讀真題記單詞考研英語核心詞匯速成(1-60單元)

1、考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng) Unit 1 一、真題文章(1994 年) The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one

2、 source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in t

3、he listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission---reception system breaks down. Moreover，inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which

4、 is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners. 二、譯文 與語言相關的，可以討論的首要的和最小的單位是詞。說

5、話時，選詞是最重要的。適 當?shù)倪x詞可以消除交際過程中可能出現(xiàn)的障礙。用詞粗心大意往往阻礙說話人和聽話 人的思想交流。說話人使用的詞匯可能引起聽話人的反感，從而干擾其理解。因此， 這傳輸信息——接受信息系統(tǒng)就會中斷。 而且，詞義不準確或不明確的詞使聽話人難于聽懂傳遞給他的信息。說話人的常用詞 匯中如沒有詳細而精確的詞的話，就不可能用聽話人能理解的方式進行解釋或描述。 三、考研核心詞匯 choice / tFCis / n. 選擇, 抉擇,

6、 精選品, 選擇機會, 選擇權 adj. 精選的, 上等的, 挑三揀 四的, 可選的, 寵愛的, 愛惜的 [例] She had to make a choice between the two dresses. 她得在兩件衣服中選擇一件。 [同義] alternative ， cream ，decision ，option， pick， preference ，selection [派生] choose / tFu:z / v. 選

7、擇, 選定 [固定搭配] at one's own choice 隨意挑選, 自由選擇；be choice of 好挑剔的； utmost / 5QtmEust / n. 極限, 最大可能, 極力 adj. 極度的, 最遠的 [例] the utmost ends of the earth 天涯海角 [同義] extreme, farthest ,greatest, most [固定搭配] at the utmost 至多；

8、do one's utmost 盡全力； make the utmost of ...充分利 用； to the utmost 竭力; 盡力；reaction / ri(:)5AkFEn / n. 反應, 反作用, 反動(力) [例] What is his reaction to your proposal? 他對你的建議有什么反應? [反義] action / 5AkFEn / n. 動作, 作用, 戰(zhàn)斗, 行動, 舉動

9、, 行為, (戲劇或書中)的情節(jié), (某一地區(qū)、領域或團體中)最能產(chǎn)生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活動 vt. 對...起訴 [派生] react / ri5Akt / vi. 起反應, 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用 reactive / ri(:)5Aktiv / adj. 反應的, 起反作用的, 反動的, 電抗性的 interfere / 7intE5fiE / vi. 干涉, 干預, 妨礙, 打擾 [例] I was playing

10、 with Jane, but Anne interfered and spoiled the game. 我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了進來，把游戲給打亂了。 [同義] arbitrate, encroach, intercede ,interrupt, intervene, intrude, meddle [派生] interference /7intE5fiErEns/ n. 沖突, 干涉 [固定搭配] interfere in

11、 干涉, 干預； interfere with 妨礙; 干涉, 干擾； comprehension /7kCmpri5henFEn/ n. 理解, 包含 [例] Reading depends on the comprehension of the ideas expressed by the words used. 閱讀有賴于對所用詞句所表達的含義的理解。 [同義] apprehension [反義] incomprehension

12、/ in7kCmpri5henFEn / n. 不了解, 不領悟 [派生] comprehensive /7kCmpri5hensiv/ adj. 全面的, 廣泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的 comprehend /7kCmpri5hend/ vt. 領會, 理解, 包括(包含), 由...組成 hence / hens / adv. 因此, 從此 [例] They grew up in the Sudan; hence their i

13、nterest in Nubian art. 他們在蘇丹長大；由是產(chǎn)生了對努比亞藝術的興趣 [同義] accordingly, away, consequently, elsewhere, from now on, later therefore [反義] ago / E5^Eu / adv. 以前的, 以往的 transmission / trAnz5miFEn / n. 播送, 發(fā)射, 傳動, 傳送, 傳輸, 轉(zhuǎn)播 [例] tra

