多傳感器檢測系統(tǒng)信號處理研究外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外 文 翻 譯</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計題目： 多傳感器檢測系統(tǒng)信號處理研究 </p><p>　　原文1： 911plus CTD SYSTEM OPERATING </p>

2、<p>　　AND REPAIR MANUAL 5-1 </p><p>　　譯文1： 911plus CTD系統(tǒng)的操作和維修手冊 5-1 </p><p>　　原文2： 911plus CTD SYSTEM OPERATING

3、 </p><p>　　AND REPAIR MANUAL 5-2 </p><p>　　譯文2：911plus CTD系統(tǒng)的操作和維修手冊 5-2 1-3 </p>&

4、lt;p>　　TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR (UNDERWATER UNIT PROBLEMS)</p><p>　　(原文1) LIFE-THREATENING HIGH VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT IN BOTH DECK UNIT AND UNDERWATER UNIT WHEN POWER IS ON. THESE HAZARDOUS VOLTAGES PE

5、RSIST FOR UP TO ONE MINUTE AFTER REMOVAL OF POWER..</p><p>　　THE BEST WAY TO PROTECT AGAINST ELECTRICAL SHOCK IS TO DISCONNECT THE AC POWER CORDS FROM THE REAR PANEL OF THE DECK UNIT, THEN WAIT A FULL MINUTE

6、 BEFORE ATTEMPTING SERVICE. </p><p>　　ALWAYS DISCONNECT THE AC POWER CORD BEFORE CHECKING FUSES!!! </p><p>　　For protection of the circuitry, we also recommend that AC power be removed and a 1 m

7、inute period for supply capacitor discharge be allowed before opening housings, changing connections, removing or inserting circuit cards, or otherwise working on the equipment. </p><p>　　If the data telemet

8、ry is OK (deck unit data light is on and error light off) but one or more channels is faulty, see Section 5-2 (Sensor Problems) before proceeding with work on the underwater unit; the problem may be a defective sensor. &

9、lt;/p><p>　　Read Section 4-1 which describes the operation of the underwater unit circuitry. Refer also to the section titled 'schematics' which contains the underwater unit schematic diagrams. </p&g

10、t;<p>　　All voltages are measured relative to pin 2 of any plug-in card; this is main signal/power ground for the underwater unit.</p><p>　　5-1.1 UNDERWATER UNIT COMPLETELY INOPERATIVE </p><

11、;p>　　Make sure that the deck unit is supplying the proper sea cable voltage (250 volts). If there is no sea-cable voltage, the seacable rear panel fuse may be blown. </p><p>　　With SEARAM units, see that

12、SEARAM is supplying the proper voltage to the CTD (12 - 15 volts). </p><p>　　Look for the presence of the telemetry waveform across the sea cable. USE EXTREME CAUTION IN PERFORMING THIS OBSERVATION. THE SEA

13、CABLE VOLTAGE IS POTENTIALLY LIFE-THREATENING! </p><p>　　ALLOW 1 MINUTE AFTER POWER-DOWN FOR POWER SUPPLY DISCHARGE BEFORE MAKING CONNECTIONS TO THE SEA CABLE OUTPUT CONNECTOR. If the telemetry waveform is p

14、resent, the trouble is probably in the deck unit. </p><p>　　If the telemetry waveform is not present at the deck unit, measure the sea cable current which will be in the range of 50 to 220 milliamperes depen

15、ding on the underwater unit configuration. </p><p>　　If the sea cable voltage is present, but no current is being drawn by the underwater unit, there is either a break in the sea cable, or an open circuit in

16、 the cable interface circuitry inside the underwater unit.</p><p>　　Assuming that there is no break in the sea cable, turn off the deck unit power, refer to Section 6-1 and open the Underwater Unit housing,

17、but leave the electronics chassis connected to the top end cap. </p><p>　　Restore deck unit power and measure the internal supply voltages (relative to pin 2): +5, +15 and -15 at pins 1, 5, and 3 respectivel

