 77 ! It was a really good party. Hey, why don’t we go fo
8、r a walk this afternoon, Pat?P: Go for a walk? But it’s so cold out.L: Cold out? 78 ?P: About 13℃L: 13℃ ? 79 .Just wait until winter.P: Why?L: Well… it snows a lot and sometimes it’s very cold. Last winter it w
9、as 7℃ below zero for three weeks. And it was windy, too.P: That sounds terrible!L: 80 .The sun was out almost every day.,,76.Why didn’t you go to the party last night.77.What a pity/ That’s too bad/ Too bad.78.Wha
10、t’s the temperature.79.That’s not cold/ It wasn’t cold at all/It’s not cold80.It’s wasn’t all that terrible/That wasn’t so bad/No/I wouldn’t say that/ Not terrible.,2007年中考解讀,2007大綱卷考試形式與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)2007課標(biāo)卷考試形式與試卷結(jié)構(gòu),2007
11、大綱卷考試形式與試卷結(jié)構(gòu),1、沒有系統(tǒng)或?qū)iT學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)“測試”的理論知識,只是模仿或憑感覺、憑經(jīng)驗(yàn),學(xué)生會錯什么就考什么,特別是單選題的命制。2、花在研究教學(xué)的時間多,對于試題的命制則沒有特別研究。3、對初三復(fù)習(xí)課的目的很清楚,但未能把理念轉(zhuǎn)化為真正的課堂教學(xué)行為。4、想方設(shè)法多占用學(xué)生的時間,但很少鉆研復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)方法,做到復(fù)以習(xí)省時高效。5、思維已成定勢,認(rèn)為復(fù)習(xí)課不用備課,拿到教材歸納知識點(diǎn),拿到試卷對對答案。,2007課標(biāo)卷考
12、試形式與試卷結(jié)構(gòu),,二、測試?yán)碚摚ㄒ唬┙虒W(xué)與測試的關(guān)系,測試和教學(xué)是什么關(guān)系?兩種完全對立的觀點(diǎn):其一,測試是教學(xué)的中心,即“應(yīng)試教學(xué)”(teach to test);其二,測試是為教學(xué)服務(wù)的(Davies 1968:5; 楊惠中1999:16),即測試應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循和模仿教學(xué)的模式(Testing should follow and ape teaching)(Davies 1968:5)。你的觀點(diǎn)是什么?,(一)教學(xué)與測試的關(guān)系
13、,語言教學(xué)與語言測試的關(guān)系是一種“伙伴關(guān)系”(relationship of partnership),“合作關(guān)系” (Huges,2000:2) ,兩者相互聯(lián)系、相互影響,忽視任何一方,另一方都無法正常運(yùn)作(Both teaching and testing are closely interrelated that it is virtually impossible to work in either field without
14、being constantly concerned with the other)。測試既為教學(xué)服務(wù),又直接影響教學(xué),并對教學(xué)產(chǎn)生一定的反撥作用,這種反撥作用或有益于教學(xué),或妨礙教學(xué)。,(二)語言測試的四個要素,任何語言測試,尤其是大規(guī)模、高風(fēng)險的語言測試必須具備四個要素:效度、信度、可行性和對教學(xué)積極的反撥作用。,效 度(Validity),“語言測試的效度,亦稱有效性,或者說,在多大程度上,是為了目的所要考的”(李筱菊
15、1997:49)。效度的概念包括以下幾個方面:結(jié)構(gòu)效度(語言測試的理論基礎(chǔ))、內(nèi)容效度(足夠的、具有代表性的、相關(guān)的抽樣)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)關(guān)聯(lián)效度(與外在的獨(dú)立的、得到廣泛認(rèn)可的測試相比較,含同期效度和預(yù)測效度)和表面效度(外行對測試的印象)。,信 度(Reliability),語言測試的信度是指語言測試結(jié)果的一致性程度。信度包括三個方面:測試本身的信度、受試在不同情況下的表現(xiàn)以及評分的信度。,可行性與對教學(xué)的反撥作用,除效度、信度外,
16、可行性是語言測試的另一要素。一項(xiàng)測試只有在其人力、物力、時間許可的范圍內(nèi)才具可行性??尚行灾饕c實(shí)施測試的方法以及在多大程度上是否要建立和采用某項(xiàng)測試有關(guān)(辜向東2002:68-69)。與此同時,還要考慮測試對教學(xué)的反撥作用。,在主、客觀測試中,效度、信度、可行性和對教學(xué)的反撥作用四者之間的關(guān)系如下:,項(xiàng)目 主觀性測試 客觀性測試 ( Item )
