光合細(xì)菌法處理高濃度有機(jī)廢水技術(shù)研究.pdf

1、摘要、本研究以糖蜜酒精廢水和人工模擬廢水為研究對(duì)象，高有機(jī)物廢水的研究。研究內(nèi)容主要包括:1.光合細(xì)菌法進(jìn)行了光合細(xì)菌法處理含硫酸鹽、高氮、(可溶化段和光合細(xì)菌段)工藝參數(shù)研究2.光合細(xì)菌法有機(jī)物、氮、硫等的轉(zhuǎn)化和降解的途徑及機(jī)理研究3.硫酸鹽的存在對(duì)光合細(xì)菌法的影響及其控制方法脫氮的可行性和方法:4研究光合細(xì)菌法去除總氮的機(jī)理和影響因素，探討光合細(xì)菌法實(shí)現(xiàn)生物5.光合細(xì)菌段反應(yīng)器型式比選:6.可溶化段和光合細(xì)菌肆的微生物相研，.光合細(xì)

2、菌法處理出水的后續(xù)處理技術(shù)研究8.光合細(xì)菌法技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析。r研究結(jié)果表明:1.甜菜制糖糖蜜酒精廢水中的污染物以溶解性污染物為主，具有pH值低、有機(jī)物卜有機(jī)氮及硫酸鹽含量很高及可生化性較好等特點(diǎn)。2.糖蜜酒精廢水微氧生物膜法可溶化段(DO0.5mgL“)研究表明:進(jìn)水COD10000mgU，左右，容積負(fù)荷17.161.4kgCODm“d“，條件下，有機(jī)物的去除率隨負(fù)荷的升高而降低。進(jìn)水容積負(fù)荷越低，可溶化出水的BODsCOD后續(xù)光合細(xì)菌段

3、不利:在高負(fù)荷條件下(51.7kgCODmd)值降低越多，最低降至。2左右，對(duì)微氧可溶化段可以略微提高廢水的BODsCOD值。在微氧可溶化段產(chǎn)酸的同時(shí)發(fā)生著有機(jī)酸消耗過程，容積負(fù)荷越低，耗酸程度越高。本研究引入出水有機(jī)酸含量n，評(píng)價(jià)可溶化段酸化效果，高容積負(fù)荷和高進(jìn)水濃度條件出水的幾v隊(duì)值較高，n，值高的可溶化出水對(duì)后續(xù)光合細(xì)菌段較為有利。微氧條件下可溶化段的氨化過程基本不受容積負(fù)荷和進(jìn)水濃度影響:容積負(fù)荷越低可溶化段內(nèi)耗氨程度越高，其

4、表觀氨化率越低。微氧可溶化反應(yīng)器保持較高的容積負(fù)荷、較高的進(jìn)水濃度、溶解氧為。.40.5mgL“，時(shí)，可以取得較好的酸化和氨化的效果、部分抑制硫酸鹽的還原，同時(shí)還可達(dá)到一定程度的同步硝化反硝化。3.糖蜜酒精廢水生物膜法光合細(xì)菌段研究表明:光合細(xì)菌段進(jìn)水濃度(COD40008000mgL“)和容積負(fù)荷(2.04.4kgCODm“3d“1，對(duì)PSB1反應(yīng)器而言容積負(fù)荷為4.08.8kgCODM3d)變化范圍較大，但光合細(xì)菌段均能有效的去除有

5、機(jī)物〔兩級(jí)反應(yīng)器出水溶解性COD去除率分別為7383%和77^83%。出水溶解性BOD，的去除率分別為8999%和9699%)。僅需去除有機(jī)物時(shí)，光合細(xì)菌段保持不高的溶解氧(0.51.OmgL)和一級(jí)反應(yīng)器即可。光合細(xì)菌降解有機(jī)物的能力和適應(yīng)環(huán)境(進(jìn)水濃度、反應(yīng)器內(nèi)pH值和溶解氧濃度)的能力較強(qiáng)。光合細(xì)菌段的PSB1和PSB2反應(yīng)器內(nèi)均存在同步硝化反硝化過程，同步硝化反硝化的脫氮率可達(dá)4868%。光合細(xì)菌段內(nèi)總氮去除率可達(dá)6070%，總

