外文翻譯--重型越野汽車斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的研發(fā)

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p><b>　　附錄A</b></p><p>　　Heavy Off-Road Vehicle Drive Axle Of Breaking</p><p>　　The important thing is, in the great assembly at

2、the end of the transmission. Its basic function is increased by the transmission shaft or directly by the torque, came to the torque distribution to left and right drive wheels, and make the right and left wheel drive ca

3、r has required the kinematics differential function, While carrying the spring load and the car wheel, the frame of the body through suspension or integral to plumb-lines, longitudinal and transverse force and moment for

4、ce, Also th</p><p>　　Drive structure and driving wheel is closely related to the suspension structure. When driving wheel using an independent suspension, using the broken open axles, When driving wheels ado

5、pt independent suspension, match with breaking drive axles, independent suspension. Look from exterior, independent suspension axles connectionless left and right of the whole bridge rigid driving wheel, shell is bridge

6、housing, and other relative movement between. This bridge is installed in the middle frame or </p><p>　　Based on the development of China's heavy independent suspension of six x 6 cross-country car cut o

7、ff from the drive axles, for example, is insufficient, the development technology independent suspension drive axle of necessity and independent suspension drive axle of structural principle in aspects of heavy off-road

8、vehicle drive with independent suspension of this development.</p><p>　　1 Domestic independent suspension drive technology situation</p><p>　　At present domestic independent suspension axles in

9、cars, light off-road vehicle and JN252 8 x 8, etc ZhongDunWei military car has been applied and independent suspension heavy off-road vehicle axles technology is basically blank, Foreign independent suspension heavy off-

10、road vehicle axles technology also only by American company, belarus, Minsk Sisu, Finland has TIMONEY company and Korea etc, and application scope of military and civilian limitations in some special models.</p>&

11、lt;p>　　2 Develop independent suspension drive axle of necessity</p><p>　　In recent years, with independent suspension off-road vehicle market demand more and more widely. Restrict independent suspension o

12、ff-road vehicle development is one of the key factors, thus breaking drive axles of the necessity of developing broken off.</p><p>　　2.1Military car development needs</p><p>　　Currently our exte

13、nsive use of grade 6 x 6 type 7t SX2190 models is shaanxi automobile manufacturing factory using STEYR technology development of new generation rover, has good performance, and strong adaptability, good performance advan

14、tages over the past 20 years for national defense construction made great contribution. The truck with 8 x 8 upward-leading continuous casting.the JN2270 15t and capability of type x 8 August JN2300 type, the successful

15、development of China's second DaiJun car d</p><p>　　2.2The basic needs of national construction</p><p>　　For many years, our national economy is developing rapidly, and infrastructure invest

16、ment growth, hydroelectric power, oil field, mine, coal and other industries such as fire like tea. The industry is inseparable from the high quality, the high performance of transport vehicles, independent suspension of

17、f-road vehicle is among the top. However, these vehicles almost entirely on imports, spent a great deal of foreign exchange. To develop a replacement model is of great significance to meet the ma</p><p>　　3

18、Independent suspension structure theory. Drive axle of</p><p>　　China's heavy automobile group company with development and production status, independent development drive axle of the independent suspen

19、sion 6 x 6 cross-country car drive shaft cut off big Hollywood. According to 6 x 6 independent suspension chassis design requirements, in this model adopted high transmission fault type axles. The first thing is to cut o

20、ff to drive, high of double bridge for breaking through the medium-sized Bridges, rear axles turn for breaking steering of high axles. Three </p><p>　　4 conclusion</p><p>　　With independent susp

21、ension car of rapid development, large-tonnage breaking drive axle of development of necessity and urgency. It not only can greatly improve the car ride and mobility, also for automobile driving performance such as power

22、, economy, and has a direct impact on the stability, etc. Both can satisfy the military modernization needs, also can meet the needs of the development of national economy, therefore has the important practical significa