17、 ( Subjective ) ( Objective )效度(Validity) 更高(Higher) 更低(Lower)信度(Reliability)更低(Lower) 更高(Higher)可行性 可行性更小 可行性更大( Practicality) ( Less practical) ( M
18、ore practical) 反撥作用 更積極的 更負(fù)面的(Backwash effect) ( More positive) ( Less positive),(三)命題原則,[試卷結(jié)構(gòu)]效度標(biāo)準(zhǔn):是否考了所要考的?→即:考試分?jǐn)?shù)在多大程度上體現(xiàn)了考生的語言能力?→即:分?jǐn)?shù)的準(zhǔn)確性。信度標(biāo)準(zhǔn):是否保證考試分?jǐn)?shù)的公平性?→即:考試分?jǐn)?shù)在多大程度上不受評分誤
19、差的影響?→即:分?jǐn)?shù)的一致性。,(三)命題原則,[試題內(nèi)容]→代表性:考試內(nèi)容是否是教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)?→覆蓋面:考試內(nèi)容是否涵蓋教學(xué)的主要內(nèi)容?在試題設(shè)計(jì)/命題時,我們始終要問:它考了學(xué)生的什么能力/或是能激活學(xué)生什么樣的考試過程/行為?是我們想要考的嗎?評分是否有誤差?如何控制評分誤差?,(四)有關(guān)中考,1、基本目標(biāo) 試題具有較高的效度、相當(dāng)?shù)男哦?、適當(dāng)?shù)碾y度、必要的區(qū)分度;確保試卷的指導(dǎo)性、基礎(chǔ)性、科學(xué)性、全面性、有效性。
20、確保試題的信度和效度,以使考試的形式有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)考查的目的,使考試結(jié)果盡可能準(zhǔn)確地反映學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平,充分發(fā)揮中考的鑒定功能和激勵功能。,2、測試應(yīng)遵循的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和原則,何謂一份好試卷?具備五個要素、遵循六大原則。,1)英語測試的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn),英語測試是檢測學(xué)生綜合語言運(yùn)用能力發(fā)展程度的重要途徑。好的語言測試一般應(yīng)具有五個特征:有效性(validity)、可靠性(reliability)、區(qū)分性(discrimination)、實(shí)用性(feas
21、ibility)和教育性,即良好的反撥作用(backwash effect)。,2)中考命題的六大原則,1、依據(jù)《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》來確定考查的內(nèi)容和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。就是說命題不應(yīng)該以教材為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 2、著重考查學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力。3、要充分考慮學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活和身心發(fā)展水平。4、要選用真實(shí)、地道的語言素材,根據(jù)語言的實(shí)際使用情形命題。 5、要確保試題的信度和效度,杜絕繁、偏、舊的試題,并控制題量。6、要根據(jù)試題的考查目的和考查重點(diǎn)科學(xué)、合
22、理地指定評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,3)英語新課程目標(biāo),基礎(chǔ)教育階段英語課程的總體目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力。綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的形成建立在學(xué)生語言技能、語言知識、情感態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)策略和文化意識等素養(yǎng)整體發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上。語言知識和語言技能是綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的基礎(chǔ),文化意識是得體運(yùn)用語言的保證。情感態(tài)度是影響學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展的重要因素,學(xué)習(xí)策略是提高學(xué)習(xí)效率、發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的保證。這五個方面共同促進(jìn)綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的形成。,4)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)五級應(yīng)達(dá)到的綜合