6、氮去除主要依靠同步硝化反硝化脫氮?？扇芑沃辛蛩猁}還原反應(yīng)生成的硫化物在PSB1反應(yīng)器內(nèi)又被氧化為硫酸鹽。4人工模擬廢水生物膜法光合細(xì)菌段脫氮研究表明:在進(jìn)水氨氮負(fù)荷高達(dá)。.26kgNH十一M3d“，進(jìn)水氨氮濃度為325mgL.左右或650mgL“，左右條件下，在生物膜法光合細(xì)菌反應(yīng)器內(nèi)可以取得較好的硝化和同步反硝化效果氨氮的去除率最高可達(dá)99%同步硝化反硝化脫氮率最高可達(dá)64%隨著光合細(xì)菌反應(yīng)器控制的條件不同，在兩個(gè)反應(yīng)器內(nèi)均可進(jìn)行同

7、步硝化反硝化。5.生物膜法光合細(xì)菌段進(jìn)水的硫化物濃度較高時(shí)(本研究中為65.3mgL“)對(duì)其有機(jī)物降解影響不大，但將抑制系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的硝化過程。6.糖蜜酒精廢水懸浮法光合細(xì)菌段研究表明:進(jìn)水COD容積負(fù)荷為2.52kgCODm3d“〔以反應(yīng)周期22h計(jì))，進(jìn)水COD濃度為8000mgL“左右，出水的溶解性COD和BOD5去除率分別可達(dá)84.5%和98.4%。但由于污泥的沉降性能很差，出水中攜帶大量污泥，出水水質(zhì)較差。系統(tǒng)氨氮和總氮去除率均較低

8、，分別為44.8%和56.0%。由于泥齡過短(4.5d)硝化過程無法進(jìn)行，基本上沒有SND途徑脫氮。7，對(duì)懸浮法光合細(xì)菌段系統(tǒng)內(nèi)污泥采取局部污泥集中、減少擾動(dòng)的措施，使反應(yīng)器內(nèi)存在污泥濃度梯度和食料比FM梯度，歷時(shí)25天，系統(tǒng)內(nèi)生成了顆粒污泥。由于污泥沉降性能得到改善，出水含泥量大大下降，出水水質(zhì)改善。系統(tǒng)氨氮和總氮的去除率分別為99.2%和82.3%?？偟コ闹饕緩綖镾ND脫氮。系統(tǒng)去除有機(jī)物所需時(shí)間(9h)較懸浮法縮短40%，有

9、機(jī)物的去除速率較懸浮法提高70%08.微氧可溶.ABSTRACTInsugarproductionprocessbeetsugarmolassescanbeusedasarawmaterialfordistillation.AftertheextractionpHandahighdistillationsolutionofalcoholresidualstrengthofsolublepoatmentstrategywithisdisc

10、hargedlutantssuchasorganiccarbonaswastewater.Itexhibitsaloworganicnitrogenandsulfate.A‘traditionalanaerobicprocesswouldencountersomeproblems.HighconcentrationofsulfatewilproductsulfidewillimposePSBprocess(photosyntheticl

11、interferewithMPB(methanetoxicityonMPB.Bothofthembacteriaprocess)wasintroducedproducingbacteria)anditsreductionleadtoalowandunstableperformance.andstudiedhere.Itisusuallyconsistedoftwophases:solubilizedphaseprocessandPSBp

12、hase.Inthewhichisquitesimilartohydrolysisandacidificationofanaerobicfirstphaselargeorganicmoleculesarehydrolyzedtosmallermoleculesespeciallylowmolecularfattyacids.InthefollowingPSBphasephotosyntheticbacteriacanefficientl

13、ybreakdowntheorganicacidstoCOzandH2O.Thisprocessisrequirementwhencharacterizedbyitshighofhighorganicstrength.ThefeasibilityandperformanceofaPSBprocesswerestudiedmapuotscalesystemwimOouirawwastewaterfrombeetsugarmolassesd

