外文翻譯---先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的新發(fā)展

1、<p><b>　　附錄 1</b></p><p>　　先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的新發(fā)展</p><p>　　摘要： 本文介紹了當(dāng)今制造技術(shù)面臨的問題，論述了先進(jìn)制造的前沿科學(xué)，并展望了先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展前景。 關(guān)鍵詞：問題； 先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)； 前沿科學(xué)； 應(yīng)用前景 </p><p>　　

2、制造業(yè)是現(xiàn)代國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和綜合國力的重要支柱，其生產(chǎn)總值一般占一個國家國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的20%~55%。在一個國家的企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力構(gòu)成中，制造技術(shù)的作用一般占60%左右。專家認(rèn)為，世界上各個國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的競爭，主要是制造技術(shù)的競爭。其競爭能力最終體現(xiàn)在所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品的市場占有率上。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展以及顧客需求和市場環(huán)境的不斷變化，這種競爭日趨激烈，因而各國政府都非常重視對先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的研究。1. 當(dāng)前制造科學(xué)要解決的問題 當(dāng)前

3、制造科學(xué)要解決的問題主要集中在以下幾方面：（1）制造系統(tǒng)是一個復(fù)雜的大系統(tǒng)，為滿足制造系統(tǒng)敏捷性、快速響應(yīng)和快速重組的能力，必須借鑒信息科學(xué)、生命科學(xué)和社會科學(xué)等多學(xué)科的研究成果，探索制造系統(tǒng)新的體系結(jié)構(gòu)、制造模式和制造系統(tǒng)有效的運(yùn)行機(jī)制。制造系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和良好的運(yùn)行狀況是制造系統(tǒng)建模、仿真和優(yōu)化的主要目標(biāo)。制造系統(tǒng)新的體系結(jié)構(gòu)不僅對制造企業(yè)的敏捷性和對需求的響應(yīng)能力及可重組能力有重要意義，而且對制造企業(yè)底層生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的柔性和可動

4、態(tài)重組能力提出了更高的要求。生物制造觀越來越多地被引入制造系統(tǒng)，以滿足制造系統(tǒng)新的要求。 （2）為支持快速敏捷制造，幾何知識的共</p><p>　　3. 現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢 20世紀(jì)90年代以來，世界各國都把制造技術(shù)的研究和開發(fā)作為國家的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)先發(fā)展，如美國的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)計劃AMTP、日本的智能制造技術(shù)（IMS）國際合作計劃、韓國的高級現(xiàn)代技術(shù)國家計劃(G--7)、德國

5、的制造2000計劃和歐共體的ESPRIT和BRITE-EURAM計劃。 隨著電子、信息等高新技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，市場需求個性化與多樣化，未來現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)發(fā)展的總趨勢是向精密化、柔性化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、虛擬化、智能化、綠色集成化、全球化的方向發(fā)展。 當(dāng)前現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢大致有以下九個方面：(1) 信息技術(shù)、管理技術(shù)與工藝技術(shù)緊密結(jié)合，現(xiàn)代制造生產(chǎn)模式會獲得不 </p><p>　

6、　斷發(fā)展。(2) 設(shè)計技術(shù)與手段更現(xiàn)代化。(3) 成型及制造技術(shù)精密化、制造過程實(shí)現(xiàn)低能耗。(4) 新型特種加工方法的形成。(5) 開發(fā)新一代超精密、超高速制造裝備。(6) 加工工藝由技藝發(fā)展為科學(xué)。(7) 實(shí)施無污染綠色制造。(8) 制造業(yè)中廣泛應(yīng)用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)。(9) 制造以人為本。</p><p><b&g

7、t;　　附錄 2</b></p><p>　　The new advanced manufacturing technology development</p><p>　　Abstract : This paper has presented the problems facing today's manufacturing technology, advanced

8、 manufacturing discussed in the forefront of science, and a vision for the future development of advanced manufacturing technology. </p><p>　　Keyword：Advanced manufacturing technologies; Frontier science; Ap

9、plications prospects</p><p>　　Modern manufacturing is an important pillar of the national economy and overall national strength and its GDP accounted for a general national GDP 20%~55%. In the composition of

10、 a country's business productivity, manufacturing technology around 60% of the general role. Experts believe that the various countries in the world economic competition, mainly manufacturing technology competition.

