[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]小額貸款外文翻譯—農(nóng)村小額信貸來(lái)自阿爾巴尼亞的證據(jù)（原文）

1、European Scientific Journal April 2016 edition vol.12, No.10 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 104 Rural Microcredit: Evidences From Albania Egerta Marku, PhD candidate University of Tirana, Albania doi: 1

2、0.19044/esj.2016.v12n10p104 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n10p104 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyse the issues and concerns of Albanian rural credit, which is a powerful tool for enhancin

3、g production and productivity and for poverty alleviation. Further it highlights some of the strategies adopted by the Albanian government to increase the rural credit facilities in the rural area of Albania. The var

4、ious problems faced by the farmers in applying for loans are analysed in detail. Rural credits serve as a tool for providing a sustainable livelihood for people who lives in these areas. Several organisations and Micro

5、finance Institutions,. are playing a major role in providing rural credit facilities to rural Albania. to make the rural credit facilities available to most of the needy. In spite of several efforts put up by various

6、organisations to increase the rural credit facilities, several challenges will prevail in the years to come.These aspects of the financial sector remain undervalued in mainstream literature on rural credit. With Alban

7、ia being a nation in which more than 40 percent of people live in rural areas and rural credit being a powerful, and the only, tool for rural people in providing a means of livelihood, its importance and potential sho

8、uld be known to each individual. Keywords: Credit, Rural, Rural Regions, Poverty, Albania Introduction Access to finance is critical for the growth of the agriculture sector. The shift from subsistence to commercial agr

9、icultural production requires funds. However, in developing countries, where agriculture is a source of livelihood for 86 per cent of rural people (International Finance Corporation [IFC], 2013), financing for invest

10、ments in agriculture is scarce, even for large investors. The need for investing in agriculture is increasing due to a rising global population and changing dietary preferences of the growing middle class in emerging

11、markets toward higher value foods (e.g. dairy, meats, fish, fruits, vegetables, etc.). European Scientific Journal April 2016 edition vol.12, No.10 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 106 with sound track re

12、cords, and therefore may not meet the specific needs of the client. Finally, the lack of records and statistics on farming in developing countries makes assessment of credit suitability challenging for financial provi

13、ders. This changes the conditions required to access financial products and undermines opportunities for profitable investment. Who Needs Finance in the Agriculture Sector? Agriculture encompasses a broad range of activ

14、ities from small-scale farming to infrastructure projects to research and development. As a result, when referring to agriculture finance, the market clusters it in four groups. The groupings correspond to different a

15、pproaches to addressing the needs of the sectors: (1) the needs of farmers and entrepreneurs, (2) the transactions between the actors along the value chain, (3) infrastructure needs and (4) generating knowledge to sup

16、port the sector. 1. Farmers and small agricultural entrepreneurs: This approach is focused on the actors in the agriculture sector that need financing. Farmers and small entrepreneurs, like small supply companies, nee

17、d finance to allow them to expand production and/or diversify products. This can include, for example, finance for inputs (such as seeds and fertilizers), production (such as machinery and equipment) and marketing (su

18、ch as processing, packaging and transport) (Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO] & World Bank, 2013). 2. Actors along the value chain: The focus is on the links between different actors along a value chain. Ag

19、riculture entails a sequence of interlinked activities—transactions—in a chain that starts from the supply of seeds and fertilizers and finishes in the mouth of the consumers (IFAD, 2012). There are financial instrume

20、nts specifically designed to strengthen these links between the actors along the value chain. 3. Rural infrastructure: Financing can be also concentrated on the infrastructure needed to carry out agricultural activiti

21、es. The sector depends heavily on infrastructure such as rural transport systems, irrigation systems, water supply, sanitation, electricity, storage and telecommunication facilities. These projects are costly and requ

22、ire large amounts of financing. 4. Research and Development (R&D): This last approach focuses on financially supporting knowledge generation for the sector. This includes the generation of agricultural technology a

23、nd new technical knowledge about products, processes and services for the sector. (R&D also provides valuable knowledge to help producers prepare business plans for banks or other financial institutions, to suppor