23、語言運(yùn)用能力目標(biāo),有較明確的英語學(xué)習(xí)動機(jī)和積極主動的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。能聽懂教師有關(guān)熟悉話題的陳述并參與討論。能就日常生活的各種話題與他人交換信息并陳述自己的意見。能讀懂供7-9年級學(xué)生閱讀的簡單讀物和報刊、雜志,克服生詞障礙,理解大意。能根據(jù)閱讀目的運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x策略。能根據(jù)提示起草和修改小作文。能與他人合作,解決問題并報告結(jié)果,共同完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。能對自己的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行評價,總結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)方法。能利用多種教育資源進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)對文化差異的理解與認(rèn)
24、識。,3、2007年英語中考走勢,1)新課程英語中考注重考查能力,那么具體考查學(xué)生哪些方面的能力呢?英語學(xué)業(yè)考試應(yīng)側(cè)重考查學(xué)生的語言技能、語言知識、跨文化交際意識以及跨文化交際的能力?!队⒄Z課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中提到的學(xué)習(xí)策略和情感態(tài)度在試題中不能直接進(jìn)行考查。因此,新課程英語中考考查學(xué)生以下五個方面的能力:聽力技能;口語技能;閱讀技能;寫作技能;語言知識的運(yùn)用能力。,2)語言知識的運(yùn)用能力 具體指什么?,語言知識的運(yùn)用能力指的是學(xué)
25、生在一定的語境中運(yùn)用語言知識、語法知識和語用知識的能力。對知識的考查既不能孤立地考查某些知識點(diǎn),也不能機(jī)械地考查學(xué)生對知識的記憶情況。單元練習(xí)考查的是語言知識,但是在語境中運(yùn)用知識就是要在給出句子的邏輯中去判斷答案,這是中考命題的新思路。,3)中考改革的發(fā)展趨勢,針對教學(xué)目標(biāo),采用以折中主義為理念的交際語言能力(communicative language ability)測試模式(Bachman,2000),盡量使用直接的語言行為測試
26、,重點(diǎn)測量學(xué)生在一定語境中運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行有效交際的能力。減少離散題和客觀題,增加主觀題的比例。盡可能使用真實(shí)的語言材料,在考試的閱讀材料(包括簡短問答題和完型填空題)中,增加文章的標(biāo)題。新增實(shí)用性、真實(shí)性并舉的作文考試題。,4)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與修訂大綱對照表,,四、中考命題技術(shù),(一)聽力測試(二)單項(xiàng)填空(三)完型填空(四)閱讀理解(五)補(bǔ)全對話(六)書面表達(dá),(一)聽力測試,評價內(nèi)容與目標(biāo)評價學(xué)生從有聲材料中獲取信息的能力。其評
27、價目標(biāo)為通過有關(guān)熟悉話題的對話或獨(dú)白(短文),根據(jù)語調(diào)和重音,理解說話者的意圖,并從中提取信息。(Information including 身份who/whom, 地點(diǎn)where, 時間when, 原因why, 方式how, 數(shù)量how many,內(nèi)容what: making comparisons, making judgment, making inferences作出推斷,理解說話人的語氣、心緒和summarizing歸納、總結(jié)
28、等。),聽力和閱讀問題的設(shè)計(jì),Plain facts or Students’ critical thinking Plain facts 1、When did this story happen? A. March 14. B. March 15. C. March 16. 2. Where did the story happen?3. Who was making a report when someone
29、 fell off a chair?4. How many teachers attended the meeting? Critical thinkingWhat do you think of Wen Aiying’s report? A. Good. B. Not good. C. We don’t know.,命題原則,聽力材料口語化、生活化,語言地道,具有情景,增加信息輸入量,試題以特殊問句方式或表格形式給出,
30、各選項(xiàng)一般為三個,問題印在試卷上;表格為五個空格。,聽力測試A)部分,是評價學(xué)生從有聲材料中獲取信息的能力。其評價目標(biāo)為通過有關(guān)熟悉話題的簡短對話,根據(jù)語調(diào)和重音,理解說話者的意圖,并從中提取信息。,,材料1:M: Can I take your coat, madam? W: Thank you. M: And would you like something to drink befor
31、e you order your meal?材料2:M: Well, I’ll be leaving now. W: Must you go so soon?,例如:,Q1: Where are they? A. In a clothes shop. B. In a restaurant. C. In a coffee shop. Q2: What does the woman mean
32、? A. She wants him to stay longer. B.She knows he must go soon. C. She wants him to go now.,聽力測試B)部分,所涉及的內(nèi)容為學(xué)生所熟悉的話題內(nèi)容,如談?wù)撎鞖?、家庭、活動、購物、看病、打電話、聚會、旅游等。試題均以特殊問句的方式給出。其評價目標(biāo)為能聽懂接近正常語速的有關(guān)熟悉話題的談話,并能從中提取信息和觀點(diǎn)。,,M: Goo