11、Their competitiveness in the production of the final product market share. With the rapid economic and tech</p><p>　　1 .Current manufacturing science to solve problems</p><p>　　Manufacturing sci

12、ence to solve the current problems focused on the following aspects :</p><p>　　(1) Manufacturing systems is a complex systems, and manufacturing systems to meet both agility, rapid response and rapid reorgan

13、ization of the capacity to learn from the information science, life science and social science interdisciplinary research, and explore new manufacturing system architecture, manufacturing models and manufacturing systems

14、 effective operational mechanism. Manufacturing systems optimized organizational structure and good performance is manufacturing system modelling, simul</p><p>　　(2) The rapid rise in support of manufacturin

15、g, geometric knowledge sharing has become a modern manufacturing constraints, product development and manufacturing technologies of the key issues. For example, in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) integr

16、ation, coordinates measurements (CMM) and robotics fields, in 3D real space (3-Real Space), there are a lot of geometric algorithm design and analysis, especially the geometric said, geometric calculation and geometric r

17、easoning; In me</p><p>　　(3) In the modern manufacturing process, information not only manufacturing industries have become dominated the decisive factor, but also the most active ones. Manufacturing informa

18、tion systems to improve throughput of modern manufacturing has become a focus of scientific development. The manufacturing information system organization and structure required to create information access, integration

19、and integration show three-dimensional in nature, measuring the multidimensional nature of the inf</p><p>　　(4) The calculation of the wisdom of artificial intelligence tools and methods in the manufacture o

20、f a wide range of applications for manufacturing smart development. Category based on the calculation of biological evolution algorithms smart tools, including activation issues optimize GPS technology portfolio by growi

21、ng concern is in the manufacture of the complete portfolio optimization problems combined speed and precision of GPS issues both in size constraints. Manufacturing wisdom manifested</p><p>　　2. Modern mechan

22、ical engineering at the frontiers of science</p><p>　　Cross-integration between the different science will produce new scientific gathering, economic development and social progress of science and technology

23、 created new demands and expectations, thus creating a frontier science. Frontier science is settled and unsettled issues between the scientific community. Frontier science, with a clear domain, and dynamic character of

24、the area. Works frontier science from the general basic science is an important characteristic of the actual works, it covers t</p><p>　　2.1 Manufacturing science and information science cross -- manufacturi

25、ng informatics </p><p>　　Mechanical and electrical products, chemical raw materials in the information. Many modern value added products primarily reflected in the information. Thus the manufacturing proce

26、ss for the acquisition and application of information is very important. Information science and technology is to create an important symbol of globalization and modernization. While the manufacturing technology began to

27、 explore product design and manufacturing processes, the nature of the information, on the other han</p><p>　　And manufacturing-related information mainly product information, technical information and infor

28、mation management in this area following major research direction and content : </p><p>　　(1) manufacturing information acquisition, processing, storage, transmission and application of knowledge to create i

29、nformation and decision-making transformation. </p><p>　　(2) Non-symbols expressing information, manufacturing information enables transmission, manufacturing information management, manufacturing informati

30、on integrity in a state of non-production decision-making, management of virtual manufacturing, based on the network environment of the design and manufacturing, manufacturing process control and manufacturing systems sc

31、ience. These elements are manufactured in science and the scientific basis for the integration of product information, constitute</p><p>　　2.2 Micro mechanical and manufacturing technology research <

32、/p><p>　　Micro-electronic mechanical systems (MEMS) refers to the collection of micro-sensors, micro-devices and the implementation of signal processing and control circuits, interface circuits, communications

33、and power with the integration of micro-electromechanical system integrity. MEMS technology objectives through system miniaturization, to explore a new theory of integration, new functional components and systems. MEMS d

34、evelopment will greatly facilitate the pocket of various products, miniaturizat</p><p>　　Micro machinery is machinery and electronic technology in nano-scale technology integration photogenic product. Back i

35、n 1959 scientists have raised the idea of micro-mechanical and micro-1962, the first silicon pressure sensors. 1987 California University of California Berkeley developed rotor diameter of the silicon micro-60~120 16ug m

36、 electrostatic electric motors, show produced using silicon micro-machining small movable structures and compatible with IC manufacturing micro system potential. </p><p>　　The current micro-mechanical system

37、s under the conditions of the campaign laws, the physical characteristics and micro components of the role of the mechanics payload acts lack adequate understanding is not yet in a theoretical basis for a micro-system de

38、sign theory and methodology, and therefore can By experience and test methods research. Micro-mechanical systems, the existence of key scientific research issues of micro-scale system effects, physical properties and bio

