[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]外文翻譯--創(chuàng)業(yè)融資和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓（英文）

1、Entrepreneurial finance and technology transferDavid B. Audretsch ? Erik E. Lehmann ? Stefano Paleari ?Silvio Vismara? Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014Abstract Scholars in technology transfer come from a var

2、iety of different backgrounds andemploy different theoretical and methodological assumptions. Such multidisciplinary approach has fertilized the evolution of a florid technology transfer literature, with insights from en

3、trepreneurship, economics, and management. This paper brings the perspective of entrepreneurial finance into the realm of technology transfer, and identifies emerging topics that can complement our understanding of some

4、aspects of technology transfer, especially with regard to supply-side public policies. This article introduces the rationale for the special issue dedicated to entrepreneurial finance and technology transfer. We summariz

5、e the main topics and themes covered by a selection of papers presented at the annual conference of the Technology Transfer Society in 2013, and suggest areas for future research.Keywords Entrepreneurial finance ? Techno

6、logy transfer ? IPOs ? M&As ?Crowdfunding ? VC ? GVCJEL Classification G301 IntroductionThe field of technology transfer research is unique in its multidisciplinary approach. The many research issues raised by techno

7、logy transfer can be fruitfully addressed from a variety of disciplinary and methodological perspectives. It therefore provides an abundanceD. B. Audretsch Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USAE. E. Lehmann Augsburg U

8、niversity, Augsburg, GermanyS. Paleari ? S. Vismara (&) University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy e-mail: silvio.vismara@unibg.it123J Technol Transf DOI 10.1007/s10961-014-9381-8Table 1 Summary of articles in this specia

9、l issue on entrepreneurial finance and technology transferAuthors Sample and data Summary of findingsFinance and technology entrepreneurshipColombo, Cumming, and VismaraReview of 61 papers on GVCs Governments around the

10、world have set up GVC funds, and are increasingly doing so, with the aims of fostering the development of a private venture capital industry and to alleviate the equity capital gap of young innovative firms. This paper d

11、iscusses the rationale and the appropriateness of these programs, documents the evolution and compares the effects of the different types of governmental supportCumming and Johan Australian VC data, 1990–2012 Australian

12、government subsidized funds have facilitated employment, R&D, patents, time to IPO, and market capitalization relative to private VC funds and non-VC backed companiesFinance and universitiesFisch, Block, and Sandner

13、Patents filed by 155 leading Chinese universities, 1991–2009 Two types of subsidy program (cost reimbursement subsidy and research excellence subsidy) lead to a growth in patent applications (quantity). Only the subsidy

14、aimed at promoting research excellence at university level is an important determinant of patent citation (quality)Cattaneo, Meoli, and Signori Productivity of 75 Italian universities, 1999–2011 The introduction of compe

15、titive funding mechanisms in higher education increases research productivity, in particular for more legitimized universitiesUniversities and technology entrepreneurshipGuerrero, Urbano and Fayolle Impact on regional co

16、mpetitiveness of 102 European universities The entrepreneurial activity generated by university students have a positive impact on regional competitivenessBrescia, Colombo, and Landoni Knowledge Transfer Offices of the b

17、est 200 ranked world universities The best universities, in terms of citations of their research, mostly adopted the internal model of organization of their Knowledge Transfer Office. For these universities, it is less u

18、seful to involve external people and organizations in the management of the knowledge transfer activitiesAzagra-Caro and Consoli 600,000 patents from the EU27 states, 1990–2007 The quality of the national innovation syst