車(chē)輛工程外文翻譯--差速器和后車(chē)軸

1、<p><b>　　附 錄1</b></p><p>　　Differential and Rear Axles</p><p>　　The differential is part of the rear-axle-housing assembly, which includes the differential, rear axles, wheels,

2、and bearings. If the car were to be driven in a straight line without having to make turns, then no differential would be necessary. However, when the car rounds a turn, the outer wheel must travel farther than the inner

3、 wheel. The differential permits the two rear wheels to rotate different amounts when the car goes around a turn, while still delivering power to both rear wheels.</p><p>　　The rear axles are attached to the

4、 wheels and have bevel side gears on their inner ends. The differential case is assembled on the left axle but can rotate on a bearing independently of the axle.The differential case supports the differential-pinion gear

5、 on a shaft, and this gear meshes with the two bevel gears. The ring gear is attached to the differential case so that the case rotates with the ring gear when the later is driven by the drive pinion.The driving power en

6、ters the differential thro</p><p>　　Attached to the ring gear (through the differential case) is a differential-pinion shaft on which are assembled two differential-pinion gears. Each rear car wheel has a se

7、parate axle, and there are two side gears splined to the inner ends of the two wheel axles. The two differential-pinion gears mesh with these two side gears. When the car is on a straight road, the two differential-pinio

8、n gears do not rotate on the pinion shaft, but they do exert pressure on the two side gears so that the side </p><p>　　The differential case is supported in the carrier by two tapered-roller side bearings. T

9、his assembly can be adjusted from side to side to provide the proper backlash between the ring gear and pinion and the required side bearing preload. This adjustment is achieved by threaded bearing adjusters on some unit

10、s and the placement of selective shims and spacers on others.</p><p>　　Transaxle final drive gears provide the means for transmitting transmission output torque to the differential section of the transaxle.

11、The differential section of the transaxle has the same components as the differential gears in a RWD axle and basically operate in the same way. The power flow in transversely mounted power trains is in line with the whe

12、els and therefore the differential unit does not need to turn the power 90 degrees.</p><p>　　When the car rounds a curve, the outer wheel must turn faster than the inner wheel. To permit this, the two pinio

13、n gears rotate on their pinion shaft, transmitting more turning movement to the outer side gear than to the inner side gear. Thus, the side gear on the outer-wheel axle turns more rapidly than the side gear on the inner-

14、wheel axle. This permits the outer wheel to turn more rapidly while the car is rounding the curve.There are two basic types of axle: dead axles and live axle. The dead</p><p>　　Propeller Shaft and Universal

15、Joint</p><p>　　The propeller shaft is a drive shaft to carry the power from the transmission to the rear-wheel axles. It connects the transmission main, shaft carries through the propeller shaft to the diffe

16、rential at the rear axles. Rotary motion of the transmission main shaft carries through the propeller shaft to the differential, causing the rear wheels to rotate.</p><p>　　The propeller-shaft design must ta

17、ke two facts into consideration. First, the engine and transmission are more or less rigidly attached to the car frame. Second, the rear-axle housing (with wheels and differential) is attached to the frame by springs. As

18、 the rear wheels encounter irregularities in the road, the springs compress or expand. This changes the angle of drive and the distance between the transmission and the differential, and the propeller shaft may take care

19、 of these two changes. Tha</p><p>　　The propeller shaft may be solid or hollow, protected by an outer tube or exposed. Some applications include bearings at or near the propeller shaft center to support the

20、shaft. The two-section propeller is supported by a center bearing and coupled together by universal joints. A universal joint is essentially a double- hinged joint consisting of two Y-shaped yokes, one on the driving sha

21、ft and the other on the driven shaft, and across-shaped member called the spider. The four arms of the spider</p><p>　　A slip joint consists of outside splines on one shaft and matching internal splines in t

22、he mating hollow shaft, the splines cause the two shafts to rotate together but permit the two to move endwise with each other. This accommodates any effective change of length of the propeller shaft as the rear axles mo

23、ve toward or away from the car frame.</p><p><b>　　差速器和后車(chē)軸</b></p><p>　　差速器是后車(chē)軸體系的一部分，此體系包括差速器，后車(chē)軸，輪子和軸承。如果直線行車(chē)而不轉(zhuǎn)彎，則不需要差速器。然而，車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，外面輪子的速度必須比里面的輪子快。差速器保證車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)外面輪子的旋轉(zhuǎn)比里面輪子快，同時(shí)給兩個(gè)后車(chē)輪提供動(dòng)

24、力。</p><p>　　后車(chē)軸和輪子相連，并且在內(nèi)部的終端有傾斜齒輪。差速器在左車(chē)軸，但是能在車(chē)軸的軸承上獨(dú)立旋轉(zhuǎn)。差速器能使差速副齒輪作用于一個(gè)柄上，齒輪和兩個(gè)斜齒輪互相咬合。環(huán)行齒輪和差速裝置相連，從而使這個(gè)裝置在副齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)和環(huán)行齒輪一起旋轉(zhuǎn)。通過(guò)驅(qū)動(dòng)力作用于副齒輪的柄上，驅(qū)動(dòng)力進(jìn)入差速器。驅(qū)動(dòng)副齒輪和大的環(huán)行齒輪互相咬合，從而使環(huán)行齒輪和副齒輪一起旋轉(zhuǎn)。</p><p>　　環(huán)行

