土建專業(yè)外文翻譯---混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)配筋設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p>　　Concrete structure reinforcement design</p><p>　　SheyanboⅠ WangchenjiaⅡ</p><p>　?、?Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd. Heilongjiang Dongyu</p><p>　?、?Heilongjiang Provinc

2、e, East Building Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd. Coal</p><p><b>　　混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)配筋設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p><b>　　佘艷波Ⅰ 王晨佳Ⅱ</b></p><p>　?、窕A(chǔ)工程有限公司黑龍江東宇Ⅱ黑龍江省東建筑地基基礎(chǔ)工程有限公司煤</p

3、><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　　在長(zhǎng)期的自然的環(huán)境下使用環(huán)境的功能結(jié)構(gòu)，其功能減弱不可避免地漸漸地，我們的結(jié)構(gòu)工程的責(zé)任不只是必須完成建設(shè)前期項(xiàng)目工作，但必須能夠科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞目標(biāo)法律和程度，并采用有效的方法保證結(jié)構(gòu)的安全使用，該結(jié)構(gòu)加固將成為一個(gè)重要的工作。什么可以預(yù)見(jiàn)將是21世紀(jì)，人類建筑的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，砌體式結(jié)構(gòu)等為主另外，現(xiàn)階

4、段我會(huì)覺(jué)得在結(jié)構(gòu)加固我們這方面的研究也應(yīng)借此作為主要的突破方向。關(guān)鍵詞：混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)加固砌體式結(jié)構(gòu)鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)加固1 混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)加固 混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的加固分為直接加固，并加強(qiáng)間接兩種，在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)可根據(jù)實(shí)際條件和使用要求選擇適宜的方法和必要的技術(shù)。1.1 直接加固的一般方法1.1.1 放大段加固法 添加混凝土現(xiàn)澆鋼筋發(fā)生水平彎曲受壓區(qū)混凝土構(gòu)件，可能會(huì)增加部分有效高度，擴(kuò)大截面面積，從而提高了組件的右側(cè)部分反彎，斜截面抗

5、切割能力部分剛度，起到加固補(bǔ)強(qiáng)的作用。 在適當(dāng)?shù)募∪夥秶淖兓炷翉澢慕M件的右側(cè)部分配套能力，隨著鋼筋面積和強(qiáng)度的提高增加。在原來(lái)的組件的右側(cè)部分鋼筋的比例不太高的情況，增加了主要加固面積有可能提出的高原組件的右側(cè)部分抗彎曲能力，有效</p><p>　　Abstract：structure in the long-term natural environment and under the use

6、environment's function, its function is weaken inevitably gradually, our structural engineering's duty not just must finish the building earlier period the project work, but must be able the science appraisal str

7、ucture damage objective law and the degree, and adopts the effective method guarantee structure the security use, that the structure reinforcement will become an important work. What may foresee will be the 21st ce</p

8、><p>　　Key word： Concrete structure reinforcement bricking-up structure reinforcement steel structure reinforcement </p><p>　　1 Concrete structure reinforcement </p><p>　

9、　Concrete structure's reinforcement divides into the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, when the design may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being sui

10、table method and the necessary technology. </p><p>　　the direct reinforcement's general method</p><p>　　1.1.1 Enlarges the section reinforcement law </p><p>　　Adds the concret

11、es cast-in-place level in the reinforced concrete member in bending compression zone, may increase the section effective height, the expansion cross sectional area, thus enhances the component right section anti-curved,

12、the oblique section anti-cuts ability and the section rigidity, plays the reinforcement reinforcement the role.</p><p>　　In the suitable muscle scope, the concretes change curved the component right section

13、supporting capacity increase along with the area of reinforcement and the intensity enhance. In the original component right section ratio of reinforcement not too high situation, increases the main reinforcement area to

14、 be possible to propose the plateau component right section anti-curved supporting capacity effectively. Is pulled in the section the area to add the cast-in-place concrete jacket to increase th</p><p>　　Enl

15、arges the section reinforcement law construction craft simply, compatible, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in Liang, the board, the column, the wall and the general structure concre

16、tes reinforcement; But scene construction's wet operating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction. </p><p>　　1.1

17、.2 Replacement concretes reinforcement law</p><p>　　This law's merit with enlarges the method of sections to be close, and after reinforcing, does not affect building's clearance, but similar existen

