農(nóng)場(chǎng)種植不斷轉(zhuǎn)向商業(yè)合作模式【外文翻譯】_第1頁
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1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文翻譯原文:原文:Farmersincreasinglyturntocooperativebusinessmodelheganicfoodmarkethasexpedmaturedintoa$10billionindustrywithsalesgrowingabout15to20percenteachyear.Manyoftheearlycoopsthatspranguptoservethemarkethaveal

2、somaturedwhilenewcoopscontinuetobefmedtomeetthegrowingdemfganicfoods.”—Excerptfrom“ganicCoopsTakingRoot”RuralCooperativesMay—June2005.Since2005theU.S.ganicproductsindustryhascontinuedtoexperienceremarkablegrowthganicfarm

3、ershavecontinuedtoincreasetheiruseofmarketingcooperatives.In2009U.S.ganicfoodbeveragesalesgrew5.1percentto$24.8billionaccdingtotheganicTradeAssociation’s(OTA)2010ganicIndustrySurvey.OTAestimatesthetotalU.S.ganicsproductm

4、arket—includingfoodbeveragesnonfoodproductssuchassupplementspersonalcareproductsclothing—grew5.3percentto$26.6billion.In2008OTAfoundthatganicfoodsaleshadgrown15.8percentfromthepreviousyear.In1991theUSDAAgriculturalCooper

5、ativeService(nowtheCooperativeProgramsofficeofUSDARuralDevelopment)conductedasurveyofU.S.ganicproducermarketingcooperatives(OPMCs)foundthat:therewere10operatingin1987withgrosssalesof$3.3million15ofthesecoopswereoperating

6、in1991withgrosssalesof$6.38million384producermembers.In1989therewereanestimated5328U.S.ganicgrowersofwhich2264werecertified.NoOPMCdatawascollectedafter1991.WhenUSDACooperativeProgramsputtogetheraninfmalOPMCdirectyin2010i

7、tfoundthatthereareabout45OPMCsoperating.Whiletherehasbeennoactualsurveyafewnumbersindicatethemagnitudeofgrowth.ThelargestOPMC—ganicValley—hadsalesof$520millionin2009amembershipof1652farmersin33statesthreeCanadianprovince

8、s.In2008therewere12941certifiedganicproducersintheUnitedStatesaccdingtotheUSDAEconomicResearchService.Therearecertifiedganicfarmersinall50states.?Opptunitytosellfarm:7%?Wantedtomovedairy:1%?Other:4%.Threequartersofthepro

9、ducerswereage50older.MethanhalfreliedondairyingfmethanthreequartersoftheirincomeJust12percentsaidtheyplannedtoenterdairyfarmingagainwith80percentofthatgroupplanningtostartagainattheircurrentlocationbutmostwithasmallerher

10、dCWTChiefOperatingOfficerJimTillisonsaidthatthesurvey“confirmsthatincreasedproductioncostsespeciallyhighfeedfuelexpenseshavereallychangedtheeconomicsofthedairysecttothepointwheretheyarepressuringsomeproducersoutofthebusi

11、ness.“Thesurveyisalsoconsistentwithanecdotalstiessurveyresultsfrompreviousherdretirementsthatwhileeconomicsdrivesmanytosubmitbidsmanyproducersalsoarelookingfanopptunitytostopdairyingpermanentlybecauseofhealthfamilysucces

12、sionissues”Tillisonsaid“Infactmanyjustwantagracefulwaytoexitthebusinessaftermanydecadesofmilkingcows.”CooperativesWkingTogetherisbeingfundedbydairycooperativesindividualdairyfarmerswhoarecontributing10centsperhundredweig

13、htassessmentontheirmilkproductionthroughDecember2007.ThemoneyraisedbyCWT’sinvestmentisbeingapptionedamongseveralsupplyreductionprogramstoimprovethenationalallmilkprice.FmeonCWT’sactivitiesvisitwww.cwt.coop.OFARMfillsbarg

14、ainingroleSomeOPMCshavebeenganizedtoincreasemembermarketpowerthroughbargaininginfmationsharing.TheganicFarmersAgencyfRelationshipMarketing(OFARM)isanassociationwitheightOPMCmembers.Itisaninfmationsharingcooperativethatdo

15、esnotdirectlynegotiatepricescontracttermsfitsmembercoops.Butitallowsindividualcooperativestoactinconcertastheypricemarketproducts.Thusthemarketpowerofeachindividualcooperativeisenhancedbecausebuyersarepreventedfromplayin

16、gthemarketerfonecooperativeagainstthatfanother.OFARMcollectsinfmationoninventiesproductionmarketingpricingthensharesthisinfmationwithitsmembers.OFARMmembershaverecentlyconfrontedaverychallengingmarketsituationwithescalat

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