25、齒輪上（穿過(guò)差速裝置）是一個(gè)差速副齒輪柄，柄上是兩個(gè)差速副齒輪。每個(gè)后車(chē)輪上各有一個(gè)車(chē)軸，兩個(gè)車(chē)輪的內(nèi)側(cè)邊緣都有兩個(gè)齒輪夾板。這兩個(gè)差速副齒輪和兩個(gè)邊緣齒輪互相咬合。當(dāng)車(chē)在公路上直線行駛時(shí)，兩個(gè)差速副齒輪不在副齒輪柄上旋轉(zhuǎn)，但是它們施力于兩個(gè)邊緣齒輪，從而使邊緣齒輪和環(huán)行齒輪速度相當(dāng)，使兩個(gè)后車(chē)輪在轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)速度相同。差速裝置由兩個(gè)滾動(dòng)的副軸承支持。這個(gè)裝置可以從一邊到另一邊進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)用以在環(huán)行齒輪，副齒輪和副軸承之間提供反撞。通過(guò)螺絲軸承的

26、調(diào)節(jié)和每一邊墊片的代替，這種調(diào)節(jié)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　橫軸最后讓齒輪提供傳輸，傳輸使轉(zhuǎn)矩和傳輸車(chē)軸的差速部分相連。傳輸車(chē)軸的差速部分和RWD車(chē)軸的差速齒輪有相同的組成部分，基本上以相同的方式運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。這種力使火車(chē)和輪子在同一直線上，因此差速部分不需要以90度角轉(zhuǎn)彎。</p><p>　　當(dāng)車(chē)曲線行駛時(shí)，外輪要比內(nèi)輪轉(zhuǎn)得快。為了保證這一點(diǎn)，兩個(gè)副齒輪在其柄上旋轉(zhuǎn)，向外輪提供比內(nèi)輪更多的

27、動(dòng)力。但是，外輪車(chē)軸的邊緣齒輪比內(nèi)輪邊緣齒輪轉(zhuǎn)得快。這就保證了車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)外輪比內(nèi)輪轉(zhuǎn)得快。車(chē)軸有兩種基本類(lèi)型：固定車(chē)軸和活動(dòng)車(chē)軸。固定車(chē)軸不能旋轉(zhuǎn)；輪子在上面旋轉(zhuǎn)。以馬車(chē)為例。活動(dòng)車(chē)軸和輪子在一起，從而使兩個(gè)輪子和車(chē)軸一起旋轉(zhuǎn)?；顒?dòng)車(chē)軸根據(jù)他們支持的方式分類(lèi)；半活動(dòng)，四分之三活動(dòng)和全活動(dòng)。</p><p><b>　　推進(jìn)器柄和聯(lián)軸節(jié)</b></p><p>　　推進(jìn)器

28、柄是一種驅(qū)動(dòng)柄，能使力傳輸?shù)胶筝嗆?chē)軸。它連接傳輸主柄，通過(guò)推進(jìn)器柄帶動(dòng)到后車(chē)軸的差速裝置。主柄的傳輸旋轉(zhuǎn)通過(guò)推進(jìn)器柄到差速裝置，使后車(chē)輪旋轉(zhuǎn)。</p><p>　　推進(jìn)器的設(shè)計(jì)必須將以下兩個(gè)因素考慮在內(nèi)。首先，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和傳輸裝置的堅(jiān)硬度要和車(chē)框差不多。其次，后車(chē)軸裝置（包括車(chē)輪和差速裝置）通過(guò)發(fā)條連接到車(chē)框。當(dāng)后車(chē)輪在公路上違規(guī)，發(fā)條擠壓或膨脹。這就改變了驅(qū)動(dòng)以傳輸和差速裝置之間的距離，并且推進(jìn)器柄會(huì)照應(yīng)這兩種變化

29、。這就是說(shuō)，后車(chē)軸裝置，差速裝置和輪子，上下移動(dòng)，傳輸柄之間改變。推進(jìn)器柄縮短的原因是后車(chē)軸和差速移動(dòng)的弧比推進(jìn)器柄的小。車(chē)軸裝置弧的中心點(diǎn)是連接到框架后發(fā)條或控制臂。為了使推進(jìn)器柄適應(yīng)這兩個(gè)變化，必須有兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的裝置。這必須有一個(gè)或更多的聯(lián)軸節(jié)以保證裝置的多樣化。必須有一個(gè)滑動(dòng)節(jié)保證推進(jìn)器柄改變長(zhǎng)度時(shí)的效率。</p><p>　　推進(jìn)器柄可以是實(shí)的也可以是空的，由一個(gè)管子維持著。一些施用包括推進(jìn)器中心或附近那些

30、支持柄的軸承。這個(gè)兩部分推進(jìn)器由中心軸承和聯(lián)軸節(jié)一起支持。在雙鉸鏈中聯(lián)軸節(jié)是必不可少的，它包含兩個(gè)Y型軛，一個(gè)在驅(qū)動(dòng)柄上，另一個(gè)在被驅(qū)動(dòng)柄上，還有個(gè)十字形裝置叫星形輪。星形輪的四臂叫耳軸，集中在兩個(gè)柄軛的終端。驅(qū)動(dòng)柄使星形輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，星形輪上的另兩個(gè)耳軸使驅(qū)動(dòng)柄轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)兩個(gè)柄互相疊壓時(shí)，軛的軸承保證軛在每個(gè)耳軸上旋轉(zhuǎn)。多種聯(lián)軸節(jié)已經(jīng)用于汽車(chē)中，但是通用的種類(lèi)只有星形輪和雙軛輪，速效輪，和球耳軸聯(lián)節(jié)。</p><p>