外文翻譯--公交路線網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計問題回顧（節(jié)選）

1、中文 中文 4270 字本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目：Transit Route Network Design Problem:Review文獻(xiàn)、資料來源：文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期： 院 （部）： xxx專 業(yè)： xxx班 級：xxx姓 名：xxx學(xué) 號： xxx指導(dǎo)教師： xxx翻譯日期： xxx- 2 -Moreover, practitioners will acquire a det

2、ailed presenta- tion of both the process and potential tools for automating the design of public transportation networks, their characteristics, ca- pabilities, and strengths.Design of Public Transportation NetworksNetwo

3、rk design is an important part of the public transportation operational planning process (Ceder 2001). It includes the design of route layouts and the determination of associated operational characteristics such as frequ

4、encies, rolling stock types, and so on. As noted by Ceder and Wilson (1986), network design elements are part of the overall operational planning process for public transportation networks; the process includes five step

5、s: (1) de- sign of routes; (2) setting frequencies; (3) developing timetables;(4) scheduling buses; and (5) scheduling drivers. Route layout design is guided by passenger flows: routes are established to provide direct o

6、r indirect connection between locations and areas that generate and attract demand for transit travel, such as resi- dential and activity related centers (Levinson 1992). For example, passenger flows between a central bu

7、siness district (CBD) and suburbs dictate the design of radial routes while demand for trips between different neighborhoods may lead to the selection of a circular route connecting them. Anticipated service coverage, tr

8、ansfers, desirable route shapes, and available resources usually determine the structure of the route network. Route shapes are usually constrained by their length and directness (route direct- ness implies that route sh

9、apes are as straight as possible between connected points), the usage of given roads, and the overlapping with other transit routes. The desirable outcome is a set of routes connecting locations within a service area, co

10、nforming to given design criteria. For each route, frequencies and bus types are the operational characteristics typically determined through design. Calculations are based on expected passenger volumes along routes that

11、 are estimated empirically or by applying transit assign- ment techniques, under frequency requirement constraints (mini- mum and maximum allowed frequencies guaranteeing safety and tolerable waiting times, respectively)

12、, desired load factors, fleet,size, and availability. These steps as well as the overall design process have been largely based upon practical guidelines, the expert judgment of transit planners, and operators experience

13、 (Baaj and Mahmassani 1991). Two handbooks by Black (1995) and Vuchic (2004) outline frameworks to be followed by planners when designing a public transportation network that include: (1) establishing the objectives for

14、the network; (2) defining the op- erational environment of the network (road structure, demand pat- terns, and characteristics); (3) developing; and (4) evaluating alternative public transportation networks.Despite the e

15、xtensive use of practical guidelines and experi- ence for designing transit networks, researchers have argued that empirical rules may not be sufficient for designing an efficient transit network and improvements may lea

16、d to better quality and more efficient services. For example, Fan and Machemehl (2004) noted that researchers and practitioners have been realizing that systematic and integrated approaches are essential for designing ec