18、y of the Analog interface boards. </p><p>　　If there is no voltage at any point on the backplane, the sea cable interface circuitry is either defective or is not receiving power from the sea cable. Check tha

19、t the Sea-cable Interface is receiving the correct input voltage (250 volts). </p><p>　　If no voltage is present at the inputs to the DC/DC converters, the series pass transistor Q1 on the sea-cable interfac

20、e board may be open. </p><p>　　If the +5, +8, +15, or -15 volt levels are absent or in error by more than about 0.5 volts, remove all the underwater unit plug in printed circuit boards. Check the power suppl

21、y levels again - if these are now ok, the problem is probably in one of the plug-in boards. Start plugging boards in, beginning with the Transmitter (top) board. (Turn off power and wait one minute for supply discharge b

22、efore plugging in each board). If a board is found which appears to cause the drop in supply voltage, re</p><p>　　Check the board for dead shorts at the power input pins -an IC or one of the power supply byp

23、ass capacitors may be shorted. Also, carefully examine the board for any metallic material (solder, wire clippings, shavings) which may have inadvertently shorted the printed circuit traces or component pins. </p>

24、<p>　　With the board in the underwater unit chassis, look at the board outputs and inputs for signal irregularities. The logic levels are 5 volt CMOS and should swing the full 0 to +5 volts. </p><p>　　

25、If the power supply levels are not ok with the plug-in boards removed, check the backplane wiring for broken connections or wires, and for any shorted connections. Check that the input voltage to the DC/DC converters is

26、correct. If so, one of the converters may be defective, or one of the by-pass capacitors across the converter outputs may be shorted.</p><p>　　5-1.2 POWER SUPPLIES OK BUT NO DATA </p><p>　　Check

27、 Logic Board pin 3 for the NRZ logic level. If this signal is present, check phase-reversing output at Transmitter Board pin 8. </p><p>　　If the phase-encoded signal is present at the Transmitter Board outpu

28、t, the problem is in the transformer coupling to the sea-cable, or in the sea-cable wiring itself. </p><p>　　If the phase-encoded signal is missing (or wrong in frequency or waveform), check for proper outpu

29、t signals from the Logic 1 Board. The following should be observed: </p><p>　　Pin 5 FR 27,648 kHz (square wave) </p><p>　　Pin 4 FR/4 6,912 kHz (square wave) </p><p>　　Pi

30、n H 69120 Hz (square wave) </p><p>　　Pin 6 8640 (square wave)</p><p>　　If the signals described above are ok on the Logic Board alone, reinstall the remaining circuit boards on

31、e-by-one, checking the suspect signal after each card is installed until the faulty card is located.</p><p>　　5-1.3 ONE OR MORE NON-FUNCTIONING CHANNELS </p><p>　　If a frequency channel is givin

32、g improper readings, check that the sensor signal is present on AP counter board (pins 7 and H on the backplane, found on the right edge of the small board that the coax cabling is mounted to). These are 2 volt p-p sine

33、waves in the frequency range of 2800 - 12000 Hz for temperature and conductivity and a 4 volt square wave in the range 35000 to 40000 Hz for the pressure sensor. </p><p>　　If one of the sensor outputs is fau

34、lty, remove that channel's AP Counter Board - if this restores the signal, the AP Board has a defective input. Try one of the other AP Counters (the five boards are identical) in the offending channel position. </

35、p><p>　　If the AP Counter inputs are ok, try swapping AP Counter Boards to locate the faulty one. If the problem stays with the same channel, check that the FR, SE, SC, and RESET, inputs are active. </p>

36、<p>　　If the problem is a faulty A/D channel, check that the inputs to the A/D Board multiplexer (pins D, F, H, J, L, 10, 8, 7) are as assumed. Check for +15 and -15 volts at the A/D Board. Look for the SE scan clo

37、ck at pin 9; this starts the (rapid ~ 50 μs/channel) acquisition of A/D channel data. Check that the SC shift clock is present at pin 6, and that serial data is present at pin 4.</p><p>　　5-1.4 PUMP NOT WORK