23、nce.</p><p><b>　　附錄B</b></p><p>　　重型越野汽車斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的研發(fā)</p><p>　　驅(qū)動(dòng)橋是汽車的重要大總成 ,處于傳動(dòng)系的末端。其基本功能是增大由傳動(dòng)軸或直接由變速箱傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩 ,將轉(zhuǎn)矩分配給左、右驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪 ,并使左、右車輪具有汽車行駛運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)所要求的差速功能 ;同時(shí)承載著汽車的簧上荷重及地面經(jīng)車輪、車

24、架或承載式車身經(jīng)懸架給予鉛垂力、縱向力、橫向力及其力矩 ;還傳遞著傳動(dòng)系中的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩 ,橋殼還承受著反作用力矩。</p><p>　　驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的結(jié)構(gòu)型式與驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪的懸架結(jié)構(gòu)密切相關(guān)。當(dāng)驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪采用非獨(dú)立懸架時(shí),采用非斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋;當(dāng)驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪采用獨(dú)立懸架時(shí),則配以斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋,即獨(dú)立懸架驅(qū)動(dòng)橋。從外觀上看,獨(dú)立懸架驅(qū)動(dòng)橋無連接左、右驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的剛性整體橋殼,它的橋殼是分段的,且彼此之間可作相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。這種橋的中段安裝在車架

25、或承載式車身上,并與傳動(dòng)軸及一部分驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪傳動(dòng)裝置的質(zhì)量同屬于汽車的懸掛質(zhì)量,而兩側(cè)的驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪則以獨(dú)立懸架的彈性元件與車架或車廂作弱性聯(lián)接。因此,兩側(cè)的驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪可以彼此獨(dú)立地相對(duì)于車架或車廂做上、下擺動(dòng),相應(yīng)要求左、右半軸及其相應(yīng)外殼作相應(yīng)的擺動(dòng)。汽車采用斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋,則非懸掛質(zhì)量小而且它又與獨(dú)立懸架相匹配,可使驅(qū)動(dòng)輪接地情況及對(duì)各種路況適應(yīng)性較好,這樣便可大大減少汽車在不平路面上行駛時(shí)振動(dòng)沖擊和車身的傾斜,減小車輪和車橋上的動(dòng)載荷,提

26、高汽車的行駛平順性,提高汽車平均行駛速度;減少零件的損壞,提高其可靠性并延長(zhǎng)其使用壽命。</p><p>　　本文以中國(guó)重汽研制開發(fā)的獨(dú)立懸架6×6越野汽車的斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋?yàn)槔?從驅(qū)動(dòng)橋技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀的不足、開發(fā)獨(dú)立懸架驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的必要性及獨(dú)立懸架驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的結(jié)構(gòu)原理等方面對(duì)重型越野汽車用獨(dú)立懸架驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的開發(fā)作以闡述。</p><p>　　1 國(guó)內(nèi)獨(dú)立懸架驅(qū)動(dòng)橋技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀</p>&

27、lt;p>　　目前國(guó)內(nèi)獨(dú)立懸架驅(qū)動(dòng)橋在轎車、輕型越野車及JN252 8×8等中噸位軍用車上得到了應(yīng)用,而獨(dú)立懸架重型越野汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋技術(shù)基本上是空白;國(guó)外獨(dú)立懸架重型越野汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋技術(shù)也只有美國(guó)美馳公司、白俄羅斯明斯克、芬蘭Sisu公司及韓國(guó)TIMONEY等具有,且應(yīng)用范圍局限于軍用及民用的一些特殊車型。</p><p>　　2 開發(fā)獨(dú)立懸架驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的必要性</p><p>　

28、　近年來,對(duì)獨(dú)立懸架越野汽車的市場(chǎng)需求越來越廣。制約獨(dú)立懸架越野汽車發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素之一是斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋,因此開發(fā)斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的必要性凸現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　2.1軍用汽車發(fā)展的需要</p><p>　　目前我軍大量使用的7t級(jí)6×6型SX2190車型是陜西汽車制造總廠利用STEYR技術(shù)研制的新一代越野車,具有動(dòng)力性好、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、越野性能優(yōu)良等優(yōu)點(diǎn),近20年來為國(guó)防建設(shè)作出了巨大