33、d afternoon, madam. Can I help you?W: Well, I seem to have lost my handbag.M: Oh, I’m sorry. Could you tell me what it looks like?W: OK. It’s a brown bag. Oh, No, it’s black.M: Black?W: Yes, and it’s made of leather
34、.M: Fine. Have you got anything inside?W: Well, my mobile phone is in there, and, er, my money. I mean all of my money is in there. I have about 50 pounds.M: I see.W: Oh, I have a little address book.M: Any photos i
35、n it?W: No.M: Fine. Could I know your name?W: I’m Jane Parker.M: Yes, madam.,For example:,1. What color is the woman’s bag? A. Brown. B. Black. C. Blue.2. Which of the following is not in her bag? A. A wa
36、llet. B. A mobile phone. C. An address book.3. How does the woman feel? A. Worried. B. Angry. C. Surprised.4. What can we learn from the dialogue? A. The woman lost it in the morning. B. It’s a pr
37、esent from her husband. C. It’s a leather bag.,聽力測試C)部分,為短文獨(dú)白的理解。其所涉及的內(nèi)容為學(xué)生所熟悉的學(xué)習(xí)和生活經(jīng)歷。短文的長度一般在150個詞左右。該部分的評價目標(biāo)是聽懂接近正常語速的短文,理解短文所敘述的事實(shí)及說話者的意圖、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。新課標(biāo)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容按要求作適當(dāng)?shù)挠涗洝?,例題 11. Where are they? A. In a office. B.
38、In a market. C. In a hospital.12. What’s the trouble with Mr. Nelson?A. He has got a toothache. B. He had a tooth pulled out. C. He has to look over the other tooth. 13. W
39、hat does the woman want to do?A. He has a tooth pulled out. B. He sleeps for a day long.B. He presses the tooth like this.,,聽力材料: W: What’s the trouble, Mr. Nelson? M: It’s th
40、is tooth here. It’s aching. W: I see. Has it given you a lot of trouble? M: Yes, it kept me awake last night. W: Just let me have a look. Open wide, please. Hmm, now I’ll just look over the other teeth..
41、M: You mean you look at them right now. W: Yes, open wide, please. Now when I press like this, does it hurt? M: Ouch. W: It seems that this tooth needs pulling out. M: Doctor, it’s felling well. W: I’m afr
42、aid not. (CCA ),,Dialogue 111.What are the two speakers going to do this evening?A. Have dinner in a restaurant. B. Go to see friends. C. Make Sichuan food.12.Why doesn’t the man feel like having Sichuan
43、 food today?A.Because it’s too expensive. B. Because it’s too hot.C. Because the restaurant is too far.13.What kind of food do they both like?A. Chinese food. B. Fast food. C. Italian food.,1. What
44、’s the strongest reason for Englishmen often to go to pubs? A. To meet their friends. B. To relax themselves. C. To drink beer.2. What should a woman do if she wants to visit an English Pub? A. Go there alone.