38、ING </p><p>　　CTDs shipped after 1 January 1990 have a "hard-wired" pump delay to facilitate pump priming. With this feature, the pump turn-on is enabled only after two conditions are met. First, t

39、he conductivity cell must be filled with seawater which causes the conductivity frequency to rise above the 0 conductivity frequency. Second, when the CTD senses the proper increase in frequency, it starts a 60 second de

40、lay timer. This delay allows sufficient time for the air in the tubing to escape through the air </p><p>　　Note: The control logic for this feature only functions on the "Primary" conductivity chan

41、nel. If the CTD is equipped with redundant T & C sensors and pumps, and you wish to deploy it with the "Primary" conductivity sensor removed, be sure to swap the "Secondary" T & C sensor pair

42、to the "Primary" T & C channel bulkhead connectors. </p><p>　　Note: with old water sampler systems that interrupt CTD power when tripping a bottle, wait 60 seconds after bottle firing for the p

43、ump to restart (it is not necessary to wait when using the Sea-Bird subcarrier modem / rosette interface system). </p><p>　　Make sure that the pump cable is not cut or otherwise damaged and that the rubber m

44、olded plug is fully mated to the pump housing connector. Unplug the pump from its external cable. Apply +12 volts to the pump housing's small connector pin, return to the large pin. Look for a current drain of about

45、300 milliamperes and listen for the pump running. If the pump passes this test, the problem is in the main housing or in the cabling. Disassemble the underwater unit and perform the following tests. </p><p>

46、　　Unplug the conductivity sensor. Connect a audio signal generator (approximately 2 volts p-p output) at pin 7 (return to pin H) of the AP Counter Board for primary conductivity (C1). Set the generator frequency to about

47、 2500 Hz. Observe the squared signal at U2A output. Measure the voltage at pin L which should be zero. Increase the generator frequency to about 4000 Hz. The voltage at pin L should now be 5 volts. If not, the one-shot U

48、3B or the buffer U2B is defective. </p><p>　　If the voltage at C1 AP Counter Board pin L responds properly, make sure that it also appears at the Transmitter Board pin K. 60 seconds after Transmitter Board p

49、in K goes high, pin L should also go high (to nearly 15 volts). If this is the case, the problem is in the wiring to the pump external connector.</p><p>　　作者：SEA-BIRD電子股份有限公司</p><p>　　國籍：

50、美國</p><p>　　出處：SEA-BIRD電子股份有限公司</p><p>　　SENSOR PROBLEMS</p><p>　　（原文2）：Apparent sensor problems may be the result of trouble with the cables or the acquisition circuitry

51、 in the underwater unit, or the trouble may be nothing more than an incorrect entry of the sensor calibration coefficients. The conductivity and temperature sensors have identical power and output characteristics, and ma

52、y be freely interchanged to help localize the fault. </p><p>　　Although repair of these sensors is certainly possible, it is not likely that repairs can be made without affecting the sensor's calibration

53、. The Sea-Bird sensors are small and easily replaced in the field; as they are supplied with calibration coefficients, a spare sensor can get a failed unit into fully operating and calibrated condition with a minimum of

54、trouble. Sea-Bird is also always ready to send replacement sensors by air courier immediately upon notification of a failure.</p><p>　　5-2.1 CONDUCTIVITY AND TEMPERATURE SENSORS </p><p>　　If a s

55、ensor is generating conductivity, temperature, or pressure-dependent frequency but the indicated value is significantly erroneous, check that the coefficients used in the processing software are as stated on the calibrat

56、ion certificates supplied with the sensor. CAUTION - The environment inside the sensor housing was completely desiccated and backfilled with pure argon prior to factory calibration. Opening the housing will introduce hum

57、idity (atmospheric water vapor) which will cause an im</p><p>　　Swap the cable connections to the temperature and conductivity sensors to verify the operation of the acquisition circuit (SEASOFT permits the

