軟體生命周期模型瀑布

1、Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,Chapter 2軟體程序,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo),軟體程序簡(jiǎn)介ETVXM架構(gòu) 軟體程序的輪廓

2、預(yù)先開(kāi)發(fā)程序 軟體開(kāi)發(fā)程序,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo),軟體生命周期模型 同步與穩(wěn)定模型 無(wú)塵室程序模型 將通用軟體程序模型特殊化,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters &

3、Witold Pedrycz,軟體程序簡(jiǎn)介,通用等級(jí) 精練等級(jí) 基元等級(jí),Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.1　軟體程序的等級(jí)與架構(gòu),Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold P

4、edrycz,圖2.2　軟體程序的回饋系統(tǒng),Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,ETVXM架構(gòu),最早由Watts Humphrey於1989年所提出 圖2.2中的裁定因子、效應(yīng)因子與測(cè)量，定義出一個(gè)伴隨著回饋的「ETVXM程序架構(gòu)」（Entry、Task、Verify、Exit、Measure）,So

5、ftware Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.3　回饋與ETVXM間的關(guān)聯(lián),Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.4　預(yù)先設(shè)計(jì)的效應(yīng)因子程序,Software Engineer

6、ing – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.5　設(shè)計(jì)的效應(yīng)因子程序,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,軟體程序的輪廓,軟體的驗(yàn)證與確認(rèn) 軟體進(jìn)化 軟體生命周期程序,Software Engineer

7、ing – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.8　V&V程序的應(yīng)用,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.9　軟體文件的進(jìn)化,Software Engineering – An Engineerin

8、g Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.10　進(jìn)化樣式的框架,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.12　SLCM的範(fàn)例,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. P

9、eters & Witold Pedrycz,預(yù)先開(kāi)發(fā)程序,概念探索 系統(tǒng)配置 分析功能 定義架構(gòu) 取得欲開(kāi)發(fā)系統(tǒng)的硬體與軟體需求,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,軟體開(kāi)發(fā)程序,需求：決定系統(tǒng)必須的功能、活動(dòng)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與測(cè)試計(jì)劃 設(shè)計(jì)：確定系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)算方式、明確的功能及結(jié)構(gòu) 實(shí)作：

10、產(chǎn)生程式碼（source code）、文件及測(cè)試；確認(rèn)與驗(yàn)證,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,軟體生命周期模型,瀑布、增量及螺旋式模型 系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 雙贏的螺旋模型 進(jìn)化式模型 塑型式模型 物件導(dǎo)向模型 嵌入式系統(tǒng)程序模型,Software Engineering – An Enginee

11、ring Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.13　瀑布模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.14　增量式生命周期模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F.

12、 Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.15　螺旋式生命周期模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,表2.3　風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估表,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pe

13、drycz,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估時(shí)考量的因子,不當(dāng)事件可能發(fā)生的機(jī)率 p （0 <= p <= 1） 不當(dāng)事件發(fā)生時(shí)，預(yù)估的損失 L（如：軟體瑕疵造成的損失、喪失生命的數(shù)量）,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.16A　雙贏的螺旋模型,Software Engineering – A

14、n Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.16B　雙贏的協(xié)商模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.17　進(jìn)化式生命周期模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Appro

15、ach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.18　軟體開(kāi)發(fā)的塑型方法,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.19　物件導(dǎo)向生命周期模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Pet

16、ers & Witold Pedrycz,同步與穩(wěn)定模型,計(jì)劃階段 設(shè)計(jì)階段 穩(wěn)定化階段,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,圖2.23　同步與穩(wěn)定模型,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters &

17、; Witold Pedrycz,無(wú)塵室程序模型,Entry（進(jìn)入）：展開(kāi)工作前須符合的條件 Feedback（回饋）：對(duì)於一個(gè)工作，來(lái)自其它程序的輸入；工作的輸出作為其它程序之輸入 Task（工作）：須完成的是什麼，由誰(shuí)、如何及何時(shí)去完成,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,無(wú)塵室程序模型,Veri

18、fication（驗(yàn)證）：確認(rèn)工作的完成，檢查工作產(chǎn)品是否符合規(guī) Exit（離開(kāi)）：結(jié)束工作前須符合的結(jié)果、格式及準(zhǔn)則 Measurement（測(cè)量）：必要的工作測(cè)量、輸出與回饋,Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach, James F. Peters & Witold Pedrycz,將通用軟體程序模型特殊化,能引導(dǎo)軟體增量工作依序進(jìn)行揭示展開(kāi)工作所需要的細(xì)節(jié)