45、 B. Go there with her friends. C. Go there with a man.3. According to the passage, how long do pubs usually stay open? A. 13 hours. B. 12 hours. C. 11 hours.4. Which of the following is true for many En
46、glishmen? A. They feel lucky in a pub. B. They are not interested in their jobs. C. They can tell their troubles to bar girls whenever they want to.5. What can we learn from the passage? A. Englishmen enjoy goin
47、g to pubs. B. The pub is the best place for Englishmen to go to after work. C. The speaker likes pubs very much. (BCABA)(6. Who is the speaker? A. A man. B. A woman. C. We can’t decide. ),The word ‘pub’ is t
48、he short for ‘public house’ in Great Britain. It’s the Englishmen’s favorite meeting place, where they can get together with friends over a pint of beer and talk about football, or horse racing, or business. Pubs are usu
49、ally open from 11 a.m. to midnight.You may notice that the pub is the Englishmen’s meeting place. It’s not quite fit for a woman to go into a pub alone. She must have a man to go with her. Perhaps that’s partly the reas
50、on why pubs makes me unhappy.Most Englishmen have their favorite place, where they can relax themselves, and if they are lucky, tell their troubles to a beautiful bargirl. Indeed, many men dream of retiring from their 9
51、-5 jobs and buying a little country pub, where they imagine they will be the host of a seven nights a week party.,David R. Smith is going to study at Fudan University in September, so he has to find a room to live in. He
52、 only needs a single room because housing is so expensive in Shanghai. He wants to find a room at lower price, about 350 yuan a month, for it is not easy for him, a first year student, to find a good part-time job quickl
53、y.Could you help him? If so, please e-mail him before July 31th. His e-mail address is David@ Yahoo. com .,(二)知識運(yùn)用,知識運(yùn)用部分又分為兩節(jié):“語法和詞匯”和“完形填空”。,1、語法和詞匯,語法和詞匯,即單項(xiàng)填空,主要考查考生的語法知識和運(yùn)用語法知識的能力,以及對詞語和詞語搭配、習(xí)慣用語等的正確理解能力。這部分試題覆蓋面
54、廣,淡化了語法,突出了語言的實(shí)用性,試題重點(diǎn)突出,強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞用法能力的考查。從設(shè)計(jì)的角度看,這部分考查的重點(diǎn)不是語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯記憶,而是把語法和詞匯知識的測試放在適當(dāng)?shù)那榫爸?,?qiáng)調(diào)了語言知識的實(shí)際應(yīng)用和交際功能。大多數(shù)題目考查考生在特定語境中理解和運(yùn)用語法、詞匯等基礎(chǔ)知識的能力。,2、單項(xiàng)選擇題的命題技術(shù),A、要科學(xué)、合理地設(shè)計(jì)考點(diǎn)。 B、試題設(shè)計(jì)要具有嚴(yán)密的科學(xué)性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。C、選項(xiàng)本身在語法上應(yīng)該是正確的。D、選項(xiàng)長度要適當(dāng)、均衡
55、。E、要保證試題的答案沒有爭議。F、要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)情景(上下文)的判斷推理能力G、題干越簡潔越好。,A、要科學(xué)、合理地設(shè)計(jì)考點(diǎn),1. ---I went to New York. ---Did you? ---Yes, I’ve just come back. 2.---Have you heard of the accident about Lucy and her father?---Accident?
56、No, I haven’t. Tell me about it.3. ---909--365—2781. ---Just let me check that. 909—365—2781. ---That’s it.,,1. ---I went to New York. ---______ you? ---Yes, I’ve just come back.A. Have B. Did
57、 C. Will D. Do2.---Have you heard of the accident about Lucy and her father?---Accident? No, I haven’t. Tell me about ______.A. it B. her C. him D. them5. ---909--365—2781. ---Just le
58、t me _____ that. 909—365—2781. ---That’s it.A. say B. check C. find D. catch,B、試題設(shè)計(jì)要具有嚴(yán)密的科學(xué)性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,The three months of spring in China are ______. A. December, January and February B. March,
59、 April and MayC. January, February and March,C、選項(xiàng)本身在語法上應(yīng)該是正確的。,3. ---Do you often go to those big concerts?---Sometimes. I like listening to CDs ______.A. very much. B. better C. best D. a little4. Whe
60、n you talk with others, try to talk about ______ they are interested in.A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything5. ─ Every year, millions of fishes are killed by the polluted water. ─