29、貢獻(xiàn)。隨著載重12t的8×8型JN2270和載重15t的8×8型JN2300的研制成功,我國(guó)第二代軍車系列的開發(fā)便劃上了句號(hào)。為適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的需要,第三代軍車的開發(fā)便提上了日程。第三代軍車主要特點(diǎn)為獨(dú)立懸掛的高機(jī)動(dòng)性能車輛。作為其核心技術(shù)之一的大軸荷斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋,國(guó)內(nèi)基本是空白,若依賴進(jìn)口,既不符合國(guó)情也不符合軍情。</p><p>　　2.2國(guó)家基本建設(shè)的需要</p><

30、;p>　　多年來,我國(guó)的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展,基建投資規(guī)模大幅增長(zhǎng),水電、油田、礦山及煤炭等行業(yè)更是如火如茶。這些行業(yè)都離不開高品質(zhì)、高性能的運(yùn)輸車輛,獨(dú)立懸架越野汽車更是其中的佼佼者。但是,這些車輛幾乎全部依賴進(jìn)口,花費(fèi)了大量外匯。盡快開發(fā)出一種替代車型滿足市場(chǎng)需求意義重大。</p><p>　　3 獨(dú)立懸架驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的結(jié)構(gòu)原理</p><p>　　中國(guó)重型汽車結(jié)合開發(fā)生產(chǎn)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的現(xiàn)狀,自

31、主開發(fā)了獨(dú)立懸架6×6越野汽車大軸荷斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋。根據(jù)6×6獨(dú)立懸掛底盤的設(shè)計(jì)要求,在該車型上采用了高位傳動(dòng)斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋。其中前轉(zhuǎn)向驅(qū)動(dòng)橋?yàn)閿嚅_式高位轉(zhuǎn)向非貫通驅(qū)動(dòng)橋,雙聯(lián)橋的中橋?yàn)閿嚅_式貫通非轉(zhuǎn)向驅(qū)動(dòng)橋,后橋?yàn)閿嚅_式轉(zhuǎn)向非貫通高位驅(qū)動(dòng)橋。三個(gè)橋均裝設(shè)帶氣控差速鎖的輪間差速器,中橋過橋箱裝設(shè)帶氣控差速鎖的軸間差速器。主減速器速比為1. 647,輪邊減速器速比為4. 26(帶輪邊充放氣系統(tǒng)、ABS),總速比7.016;

32、中橋的輸入端為Φ180端面齒法蘭,輸出端為Φ165端面齒法蘭,前、后橋的輸入端為Φ165端面齒法蘭;各軸軸荷均為13t。本次設(shè)計(jì)主要是在斯太爾驅(qū)動(dòng)橋技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)計(jì)思想是和已有的6×6、8×8、10×10、12×10軍車所用總成形成系列,盡量減少新設(shè)計(jì)的專用件。橋中段總成8×8、10×10、12×10結(jié)構(gòu)類型均類同。新設(shè)計(jì)兩種斷開式橋殼,前橋采用非貫通式

33、橋殼,中、后橋相同的采用貫通式橋殼。在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)左、右兩種半軸及端蓋和花鍵套總成,并對(duì)主減殼和和過橋箱作了局部改進(jìn)。同時(shí)對(duì)高位驅(qū)動(dòng)橋技術(shù)進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的設(shè)計(jì)。前轉(zhuǎn)向高位驅(qū)</p><p><b>　　4 結(jié)束語</b></p><p>　　隨著獨(dú)立懸架汽車的快速發(fā)展，大噸位斷開式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的開發(fā)具有現(xiàn)實(shí)的緊迫性和必要性。它不僅可以大大提高汽車的平順性與機(jī)動(dòng)性,也對(duì)汽車的行