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1、Design of Intelligent Car Based on Single Chip Processor STC89C52 Li Xin1,a , Xiang Qiang1 ,b,? 1College of Electrical Information, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China aemail: 1009132414@qq.com
2、, bemail:xiangqiang@swun.edu.cn Key words: Intelligent tracking car, DC motor, Infrared electric sensor, PWM, Mice Maze Abstract: Smart car is a kind of system which can precisely along the path of automatic driving maz
3、es to the end point and return to the starting point accurately according to the optimal path, Under the effect of control system. In this paper, the hardware/software design and implementation of the intelligent track
4、ing car control system are introduced. This tracking car uses three rows of laser sensors to collect road information, software to judge its effectiveness by the corresponding algorithm, control algorithms to control v
5、ehicle steering. The proper duty ratio of PWM wave is gived by single chip microcomputer to control the motor speed, and the positive&negative operation of motor is drived by H bridge. The smart car can return to t
6、he starting point along the optimal path after reach the end point. The smart car can complete the tracking task preferably, and is able to complete the prescribed path with faster speed, always maintains stable operat
7、ion. Introduction The tracking car competition is an activity carried out for promoting higher educational reform, cultivating undergraduates the ability of practice, innovation and team-work spirit. Manufacturing phot
8、oelectric tracking car is divided into two parts: hardware manufacturing and software programming. This article proposes a design scheme for photoelectric tracking car. The experiment indicates that this scheme can adj
9、ust the speed and angle of car body, combining with all kinds of track’s traffic information, in order to ensure cars can finish the full distance in a minimum duration. Systematic overall hardware structure design and
10、 working principle brief introduction Intelligent car’s overall hardware structure design The structures of the car mainly divided into a few parts following: 1. Power module. Because cars adopt the battery to supply
11、electricity, reasonable design is a power module, the premise of car’s stable operation. 2. Tracking module. It’s made up of several phototubes, using for exploring the position of black line, judge if there is black
12、 line or not through the change of reflected infrared. 3. driver module of electric motor. As the SCM’s current output is limited, and it cannot drive motor to work directly, thus it needs to be driven by appropriativ
13、e circuit. This article takes H bridge driver chip L298N that is used commonly for an example. 4.One-chip computer module. The whole design selects 8-bit microcontroller STC89C52[4] to finish the treatment of collectin
14、g data and controling command of each driver, the processing speed of 12M can deal with all kinds of road information in time and control the direction of cars, and the power dissipation is low, the collocation is simp
15、le, and the price is comparatively cheap. Intelligent tracking car hardware structure diagram as shown in figure 1 [2] : International Power, Electronics and Materials Engineering Conference (IPEMEC 2015) © 2015. T
16、he authors - Published by Atlantis Press 247sensitive receiving infrared photoelectric triode (NPN). When it is used to compare two voltages, an arbitrary input end plus a fixed voltage as reference voltage, and the oth
17、er end with a voltage signals to be compared. When the voltage of “+“ terminal is higher than “-“ side, the output pipe is cut off, which means the output side disconnecting. When the voltage of “-“ above “+“ side, the
18、 output tube saturated, equivalent to the output side connects a low potential. The difference between the two input voltages is more than 10 mv which can reliably ensure that the output from one state to another stat
19、e. Therefore, the LM339 used in weak signal detection is ideal [5].Loop circuit diagram as shown in figure 2. Fig.3 Motor driver module Motor driver module This module selects the L298N chip to control. There are th
20、ree signals and 6 pins to control each electrical machine. And the six pins is linked with P0.0 ~ P0.5 of STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer respectively. Here the working voltage of the chip is + 5 v. This design adop
21、ts the way of two kinds of outputting to control a motor. Namely the OUT1 and OUT2 control motor 1, OUT3 and OUT4 control motor 2.In figure 5 , D1 ~D8 is clamp diode .Motor, at the instant of stopping, will produce a
22、reverse current, and after cutting the magnetic field can produce a reverse electromotive force. The goal to set these clamp diodes is to prevent the counter electromotive force from burning out the chip, so as to prot
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