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1、3100 單詞, 單詞,1.8 萬(wàn)英文字符, 萬(wàn)英文字符,5400 漢字 漢字出處: 出處:Almumani M A. Impact of Managerial Factors on Commercial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Jordan[J]. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Fina
2、nc, 2013, 3(3):298-310.Impact of Managerial Factors on Commercial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from JordanMohammad Abdelkarim ALMUMANIAbstract: The objective of this paper is to determine the management contro
3、llable factors that determine bank’s profitability of the Jordanian commercial banks listed in Amman Stock of Exchange (ASE). For this, the bank-specific variables are derived from the income statements and the balance
4、 sheets of commercial banks published in ASE. Excluding Islamic banks, thirteen Jordanian commercial banks listed in ASE since 2000 were selected (91 observations) over the 2005-2011 intervals. This paper uses descript
5、ive analysis(includes the mean, minimum, maximum, median and standard deviation), financial ratios analysis, Pearson correlation analysis ,regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the natural logarithm to
6、implicate the results with the hypotheses. The factors taken into consideration are Profitability measured by ROA, measured by Cost efficiency CIR, measured by Liquidity LADST, measured by Credit Composition measured b
7、y NCTA, Credit Risk measured by PRCF, Capital adequacy measured by TETA and the Bank Size measured by SZE. The major outcome of this study is that the cost income ratio is the major endogenous factors under the control
8、 of management that determines the profitability of the commercial banks in Jordan. Other variables, such as LADST, NCTA, PRCF, TETA and SZE did not show any statistical effect on profitability.Key words: Managerial Fa
9、ctors, Cost efficiency, Liquidity, Credit Risk, Capital adequacy1. IntroductionThe profitability became one of the challenges faced by the commercial banks to strengthen their financial positions in order to meet the
10、risks associated with openness and globalization. A profitable banking sector is better able to withstand negative shocks and contribute to the stability of the financial system. The determinants of profitability are
11、well observed and explored, as it is increasingly important to strengthen the foundations of domestic financial system as a way to buildup flexibility for capital flow volatility. The profitability of commercial banks
12、is affected by Managerial (internal) and Environmental (external) factors. Managerial factors are affected by management decisions and goals to be achieved by the management of the bank; such as capital ratio, credit r
13、isk, productivity growth and size of the bank performance. Environmental factors are affected by external forces such as financial market structure, trade interdependence, economic growth, inflation, market interest ra
14、tes and ownership structure. In this context, the importance of this study is to identify the managerial factors that affect commercial banks. profitability in general, and Jordanian banks in particular.This paper cont
15、ributes to literature in a unique way. The dataset, made up of thirteen Jordanian commercial banks (91 observations) consist of 81.3% of banks listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). This enhances the generalization of ou
16、r result to all the banks operating in Jordan. The rest of the paper is divided as follows:- Highlights on the Jordanian banking sector; - Review of related literature; - Methodological issues are discussed;- Presentati
17、on of the data and results are then analyzed; - Hypotheses summary; - Conclusions and Implications. 2. Overview on the Jordanian Banking SectorCommercial banks play a key role in Jordan by pushing forward the economic gr
18、owth rates, through the mobilization of national savings and using them to finance productive economic sectors. Jordanian banking sector has witnessed significant developments during the period 2005 -2011. These develop
19、ments can be attributable to the Central Bank of Jordan (CBJ) supervisory and regulatory roles, as well as following the latest global financial practices were implemented to develop and upgrade the banking sector perf
20、ormance in return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and net financing margin (MARG). More specifically, cost, liquidity, and size of the bank are found to have positive and significant effects on profitability.