58、reversal of the channel assignments to permit the proper display of temperature or conductivity when this is done - use the SEACON program to do this). </p><p>　　If no frequency indication occurs with the se

59、nsors swapped, disconnect the rubber molded plug from the sensor connector. +15 volts should be measured between the large pin and one of the small pins (if the large pin is up when looking into the plug, the +15 should

60、be found on the left side small pin). </p><p>　　The proper functioning of a frequency channel may be confirmed by connecting a frequency source (square or sine wave, 2 - 5 volts p-p) to right side small pin

61、(as defined above) and the large (ground) pin of the sensor cable. The deck unit should read the frequency of the generator. </p><p>　　The sensors may also be checked separately from the CTD by connecting a

62、power source of 10 to 20 volts and observing the frequency output with an oscilloscope. </p><p>　　Application Note No. 3 (in the 'app notes' section of this document) explains temperature/ conductivi

63、ty sensor disassembly instructions. Look for broken leads or evidence of water leakage.</p><p>　　5-2.2 PRESSURE SENSOR </p><p>　　Internal pressure sensors are mounted inside foam insulation near

64、 the bottom of the card file. The red lead should be at +8 volts, the black lead at power common. The blue lead should be connected to Backplane via the small board that the sensor cabling is secured to. A properly opera

65、ting sensor will exhibit a square wave frequency in the range 32 to 40 kHz at this point. For a discussion of possible fault conditions associated with this and subsequent acquisition circuitry, see Section 5-1.3 ab</

66、p><p>　　It is not possible to perform field repairs on a defective pressure sensor; any repair work must be done at the factory. </p><p>　　The temperature compensation of the pressure makes use of

67、a solid-state (bandgap) temperature sensor embedded in the pressure sensor. This element (Analog Devices type AD590) is a 2-terminal device which generates a current proportional to absolute temperature (1 microampere pe

68、r °K). The current is input to an op amp on the Modulo 12P board; a current of opposite polarity is derived from the REF02 / Op215 reference and used as an offset source. The current difference is scaled through the

69、 95K oh</p><p>　　The white lead (from the pressure sensor) goes to -15 volts. The orange lead connects to pin 10 of the Modulo 12P board. Disconnect this lead and connect through a microammeter to power comm

70、on. If the sensor is working correctly, the current should be approximately equal (in microamperes) to the ambient temperature in °K. If the temperature sensor appears to be ok, check the voltage levels associated w

71、ith Modulo 12P board U3.</p><p>　　5-2.3The dissolved oxygen sensor</p><p>　　The dissolved oxygen sensor should show a sensor current channel output of approximately +5 volts when the system is p

72、owered up. This 'saturation' condition will continue for up to a minute or two, after which the output will steadily decline until a stable reading (typically 2 volts) representative of atmospheric oxygen level i

73、s maintained. </p><p>　　If the oxygen current channel voltage is zero upon power up, the sensor is defective. This condition can be caused by the sensor module proper (the small brown plastic element at the

74、top of the DO sensor) breaking contact. See the Disassembly instructions in the 'dissolved oxygen' section which describe how the sense module's electrical contact is made. </p><p>　　The electric

75、al cable connecting the DO probe to the main CTD housing should be checked. Disconnect the cable from the probe and check for +15 volts between the large pin (common) and the left-hand pin (viewed from face with large pi

76、n up). Put a voltage source of approximately 5 volts between the large pin and the bottom small pin: the deck unit should read about 1024 (thumbwheel set the 3, left 4 digits of display). Connect to the right small pin:

77、read 1024 on the right hand 4 digits. </p><p>　　The DO probe housing may be disassembled to allow checking for broken wires, water leakage, etc</p><p>　　1-3.1 CTD SENSORS </p><p>　　

78、The temperature sensor (model SBE 3plus) is a compact module containing a pressure-protected high-speed thermistor and ‘Wein bridge oscillator’ interface electronics. The thermistor is the variable element in the Wein-br