61、____ we should do something to stop it. (2007年樣卷) A. If B. Unless C. But D. So6. ─ How much shall I pay for the telephone call? ─ You _______. It’s free. (2007年樣卷)A. should no
62、t B. can’t C. don’t have to D. mustn’t,E、要保證試題的答案沒有爭議,You were in Shanghai last week, ______ you? A. were B. weren’t C. did D. didn’t ---Would you mind if I open the window? ---
63、______, though it’s a little cold. A. Yes, please B. Sure C. Not at all D. Sorry,F、要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)情景(上下文)的判斷推理能力,---Hi, Lin Tao! Where _____ you just now?(缺乏情景) ---I went to the playground. A. wer
64、e B. are C. have been D. will be---What about flying to London?---We can’t ______ it. Taking a train is cheaper./ Maybe we’re going there by train.A. make B. keep C. plan D. afford I can’t rem
65、ember when exactly the Blacks left ______city. I only remember it was ______Saturday. A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a,(二)完填空,“完型填空”試題的命制,基本上遵循“突出語篇,強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用,注重實(shí)際”的設(shè)計(jì)思路。試題特點(diǎn)鮮明,“考查考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上對詞匯知識的掌握情況”
66、,即要求考生通讀短文,掌握文章大意,綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、語法等知識,從試題所提供的詞匯、短語中判斷出是短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的詞匯或短語。,完形填空題考查趨勢,將由局部理解向整體理解轉(zhuǎn)移:試題考查點(diǎn)減少了單句層次的試題,明顯增加了語篇理解的試題;設(shè)問角度突出考查對整 、對上下文乃至全篇的理解??疾辄c(diǎn)設(shè)置的三個層面首先,“點(diǎn)”的層面。答題時只需考慮設(shè)空所在的句子的意思便可得出答案,屬于較易試題。其次,“線”的層面。答題時需要弄清楚前后
67、幾個句子甚至上下一兩段段意才能找出答案,屬于中等難度試題。最后,“面”的層面??疾榭忌鷮ξ恼聝?nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯分析,推理判斷能力。在做”點(diǎn)”、“先、線”的基礎(chǔ)上才能做好面的題。答題時必須通觀全文,從整體角度考慮才能判斷出最佳答案,屬于較難試題。,完形填空命題原則,1) 選材 與當(dāng)代英語國家人士的生活關(guān)系密切(觀點(diǎn)、情感、意識、 時尚等 上下文聯(lián)系緊湊
68、 富含可考項(xiàng)目2)挖空 第一句不挖空 各類題均勻分布(動詞略多) 試題在短文中均勻分布(相鄰兩個空格之間,間隔10詞左右) 避免相互依存的題 避免答案出現(xiàn)在試卷中的其他地方3)選項(xiàng) 正確答案必須是短文中被挖掉的詞或短語(未經(jīng)改寫) 干擾項(xiàng)有干擾性 干擾項(xiàng)是正確項(xiàng)的干擾項(xiàng),而不是干擾項(xiàng)的干擾項(xiàng) 干擾項(xiàng)不應(yīng)相互包容
69、 須是正確的英語表達(dá)形式 4) 考查目的明確,立足語篇理解.,Where did you go yesterday?Did you hear music at any of those places?Today most stores and restaurants play music. You might even hear music in an office or on a farm.Scientists beli
70、eve that music changes the way people behave(舉止).According to some scientists, the sound of western classical(古典的)music makes people feel richer. When a restaurant plays classical music, people spend more money on food
71、and drinks. When the restaurant plays modern music, people spend less money. With no music, people spend even less.Scientists also believe that loud, fast music makes people eat faster. In fact, people eat their food fa
72、ster when the music get faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their busy hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave quickly. Restaurants can make more money this way.Some scientists think that music makes
73、 you think and learn better. They say that music helps students to be more active. It is true that people learn better when they are relaxed. And listening to music and help you relax.The next time you hear music somewh
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 眾賞文庫僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 英語中考命題的基本理論與實(shí)踐
- 少兒英語教育理論與實(shí)踐探討
- 英語教育的基本理論與實(shí)踐
- 少兒英語教育理論與實(shí)踐探討
- 英語測試的理論與實(shí)踐
- 課程英語測試與評估理論與實(shí)踐
- 價值教育模式:理論與實(shí)踐.pdf
- 素質(zhì)教育的理論與實(shí)踐
- 環(huán)境倫理教育的理論與實(shí)踐
- 教育評價理論與實(shí)踐的發(fā)展
- [教育]有效教學(xué)的理論與實(shí)踐
- [教育]英漢翻譯理論與實(shí)踐
- 創(chuàng)新教育的理論與實(shí)踐
- 84383.瑞金與鄒平教育模式之比較
- 小學(xué)英語分層達(dá)標(biāo)理論與實(shí)踐初探
- 以教育理論滋養(yǎng)教育實(shí)踐
- 新成功教育的理論與實(shí)踐.pdf
- 環(huán)境倫理教育的理論與實(shí)踐.pdf
- [教育]有效教學(xué)的理論與實(shí)踐策略
- 梁漱溟鄉(xiāng)村教育理論與實(shí)踐探析.pdf
評論
0/150
提交評論