18、ce construction wet operating time long shortcoming; Is suitable somewhat low or has concretes carrier's and so on serious defect Liang, column in the compression zone concretes intensity reinforcement. </p>

19、<p>　　1.1.3 the caking outsourcing section reinforcement law</p><p>　　Outside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement is wraps in the section or the steel plate is reinforced component's outside, out

20、side the Baotou Steel Factory reinforces reinforced concrete Liang to use the wet outsourcing law generally, namely uses the epoxy resinification to be in the milk and so on methods with to reinforce the section the cons

21、truction commission to cake a whole, after the reinforcement component, because is pulled with the compressed steel cross sectional area large scale enh</p><p>　　This law also said that the wet outside Baoto

22、u Steel Factory reinforcement law, the stress is reliable, the construction is simple, the scene work load is small, but is big with the steel quantity, and uses in above not suitably 600C in the non-protection's sit

23、uation the high temperature place; Is suitable does not allow in the use obviously to increase the original component section size, but requests to sharpen its bearing capacity large scale the concrete structure reinforc

24、ement. </p><p>　　1.1.4 Sticks the steel reinforcement law</p><p>　　Outside the reinforced concrete member in bending sticks the steel reinforcement is (right section is pulled in the component

25、supporting capacity insufficient sector area, right section compression zone or oblique section) the superficial glue steel plate, like this may enhance is reinforced component's supporting capacity, and constructs c

26、onveniently. </p><p>　　This law construction is fast, the scene not wet work or only has the plastering and so on few wet works, to produces is small with the life influence, and after reinforcing, is not r

27、emarkable to the original structure outward appearance and the original clearance affects, but the reinforcement effect is decided to a great extent by the gummy craft and the operational level; Is suitable in the withst

28、anding static function, and is in the normal humidity environment to bend or the tension member r</p><p>　　1.1.5 Glue fibre reinforcement plastic reinforcement law</p><p>　　Outside pastes the te

29、xtile fiber reinforcement is pastes with the cementing material the fibre reinforcement compound materials in is reinforced the component to pull the region, causes it with to reinforce the section joint work, achieves s

30、harpens the component bearing capacity the goal. Besides has glues the steel plate similar merit, but also has anticorrosive muddy, bears moistly, does not increase the self-weight of structure nearly, durably, the maint

31、enance cost low status merit, but needs</p><p>　　This law's good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure

32、component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. </p><p>　　1.1.6Reeling law </p><p>　　This law's good and

33、 bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding fo

34、rce to the compressional member the situation. </p><p>　　1.1.7 Fang bolt anchor law </p><p>　　This law is suitable in the concretes intensity rank is the C20~C60 concretes load-bearing member

35、transformation, the reinforcement; It is not suitable for already the above structure which and the light quality structure makes decent seriously. </p><p>　　The indirect reinforcement's general method&

36、lt;/p><p>　　1.2.1Pre-stressed reinforcement law</p><p>　　(1)Thepre-stressed horizontal tension bar reinforces concretes member in bending,because the pre-stressed and increases the exterior load th

37、e combined action, in the tension bar has the axial tension, this strength eccentric transmits on the component through the pole end anchor (, when tension bar and Liang board bottom surface close fitting, tension bar ca

38、n look for tune together with component, this fashion has partial pressures to transmit directly for component bottom surface), has the ecce</p><p>　　As a result of the horizontal lifting stem's function

39、, the original component's section stress characteristic by received bends turned the eccentric compression, therefore, after the reinforcement, component's supporting capacity was mainly decided in bends under t

40、he condition the original component's supporting capacity 。</p><p>　　(2) After the reinforced concrete component uses under the pre-stressed to support the type tension bar reinforcement decides, forms o

41、ne by to reinforce the component and under supports the compound ultra statically determinate structure system which the type tension bar is composed, under the outside load and the pre-stressed combined action, in the t

42、ension bar has the axial force and through (next supports and pole end anchor spot) with component's combining site transmits for is reinforced th</p><p>　　This law can reduce is reinforced component'

43、;s stress level, not only causes the reinforcement effect to be good, moreover can also the great scope enhance the structure overall supporting capacity, but after reinforcing, has certain influence to the original stru

