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1、ReviewGuidelines for the management of ovarian cancer during pregnancyHenri Marret a,1,*, Catherine Lhomme ´ b,1, Fabrice Lecuru c,1, Michel Canis d,1, Jean Le ´ve `que e,1, Francois Golfier f,1, Philippe Moric

2、e b,1a Centre Hospitalier Regionale et Universitaire de Tours, Ho ?pital Bretonneau, Tours 37044 ce ´dex 1, France b Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France c Hopital Europe ´

3、;en Gorges Pompidou 20, rue Leblanc 75 Paris 15e `me, France d Hotel Dieu CHU bd Le ´on Malfreyt, 63058 Clermont Ferrand, France e Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes 16 bd de Bulgarie, 35200 Rennes, France f

4、 Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud: Chemin du Grand Revoyet - 69495 Pierre Be ´nite, FranceContents1. Preliminary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192. Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193. Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.1. Management of epithelial invasive tumours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.2. Management of non-epithelial malignant tumours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20European Journal of Obstetrics however,they should be considered advisory and should not replace specific interdisciplinary consultation withspecialists in maternal–fetal medicine,

12、gynecologic oncology and pediatrics, as well as imaging andpathology, as needed.Second level ultrasound including Doppler is needed. MRI is not often necessary, and CA 125 is of lowcontribution. We suggest surgery be per

13、formed after 15 weeks gestation for ovarian masses which (1)persist into the second trimester, (2) are greater than 5–10 cm in diameter, or (3) have solid or mixedsolid and cystic ultrasound characteristics. During the a

14、ntepartum period surgical staging and debulking,unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy on the side with the tumour, peritoneal cytology and exploration arenecessary. Women found to have advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer

15、 should consider havingcompletion of the debulking of the reproductive organs at the conclusion of the pregnancy. Ifchemotherapy is indicated, we recommend delaying administration, if possible, until after the deliveryor

16、 at least after 20 weeks in order to minimize the potential fetal toxicity.? 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.* Corresponding author at: Tours University Hospital, Ho ?pital Bretonneau, Department of Gynaec

17、ology and Obstetrics, Foetal Medicine, Medicine and ReproductiveBiology, Tours 37044 cedex 1, France. Tel.: +33 47 47 47 41; fax: +33 (0)2 47 47 92 73.E-mail addresses: marret@med.univ-tours.fr, h.marret@chu-tours.fr (H.

18、 Marret).1 On behalf of the French Working Group on Gynecological Cancers in Pregnancy SFOG (Socie ´te ´ Franc ¸aise d’Oncologie Gyne `cologique), SFCP (Socie ´te ´ Franc ¸aise de ChirurgieP

19、elvienne), CNGOF (Colle `ge National des Gyne ´cologues Obste ´triciens Franc ¸ais).Contents lists available at ScienceDirectEuropean Journal of Obstetrics 61:463–70. [2] Schmeler KM, Mayo-Smith WW, Peiper

20、t JF, Weitzen S, Manuel MD, Gordinier ME. Adnexal masses in pregnancy: surgery compared with observation. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:1098–103. [3] Sherard 3rd GB, Hodson CA, Williams HJ, Semer DA, Hadi HA, Tait DL. Adnexal

21、masses and pregnancy: a 12-year experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:358–62 [discussion 362–3]. [4] Wong HF, Low JJH, Chua Y, Busmanis I, Tay EH. Ovarian tumors of borderline malignancy: a review of 247 patients from

22、 1991 to 2004. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007;17:342–9. [5] Leiserowitz G, Xing G, Cress R, Brahmbhatt B, Dalrymple J. Adnexal masses in pregnancy: how often are they malignant? Gynecol Oncol 2006;101:315–21. [6] Bernhard L,

23、Klebba P, Gray D, Mutch D. Predictors of persistance of adnexal masses in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93:585–9. [7] Yazbek J, Salim R, Woelfer B, Aslam N, Lee CT, Jurkovic D. The value of ultrasound visualization of t

24、he ovaries during the routine 11–14 weeks nuchal translucency scan. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007;132:154–8. [8] Hill LM, Connors-Beatty DJ, Nowak A, Tush B. The role of ultrasonography in the detection and manag

25、ement of adnexal masses during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:703–7. [9] Glanc P, Brofman N, Salem S, Kornecki A, Abrams J, Farine D. The prevalence of incidental simple ovaria

26、n cysts > or =3 cm detected by transvaginal sonogra- phy in early pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Cancer 2007;29:502–6. [10] Condous G, Khalid A, Okaro E, Bourne T. Should we be examining the ovaries in pregnancy? Preval

27、ence and natural history of adnexal pathology detected at first-trimester sonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004;24:62–6.[11] Chiang G, Levine D. Imaging of adnexal masses in pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med 2004;23:805–1

28、9. [12] Thornton JG, Wells M. Ovarian cysts in pregnancy: does ultrasound make traditional management inappropriate? Obstet Gynecol 1987;69:717–21. [13] Marret H. Echographie et Doppler dans le diagnostic des kystes ovar

29、iens: indications pertinences des crite `res diagnostiques. J GynecolObstet Biol Reprod 2001;30. 4S20–33. [14] ACOG Pratice Bulletin. Management of Adnexal masses. Obstet Gynecol 2007;110:201–13. [15] Marret H, Ecochard

30、R, Giraudeau B, Golfier F, Raudrant D, Lansac J. Color Doppler energy prediction of malignancy in adnexal masses using logistic regression models. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;20:597–604. [16] Marret H, Sauget S, Girau

31、deau B, Body G, Tranquart F. Power Doppler vascu- larity index for predicting malignancy of adnexal masses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005;25:508–13. [17] Marret H, Vinatier L, Sauget S, Giraudeau B, Body G, Tranquart F.