14、nsmission of news 消息的傳播 [同義] sending ,transport, transfer, broadcast [反義] reception / ri5sepFEn / n. 接待, 招待會, 接收 [派生] transmissible / trAnz5misEbl / adj. 可傳送的, 可遺傳的transmit / trAnz5mit / vt. 傳輸, 轉(zhuǎn)送, 傳達, 傳導, 發(fā)射, 遺傳, 傳播

15、vi.發(fā)射信號, 發(fā)報 inaccurate / in5Akjurit / adj. 錯誤的, 不準確的 [例] There is a slight inaccuracy in this design. 這張設計圖中有一點不大準確。 [同義] incorrect , inexact [反義] accurate / 5Akjurit / adj. 正確的, 精確的 [派生] inaccuracy / in5AkjurEsi / n. 錯誤

16、 indefinite / in5definit / adj. 模糊的, 不確定的, [語]不定的 [例] an indefinite leave of absence 對在場者的離席無明確限制的 [同義] broad, confused, general, hazy, indistinct, obscure, unclear, vague [反義] definite / 5definit / adj. 明確的, 一定的 [派生]

17、indefinitely / in5definitli / adv. 不確定地 四、強化練習 1. And price is the number one factor influencing consumers' __________ of vehicle in China, with 98% of respondents naming it, compared with 82% of UK consumers and 8

18、3% of those in the U.S. A. desire B. conclusion C. choice D. purpose 2. Although the rain pours down with the ________ relentlessness, ceasing all outdoor activities, the man of the field lifts his face to the he

19、avens and smiles. A. top B. utmost C. graceful D. dissipated 3. The Romantic Movement, which started as a ________ against the industrial revolution of the century, was born and flourished in Germany, but has no

20、t stopped the Germans from being Europe's most successful entrepreneurs and industrialists. A. constancy B. construction C. convention D. reaction 4. First of all, don’t let your emotions ________ with your vi

21、sion. Don t see something because you want to see it. A. interfere B. interpret C. consolidate D. comply5. To prevent local __________ of the disease, mosquito-breeding places must be eliminated. A. transference

22、 B. transmission C. change D. console 答案： CBDAB 考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng) Unit 2 一、真題文章 Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep

23、. Neither kind of sleep is at all well- understood , but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious .The new experiments, such as these de

24、scribed for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep .For example, it has long been known that total sleep de

25、privation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet , upon examination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal . A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats develop bacteria

26、l infections of the blood , as if their immune systems--the self-protecting mechanism against disease--had crashed. 二、譯文 睡眠通常被分為所謂的 REM 睡眠階段（REM=rapid eye movement 眼睛快速運動） 和較長非 REM 睡眠階段，前者特點為眼球快速轉(zhuǎn)動并做夢。我們對兩種形式的睡眠 了解都不多，但

27、是人們認為 REM 睡眠對大腦起某種康復功能的作用。非 REM 睡眠 的作用更加神秘。最近睡眠研究協(xié)會在明尼阿波利斯舉行的會議上，專家們首次描 述的一些新實驗，對非 REM 睡眠的作用的闡釋令人興奮。 例如，人們早已了解到，完全剝奪其睡眠對老鼠具有 100%的致命性，然而，在檢查 老鼠尸體時，這些動物看上去完全正常。一研究人員已闡明這些動物死亡原因的奧 秘。老鼠患血液細菌感染，似乎他們的免疫系統(tǒng)（抵抗疾病的自我保護機制）已崩 潰。 三

28、、考研核心詞匯 characterize / 5kArIktEraIz / vt. 表現(xiàn)...的特色, 刻畫的...性格 [例] This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 這種舉止是罪犯的心理特征。 [同義] depict, describe, distinguish, picture, portray, represent [派生] characterization

29、 / 7kAriktErai5zeiFEn / n. 描述, 人物之創(chuàng)造 assume / E5sju:m / vt. 假定, 設想, 采取, 呈現(xiàn) [例] The queen assumed a velvet robe. 王后穿了一件天鵝絨長袍 [同義] adopt, believe, presume. put on, suppose, suspect [反義] conclude / kEn5klu:d / v. 結束, 終止, 決