44、cture outward appearance; Is suitable as well as is under the high stress, the high strained condition concretes component's reinforcement in the great span or the heavy structure reinforcement, but in the non-protec

45、tion's situation, can</p><p>　　1.2.2 Increases the supporting reinforcement law</p><p>　　The addition pivot reinforcement law is through the reduced member in bending effective span, achieve

46、s the reduced function, in is reinforced on the component to carry the effect, raises the structure load bearing level the goal. This law simple reliable, but easy to harm building's original condition and the use fu

47、nction, possibly and reduces uses the space; Is suitable in the concrete term permission concrete structure reinforcement. </p><p>　　1.3 Has generally with the concrete structure reinforcement transformatio

48、n necessary use's technology </p><p>　　1.3.1 The request trades the technology </p><p>　　It is the joist (either truss) opens the column (or wall), the joist terminal and the joist trades t

49、echnologies and so on column to call generally; Belongs to one kind of comprehensive technology, by the related structure reinforcement, the superstructure goes against rises with to reposition as well as abandons techno

50、logies and so on component demolition to be composed; Is suitable in had building's reinforcement transformation; Compares with the traditional practices, has the construction time</p><p>　　1.3.2 Plants

51、the muscle technology </p><p>　　It is one item is simple and direct to the concrete structure, the effective connection and the anchor technology; May implant the ordinary steel bar, may also implant the bo

52、lt type anchor muscle; Has widely applied in had building's reinforcement improvement project, for example: In the construction leaks buries the steel bar or the steel bar deviation designs the position the recovery,

53、 the component increases the section reinforcement to make up the muscle, the superstructure expands cross, go</p><p>　　1.3.3Crack patching technology </p><p>　　According to the concretes crack

54、's cause, the character and the size, use seal differently protect the method to carry on patching, one kind of skill which causes the structure because to crack reduces the use function which and the durability can

55、restore; Is suitable in had in the building each kind of crack processing, but to the stress crack, besides patching, still should use the corresponding reinforcement measure. The internal patching law is with the forcin

56、g pump the cementing material pr</p><p>　　1.3.4 Carbonized concretes repair technology </p><p>　　It is refers to through restores the concretes the alkalinity (inactivation) or increases its im

57、pedance to enable the steel bar corrosion which the carbonization creates to obtain the containment technology.</p><p>　　1.3.5 Concretes surface treatment technology </p><p>　　It is refers to u

58、ses cleaning up concretes surface stains, the oil mark, the residual as well as the other attachment and so on chemistry method, mechanical method, sand blasting method, vacuum cleaning method, injection method skill. &

59、lt;/p><p>　　1.3.6 Coagulation mantle of soil seal technology</p><p>　　It is refers to uses flexible methods and so on aquaseal backfill, polymer grouting, paint film to carry on the waterproofing t

60、o the concretes, moisture-proof and against crack processing technology. Like the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on. </p><p>　　1.3.7

61、 Other technologies </p><p>　　Like the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on. </p><p>　　Bricking-up structure </p>

62、<p>　　Bricking-up structure reinforcement method: The bricking-up structure's reinforcement divides into when the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, the design, may act according to the a

63、ctual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method. </p><p>　　suitable for the bricking-up structure direct reinforcement method</p><p>　　outside reinforced concrete su

64、perimposed layer reinforcement law</p><p>　　This law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit is the construction craft simple, compatible, after the bricking-up reinforcement

65、, the supporting capacity has enhances greatly, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in the column, the belt wall wall reinforcement; Its shortcoming is the scene construction wet operat

66、ing time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has c</p><p>　　2.1.2outside reinforced concrete mortar superimposed layer reinforcement law &l

67、t;/p><p>　　This law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit and outside the reinforced concrete the superimposed layer reinforcement law is close, but enhances the supporting ca

68、pacity to be inferior to the former; Is suitable in the bricking-up wall reinforcement, sometimes also uses in outside the reinforced concrete when the superimposed layer reinforcement belt engaged column wall the both s

69、ides put on the wall stirrup the seal.</p><p>　　2.1.3the addition holds the engaged column reinforcement law </p><p>　　This law belongs enlarges the section reinforcement method one kind. Its m