14、istillationandsvntheticwastewater.Suspendedgrowthisoften即pliedinPSBphase(the2“dphaseofPSBprocess).Sincephotosyntheticbacteriagrowindividuallyinmixedliquordificultiesinclarificationoftreatedeffluentandrecoveryofbacteriali

15、mititsapplication.SoheretwodiferentPSBphasesattachedgrowthPSBphaseandsuspendedgrowthPSBphaseweresetupandstudied.LatersludgegranulationwaspromotedandinvestigatedinsuspendedgrowthPSBphase.Someimportantfindingswerelistedbel

16、ow:1.Resultsofthestudyonthesolubilizedphase:5diferentorganisloadingsvaryingfrom17.161.4kgCODmd1wereinvestigatedwheninfluentCODisaround10decreasingorganic000mgT.1.OrganicremovalefficiencyincreasedbutBODSJCODloading.WhenBO

17、Ds(CODratiodroppedto枯ItbecameunfavorabletothefollowingPSBphasebecause0.2拍nymostfattyacidsacidswerethedecreasedwithawereconsumed.mostfavorablesubstrateforphotosyntheticbacteria.Sinceacidificationratherthanremovaloforganic

18、materwasthe內(nèi).mainpurposeofthisphaseqvFA(organicacidcontent)wasproposeuu。二as。payauc、。evaluatetheperformanceofthisphase.Intheanoxicenvironmentofthesolubilzedphaseaconsumptionoforganicacidwasobserved.Furthermorethelowertheo

19、rganicloadingwasthemoretheconsumptionandthelowertheqvFAwas.Thisindicatedthatarelativelyhighorganicloadingshouldbeappliedforthesolubilizdphaseinordertomaintainafavorable“organicacidcontent”forthePSBphase.Ammoniationoforga

20、nicnitrogenmainlyoccurredinthisphase.Nearlynonegativeinfluenceoforganicloadingonammoniationwasobserved.Butataloworganicloadingnitrificationwouldoccurtosomeextent.ForthisphaseahighorganicloadingandlowDOlevelof0.4.0.5mgL，w

21、ouldprovideagoodenvironmentforacidificationammoniationandinhibitionofsulfatereduction2.AtwostageattachedgrowthPSBohaseshowedgoodcarbonaceousremovaleficiencv.Whenganicloaningvaneurrom.u4.4Klztuijin一a。JJULJsremovalerricien

22、evrme1Sts1‘1一stageanoYJtSL(‘stage)was8YYY%oanoYoYY%o.resDectiveiv.lhismoldedthatonestagewithlowvulevel(u.JlmmgL)isaaequatetoachievecartonaceousremoval.SNU(SimultaneousNitrificationandDenitrification)wasalsoobservedinboth

23、stagesofPSBphasefromthenitrogenbalance.Thetotalnitrogenremovalwas6070%andnitrogenremovalduetoSNDwas4868%.ThereforeSNDwasthemajorcontributortonitrogenremoval.3.FromthefurtherstudyonSNDwithsyntheticwastewateritisshownthatu

24、ndernitrogenloadingof0.26kgNHNm“d“1ammoniaremovalwas99%andnitrogenremovalviaSNDwas64%ItdependedonDOlevelwhethernitrificationoccurredinthePSB)andPSB2stage.ButahighDOlevelwouldimposenegativeinfluenceondenitrificationperfor

25、manceandconsequentlylowerthenitrogenremoval.4.Whensulfideconcentrationintheefluentfromsolubilized助aseincreasedtoahighlevel(65.3mgSL“)noadverseimpactwasfoundonattachedgrowthPSBphasewithrespecttoorganiccarbonelimination.Bu

26、tnitrificationwasinhibitedduetothetoxicityofsulfide.5.Highremovaloforganicmaterinsuspendedgrowthr613phasewasalsoachieved.WhenCODloadingwas2.52kgCODmd“removalefficiencyofsolubleCODandBODSwas84.5%and98.4%respectively.Butbe