32、 Power Doppler index for preoperative ovarian tumors discrimination. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2007;35:541–7. [18] Mol B, Boll D, De Kanter M, et al. Distinguishing the benign and the malignant adnexal mass: an external vali

33、dation of prognostic models. Gynecol Oncol 2001;80:162–7. [19] Timmerman D, Testa AC, Bourne T, et al., International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group. Logistic regression model to distinguish between the benign and malignan

34、t adnexal mass before surgery: a multicenter study by the Interna- tional Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8794–801. [20] Alcazar JL, Castillo G. Comparison of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional power- Dop

35、pler imaging in complex adnexal masses for the prediction of ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:807–12. [21] Sharony R, Aviram R, Fishman A, et al. Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: do they have a unique ultr

36、asonographic and color Doppler flow features? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2001;11:229–33. [22] Gueyea A, Narduccib F, Baranzellib M-C, et al. Tumeurs germinales malignes de l’ovaire. A ` propos de 36 cas. Gyne ´col Obste &

37、#180;t Fertil 2007;35:406–19. [23] Gershenson DM. Management of ovarian germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2938–43. [24] Miyakoshi K, Tanaka M, Gabionza D, et al. Decidualized ovarian endometriosis mimicking malignan

38、cy. Am J Roentgenol 1998;171:1625–6. [25] Sammour RN, Leibovitz Z, Shapiro I, et al. Decidualization of ovarian endome- triosis during pregnancy mimicking malignancy. J Ultrasound Med 2005;24:1289–94. [26] Webb JA, Thoms

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40、234–40. [27] Balleyguier C, Jouanic JM, Corre ´as JM, Benachi A, Dumez Y, Menu Y. CT pelvimetry: a new approach using multi detector CT and volume rendering. J Radiol 2003;84:425–7. [28] Chen MM, Coakley FV, Kaimal

41、A, Laros Jr RK. Guidelines for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging use during pregnancy and lactation. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:333–40. [29] Telischak NA, Yeh BM, Joe BN, et al. MRI of adnexal masses in pre

42、gnancy. Am J Roentgenol 2008;191:364. [30] Spitzer M, Kaushal N, Benjamin F. Maternal CA-125 levels in pregnancy and the puerperium. J Reprod Med 1998;43:387–92. [31] Poncelet C, Fauvet R, Boccara J, Dara? ¨ E. Recc

43、urence after cystectomy for borderline ovarian tumors: results of a french multicenter study. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:565–71. [32] Yinon Y, Beiner M, Gotlieb W, Korach Y, Perri T, Ben-Baruch G. Clinical outcome of cystect

44、omy compared with unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as fertility- sparing treatment of borderline ovarian tumors. Fertil Steril 2007;88:479–84. [33] Gotlieb WH, Flikker S, Davidson B, Korach Y, Kopolovic J, Ben-Baruch G.

45、Borderline tumors of the ovary: fertility treatment, conservative management, and pregnancy outcome. Cancer 1998;82:141–6. [34] Zanetta G, Mariani E, Lissoni A, et al. A prospective study of the role of ultrasound in the

46、 management of adnexal masses in pregnancy. BJOG 2003;110:578–83. [35] Dubernard G, Bazot M, Barranger E, et al. Accuracy of MR imaging combined with sonography for the diagnosis of persistent adnexal masses during preg-

47、 nancy: about nine cases. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2005;33:293–8. [36] ACOG Committee. ACOG committee opinion #299: guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:647. [37] Giuntoli 2nd RL, Vang

48、 RS, Bristow RE. Evaluation and management of adnexal masses during pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2006;49:492–505. [38] Machado F, Vegas C, Leon J, et al. Ovarian cancer during pregnancy: analysis of 15 cases. Gynecol O

49、ncol 2007;105:446–50. [39] Zhao XY, Huang HF, Lian LJ, Lang JH. Ovarian cancer in pregnancy: a clinico- pathologic analysis of 22 cases and review of the literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006;16:8–15. [40] Behtash N, Kar

50、imi Zarchi M, Modares Gilani M, Ghaemmaghami F, Mousavi A, Ghotbizadeh F. Ovarian carcinoma associated with pregnancy: a clinicopath- ologic analysis of 23 cases and review of the literature. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 200

51、8;8:3–10. [41] Antonelli NM, Dotters DJ, Katz VL, Kuller JA. Cancer in pregnancy: a review of the literature, Part I. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1996;51:125–34. [42] Platek DN, Henderson CE, Goldberg GL. The management of a per

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