70、erit the superimposed layer reinforcement law is also close with the reinforced concrete outside, but the supporting capacity enhances limitedly, and difficult to satisfy the earthquake resistance request, generally only

71、 in peneseismic country application.</p><p>　　2.2suitable for the bricking-up structure indirect reinforcement method </p><p>　　2.2.1 non-caking outsourcing section reinforcement law</p>

72、<p>　　This law belongs to the traditional reinforcement method, its merit is the construction is simple, the scene work load and the wet work are few, the stress is more reliable; Is suitable in does not allow to in

73、crease the original component section size, actually requests to enhance the section supporting capacity large scale the bricking-up column's reinforcement; Its shortcoming is high for the reinforcement expense, and

74、must use the similar steel structure the protective measure. </p><p>　　2.2.2 pre-stressed stay rod reinforcement law </p><p>　　This law can the great scope sharpen the bricking-up column's

75、 bearing capacity, and the reinforcement effect is reliable; Is suitable processes the high stress, the high strained condition bricking-up structure reinforcement in the reinforcement; Its shortcoming cannot use in the

76、temperature in the 600C above environment. </p><p>　　2.3 bricking-up structure constructivity reinforcement and patching</p><p>　　2.3.1 addition grid reinforcement </p><p>　　When

77、the grid establishment does not meet the present design code requirement, either the vertical cross wall interface point nips rubs has the obvious flaw, when either the house integrity is bad, should additionally build t

78、he grid to carry on the reinforcement </p><p>　　2.3.2additionally builds the Liang pad reinforcement </p><p>　　When under the summer beam the brick setting the wall presents by under the parti

79、al squash or the summer beam the partial vertical split, should additionally build Liang the pad to carry on the reinforcement. </p><p>　　2.3.3the bricking-up opens partially builds </p><p>　　

80、When house partial breakage but after investigating thoroughly its breakage reason when not yet affects load-bearing and the security, may burst the wall partial demolition, and according to enhances the mortar strength

81、first-level to fill in with the full sized brick builds. </p><p>　　2.3.4bricking-up crack patching </p><p>　　Before carrying on crack patching, should act according to bricking-up component

82、9;s stressful condition and crack factors and so on characteristic, determined that creates the bricking-up crack the reason, with the aim of carrying on crack patching target-oriented or using the corresponding reinforc

83、ement measure. </p><p>　　3 steel structures </p><p>　　Steel structure reinforcement method: The steel structure reinforcement's main method includes: Reduces the load, the change structure

84、 computation graph, to enlarge the original structural unit section and the joint strength, the impediment fracture growth and so on. When has the mature experience, may also use other reinforcement method. </p>

85、<p>　　3.1 changes the structure computation graph </p><p>　　The change structure computation graph's reinforcement method is refers to uses the change load spread condition, the power transmission

86、way, the node nature and the boundary condition, the addition attachment member and the support, exerts the pre-stressed that measures and so on consideration space joint operation to carry on the reinforcement to the st

87、ructure the method </p><p>　　3.2 enlarges the component section the reinforcement </p><p>　　Uses enlarges when the section reinforces the steel lumber, chooses the section form to be advantage

88、ous in the reinforcement specification and considered already has the flaw and the damage condition. </p><p>　　3.3 connection reinforcement and reinforcing member connection </p><p>　　The stee

89、l structure connection method, namely the welded joint, the rivet, the ordinary bolt and the high strength bold fastening method's choice, should the reason which, the goal, the stress condition, the structure and th

90、e execution conditions needs to reinforce according to the structure, and considers the structure original connection method determination.</p><p>　　The steel structure reinforcement general uses the welded

91、joint connection, the friction high strength bold fastening suitably, has when the basis may also use the welded joint and the friction high strength bolt's mixed connection. When uses the welded joint connects, shou

92、ld use after the evaluation approval welding process and the connection material.</p><p>　　3.4 crack repair and reinforcement　</p><p>　　Because the structure the load affects and the choice of m

93、aterial, the structure, the manufacture, the work repeatedly improper and so on produces has the extension or breaks time crisply the tendentious crack damage, should try to repair. Before the repair, must analyze has th

94、e crack reason and the influence gravity, adopts the improvement structure practical work target-oriented or carries on the reinforcement the measure, to is not suitable uses the repair reinforcement the component, shoul