79、idge, while a precision Vishay resistor and two ultra-stable capacitors form the fixed components. The conductivity sensor (model SBE 4C) is similar in operation and configuration to the temperature sensor, except that t

80、he Wein-bridge variable element is the cell resistance. The </p><p>　　Sea-Bird conductivity and temperature sensors are calibrated by immersing them in a variable conductivity/temperature bath, while the pre

81、ssure sensor is calibrated using a dead-weight pressure generator. The sensor output frequencies are tabulated along with the known physical input conditions of C, T, and P and the results used to obtain a series of cali

82、bration coefficients. The sensor frequency as output by the CTD deck unit is then the input to a conversion equation which - along with the ori</p><p>　　Embedded in the pressure sensor is a semiconductor tem

83、perature sensor used to compensate the small ambient temperature sensitivity of the Digiquartz.. The calibration information for each sensor (C, T, and P) is contained in a series of numeric coefficients used in equation

84、s relating frequency to the measured parameter. </p><p>　　SBE 9plus CTDs are shipped with SBE 3plus and SBE 4C sensors equipped with Sea-Bird's TC duct. </p><p>　　This accessory, in addition

85、 to the SBE 5 pump provides uniform and constant flow of sea water past the temperature and conductivity sensors. The physical configuration of the duct causes the time interval between temperature and conductivity measu

86、rements to be known and constant. Knowledge of the time interval between measurements allows salinity calculations to be made with measurements from the same parcel of water. </p><p>　　For a detailed discuss

87、ion of the theory of operation of the SBE 4 (and by close analogy, the SBE 3plus), refer to the paper 'Development of a Small in-situ Conductivity Instrument' at the end of this manual. </p><p>　　App

88、lication Note 38 describes the TC duct; refer to the 'app notes' section of this manual for more information. See also, individual specification sheets for SBE 3plus Premium CTD Temperature sensor and SBE 4 Condu

89、ctivity sensor, also located at the end of this manual.</p><p>　　作者：SEA-BIRD電子股份有限公司</p><p>　　國籍：美國</p><p>　　出處：SEA-BIRD電子股份有限公司</p><p>　　故障診斷和維修（水下設(shè)備

90、的問題）</p><p>　　（譯文1）當(dāng)啟動電源時在甲板單元和水下裝置產(chǎn)生危及生命的高電壓。這些危險電壓持續(xù)長達(dá)一分鐘后斷電。防觸電保護(hù)的最佳途徑是斷開交流電源線從甲板單元后面板，然后等待一分鐘，然后再嘗試服務(wù)。務(wù)必斷開AC電源線前檢查保險絲的??！</p><p>　　為了保護(hù)電路我們還是建議斷開交流電后用1分鐘的時間給電容放電在打開外殼，改變連接，刪除或插入電路卡，或其他設(shè)備上的工作之

91、前。</p><p>　　如果數(shù)據(jù)的遙測是好的（甲板裝置數(shù)據(jù)指示燈是亮的并且錯誤指示燈關(guān)閉），但一個或多個通道故障，請參閱第5-2（傳感器問題）在進(jìn)行水下單元工作之前，問題可能是由傳感器引起的。</p><p>　　閱讀第4-1章關(guān)于水下單元電路的操作的介紹。另外請參閱這節(jié)題為“圖解”，其中包含水下裝置示意圖。</p><p>　　所有電壓信號的測量都是依賴于任一插

92、卡的引腳2，這是水下單元的主信號和地面電源。</p><p>　　5-1.1水下單元完全失效</p><p>　　確保甲板單位提供給海底電纜適當(dāng)?shù)碾妷海?50伏特）。如果海底電纜沒有電壓，海底電纜后方面板保險絲可能被燒斷。</p><p>　　對與SEARAM單位可以看到它提供給CTD適當(dāng)?shù)碾妷海?2 - 15伏）。</p><p>　　通過