39、chemical characteristics.</p><p>　　2.3 Material produced / manufactured parts integration of new technologies for processing. </p><p>　　Material is a milestone in the progress of mankind, is t

40、he manufacturing and high-tech development. Every important to the success of the production and application of new materials, will promote the material and the promotion of national economic strength and military streng

41、th. 21, the world will be resource consumption-based economy to a knowledge-based industrial transformation for materials and parts and functions of a high performance, intelligent features; Request materials and compone

42、nts </p><p>　　2.4 machinery manufacturing breakthrough </p><p>　　The 21st century will be the century of life science, mechanical and life sciences depth integration will generate new concept

43、products (such as better intelligence structure), to develop a new process (such as the growth processes shape) and the opening of new industries and to resolve product design, manufacturing processes and systems provide

44、 a series of problems new solutions. This is a highly innovative and leading edge area in the challenge. </p><p>　　Earth's biological evolution in the long accumulated fine qualities of human manu

45、facturing activities to address the various problems with examples and guidelines. Learning from life phenomena organizations operating complex systems and methods and techniques, manufacturing is the future solution to

46、the current problems facing many an efficient way. Better manufacturing refers to the replication of biological organs from organizations, since healing, self growth and evolution since the function </p><p>

47、　　Gene involved in the manufacture of biological science is the "self-organization" mechanism and its application in manufacturing systems. The so-called "self-organization" refers to a system in its

48、internal mechanism driven by the organizational structure and operation mode learning, thereby enhancing the capacity for environmental adaptation process. Create better "since the organization" bottom-up mecha

49、nism for parallel product design and manufacturing processes of automatic generation, the dy</p><p>　　Create a better manufacturing and life sciences "far edge hybrid" of the 21st century manufactu

50、ring will have an enormous impact. Create better research content is twofold : </p><p>　　2.4.1 To create better lives </p><p>　　Research lives of the general phenomenon of the law and mode

51、ls, such as artificial life, cellular automatic machines, biological information processing skills, biological wisdom, biological-based organizational structure and mode of operation and the evolution of biological mecha

52、nisms and getting better; </p><p>　　2.4.2 Oriented manufacturing breakthrough manufacturing </p><p>　　Research organizations better manufacturing systems since the mechanisms and methods, fo

53、r example : based on full information-sharing breakthrough design principles, multi-discipline modules based on the distributed control and coordination mechanism based on the evolution of an excellent strategy; Study th

54、e concept of creating better system and its basis, such as : the formalization described space and better information shine upon relations better system and its evolution of complexity measure</p><p>　　Machi

55、nery manufacturing is better and better mechanical science and life science, information science, materials science disciplines such as high integration, the study includes growth formative processes, better design and m

56、anufacturing systems, mechanical and biological wisdom better shape manufacturing. Currently doing research mostly forward exploratory work, with distinct characteristics of the basic research, if the research continues

57、to seize opportunities that might arise revolutionary b</p><p>　　3. Modern manufacturing technology trends </p><p>　　Since the beginning of the 1990s, the nations of the world have manufacturi

58、ng technology research and development as a national priority for the development of key technologies, such as the United States advanced manufacturing technology plan AMTP, Japan wisdom manufacturing technology (IMS) in

59、ternational cooperation schemes, Korea senior national plan of modern technology (G--7), Germany plans to manufacture 2000 and the EC Esprit and BRITE-EURAM plan. </p><p>　　With the electronics, informatio

60、n, the constant development of new and high technologies, market demand individuality and diversity, the future of modern manufacturing technology to the overall development trends of the sophisticated, flexible, and net

61、worked, virtual and intelligent, green integrated, globalization direction. </p><p>　　Current trends in modern manufacturing technology has the following nine areas : </p><p>　　(1) Informati

62、on technology, management techniques and technology closely integrated technology, modern production model will be continuous development. </p><p>　　(2) Design techniques and more modern means. </p>

63、;<p>　　(3) Shaped and manufacture of sophisticated technology and manufacturing processes to achieve longer. </p><p>　　(4) The formation of new special processing methods. </p><p>　　(

64、5) Development of a new generation of ultra-sophisticated, ultra-high-speed manufacturing equipment. </p><p>　　(6) Machining skills development for the engineering sciences. </p><p>　　(7) Im

65、plementation of clean green manufacturing. </p><p>　　(8)The widespread application of virtual reality technology to the manufacturing sector. </p><p>　　(9) To create people-oriented.</p&g