21、However, external macroeconomic factors are classified as redundant and have no significant effects on profitability.Y?lmaz et al. (2013) analyzed profitability and its determinants for nine emerging count ries includin
22、g Turkey. The results reveal that operating expenses management, capitalization, credit risk, bank size and inflation are important determinants for both, return on asset and net-interest margin dependent variables.Zeit
23、un (2012) measured some influential factors (foreign ownership, banks-specific variables, and macroeconomic factors) on Islamic and conventional banks in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, during the period 200
24、2-2009. The results show that a bank’s equity is important in explaining and increasing conventional banks profitability only. The cost-to-income had a negative and significant impact on Islamic and conventional banks
25、performance. Additionally, the estimated effect of size provides evidence of economies of scale in Islamic banking using the ROE, while it is not significant for conventional banks. Foreign ownership, however, does not
26、 improve Islamic and conventional banks performance. Furthermore, bank’s age and banking development have no effect on bank performance. Finally, GDP is positively correlated to bank’s profitability, while inflation i
27、s negatively correlated to bank’s profitability.Ani, Ugwunta, Ezeuduand Ugwuanyi (2012) investigated the determinants of the profitabilityof deposit money banks in Nigeria. Major outcomes of the study include that increa
28、se in size (higher total assets) may not necessarily lead to higher profits due to diseconomies of scale; higher capital -assets ratio and loans and advances contribute strongly to bank profitability. Overall, the pape
29、r suggests bank size, capital and asset composition as the major endogenous determinants of bank profitability in Nigeria.Syafri (2012) analyzed the factors that affect the profit of commercial banks in Indonesia. The e
30、mpiricalresults show that loan to total assets, total equity to total assets, loan loss provision to total loan have positive effect on profitability, while inflation rate, the size of bank and cost-to-income ratio (BOP
31、O) have negative effect on profitability. Economic growth and non-interest income to total assets have no effect on bank profitability.Uremandu (2012) presented empirical evidence of the effect of bank capital structur
32、e and liquidity onprofitability using Nigerian data for the period 1980-2006 studied. The study found a positive influence of cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio and corporate income tax; and a negative influence of ban
33、k credits to the domestic economy, savings deposit rate, gross national savings (proxy for deposits with the central bank), balances with the central bank, inflation rate and foreign private investments, on banking sys
34、tem profits. It also observed that liquidity ratio leads banks’ profits in Nigeria, closely followed by balances with the central bank and then, gross national savings and foreign private investments, followed suit in
35、that order. The study recommended a drastic reduction in balances with central bank, liquidity ratio and cash reserve ratio profiles by the monetary authorities to enable banks create adequate credits and release more
36、money into circulation for effective financial intermediation to occur; ensure effective and efficient management of bank liquidity by banks to moderate levels so as to optimize profitability, and curb perennial unethi
37、cal banking practices such as directly engaging in trading, importation and exportation of goods, and other speculative deals, instead of lending to the domestic economy.Ramadan, Kilani and Kaddumi (2011) investigated
38、the nature of the relationship between the profitability of banks and the characteristics of internal and external factors. Results showed that the Jordanian bank’s characteristics explain a significant part of the vari
39、ation in bank profitability. High Jordanian bank profitability tends to be associated with well-capitalized banks, high lending activities, low credit risk, and the efficiency of cost management. Results also showed th
40、at the estimated effect of size did not support the significant scale economies for Jordanian banks. Finally, the estimation results indicated that individual effects on the profitability are present; this is concluded
41、 due to the fact that some of the differential slope coefficients are statistically significant.Alpera and Anbar (2011) examined the bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of the banks’ profitability in Turkey ove
42、r the time period from 2002 to 2010. The results showed that asset size and non - interest income have a positive and significant effect on bank profitability. However, size of credit portfolio and loans under follow-u
43、p have a negative and significant impact on bank profitability. With regard to macroeconomic variables, only the real interest rate affects the performance of banks positively. These results suggest that banks can i
44、mprove their profitability through increasing bank size and non-interest income, decreasing credit/asset ratio. In addition, higher real interest rate can lead to higher bank profitability.Javaid, Anwar and Abdul Gafoor
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