93、海底電纜查找遙測波形的存在。用謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度去檢測，因為海底電纜的電壓是可能危及生命！</p><p>　　電源掉電1分鐘后才被允許連接海底電纜輸出連接器。</p><p>　　如果遙測波形存在，問題可能在甲板單元。</p><p>　　如果遙測波形不存在甲板單元，測量海底電纜的電流它們將在水下單元的配置的50至220毫安范圍內(nèi)。</p><p>

94、;　　如果海底電纜電壓存在，但沒有電流通過水下單元就可能有一處海底電纜斷裂或者是水下單元內(nèi)部接口電路開路。</p><p>　　假使海底電纜沒有出現(xiàn)斷裂，關(guān)閉甲板單元設(shè)備電源，參閱第6-1章節(jié)打開水下單元的機(jī)箱，但讓電子機(jī)箱連接到頂部端蓋。</p><p>　　恢復(fù)甲板設(shè)備的電源和測量內(nèi)部供電電壓（連接2引腳）：+5+15和-15在引腳分別連模擬接口板得1，5和3。</p>

95、<p>　　如果沒有在背板上檢測到任何電壓，可能是海底電纜的接口電路有缺陷或者接受不了來自海底電纜的電源。檢查海底電纜接口是否接收正確的輸入電壓（250V）。</p><p>　　如果目前沒有輸入DC/DC變換器，則該系列通過海底電纜的接口板上的晶體管Q1可能開著。</p><p>　　如果+5，+8，+15或-15伏誤差超過了0.5伏，刪除所有在印刷電路板上水下單元的插頭。再次

96、檢測電源水平，如果這些現(xiàn)在可以了，問題可能出在一個插件板上。開始插入板內(nèi)，從變送器（頂部）板開始。（關(guān)閉電源然后在插每塊板之前等待供應(yīng)放電一分鐘）。如果一塊板被發(fā)現(xiàn)引起電源電壓下降，請參閱第4-1章節(jié)中的電路描述和電路板的原理圖。</p><p>　　檢查板子的死短在電源輸入引腳IC或繞過檢查的電容其中的一個發(fā)生了短路。此外，仔細(xì)檢查板上的任何金屬材料（焊錫，導(dǎo)線，刨花），其中可能存在不慎短路的印制板電路或元件引

97、腳的痕跡。</p><p>　　用規(guī)范的行為看看水下單元機(jī)箱內(nèi)的板得輸出和輸入信號。邏輯電平5伏的CMOS應(yīng)該在0到+5伏內(nèi)擺動。</p><p>　　如果伴隨著插件板的刪除電源供應(yīng)水平不正常，請檢查背板布線是否有破損的電線連線或任何短路連接。檢查輸入電壓的DC/DC轉(zhuǎn)換是否正確。如果是這樣，其中的一個轉(zhuǎn)換器可能出現(xiàn)故障，或在轉(zhuǎn)換器輸出旁路上的一個電容出現(xiàn)短路。</p>&l

98、t;p>　　5-1.2電源正常但沒數(shù)據(jù)</p><p>　　檢查邏輯板上引腳3的NRZ邏輯電平。如果這個信號存在，在變送器板8號引腳上檢查反相輸出。</p><p>　　如果在變送器輸出端出現(xiàn)相位編碼信號，那么這個為題是在變送器耦合到海底電纜，或者海底電纜本身的布線問題。</p><p>　　如果相位編碼信號丟失（或錯在頻率或波形），從邏輯1板檢查正確的輸出信

99、號。遵從如下：</p><p>　　引腳5 FR 27648KHz(方波)</p><p>　　引腳4 FR/4 6912KHz（方波）</p><p>　　引腳H 69120Hz(方波)</p><p>　　引腳6

100、 8640 Hz（方波）</p><p>　　引腳9 SE 24Hz(方波)</p><p>　　如果獨立在邏輯板上上述信號是正常的，那么重新安裝剩余的電路板一個接一個，檢查可以的信號直到找到出現(xiàn)故障的卡為止。</p><p>　　5-1.3一個或多個非運作渠道</p><p>　　如果頻道給予了不當(dāng)?shù)?/p>