30、定, 作出結論 vt. 推斷, 斷定, 締結, 議定 [派生] assumed / E5sju:md / adj. 假定的, 假裝的, 裝的 restorative / ri5stC:rEtiv / adj. 有助于復元的 n. 滋補劑 [例] a restorative tonic 有恢復作用的滋補品 [派生] restore / ris5tC: / vt. 恢復, 使回復, 歸還, 交還, 修復, 重建 function / 5f

31、QNkFEn / n. 官能, 功能, 作用, 職責, 典禮, 儀式, [數(shù)]函數(shù) vi. (器官等)活動, 運行, 行使職責 [例] Growth is a function of nutrition . 長身體是由營養(yǎng)決定的。 [同義] act, ceremony, exercise, gathering, operate, perform [派生] functional / 5fQNkFEnl / adj. 功能的 [固定搭配]

32、public function 盛大的公共集會, 正式社交集會； social function 盛大的公共集會, 正式社交集會； purpose / 5pE:pEs / n. 目的, 意圖, 用途, 效果, 決心, 意志 vt. 打算, 企圖, 決心 [例] He went to town with the purpose of buying a new television. 他進城的目的是買一臺新電視機。 [同義] aim, d

33、esign, determination, goal, intention, object [派生] purposeful / 5pE:pEsful / adj. 有目的的 [固定搭配] on purpose 故意地；有意地； to good purpose 有益地，有成效地 to little purpose or to no purpose 幾乎徒勞的，少有成效地 deprivation / 7depri5veiFEn / n.

34、 剝奪 [例] deprivation of civil rights 剝奪公民權 [派生] deprival /di5praivEl/ n. 剝奪 deprive / di5praiv / vt. 剝奪, 使喪失 fatal /5feitl/ adj. 致命的, 重大的, 命運注定的, 不幸的, 致命的, 毀滅性的 [例] “It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it

35、” (Douglas MacArthur). “不抱贏的希望參加戰(zhàn)爭，那是必死無疑的” （道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟）。 [同義] deadly, destructive, disastrous, fateful, important, killing [派生] fatally / 5feItElI / adv. 致命地, 宿命地, 不幸地 bacterial / bAk`tIErIEl / adj. 細菌的 [例] bact

36、erial diseases. 細菌性疾病 [派生] bacteria / bAk5tiEriE / n. 細菌 immune / i5mju:n / adj. 免疫的 [例] The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police. 罪犯被告知說,如果他協(xié)助警方,就可以免受懲罰。 [同義] clear, exempt, fr

37、ee, resistant [反義] liable / 5laiEbl / adj. 有責任的, 有義務的, 易...的, 有...傾向的, 負有責任的, 很 有可能的susceptible / sE5septEbl / adj. 易受影響的, 易感動的, 容許...的 n. (因缺乏免疫力而) 易得病的人 [派生] immunize / `ImjU:naIz / v. 使免疫, 賦予免疫性 crash / krAF / n. 碰撞,

38、墜落, 墜毀, 撞擊聲, 爆裂聲 v. 碰撞, 墜落, 墜毀, (指商業(yè)公司, 政府等)破產(chǎn), 垮臺 [例] The elephant crashed through the forest. 大象沖進森林。 [同義] break, shatter, smash, strike [派生] crasher / `krAFE(r) / n. 猛擊, 不速之客 [固定搭配] on a crash basis 緊[應]急地； with a cra

39、sh 轟隆一聲； 四、強化練習 1. The scientists monitored the patients' blood pressure, release of harmful hormones(荷爾蒙) and other measurables that__________ heart failure.四、 強化練習 1. Buying a train or a bus ticket used to be a

40、 major hassle. Now any hotel or travel ________ can book your tickets A. resource B. recollection C. agency D. agony 2. He’s just like a fly hanging around. Sorry, not a fly. It’s a________ of flies flying near yo

41、ur ears A. bunch B. swarm C. lump D. pile 3. They were ________, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. A. giant B. clever C. deli

42、ght D. light 4. Nowadays the average age at which people settle down and marry is much older than it was 30 years ago, so singles will tend to have more________ income.” A. dependent B. redundant C. professional

43、 D. disposable 5. “John Mills was a great actor, a true gentleman and a ________ friend; someone who made us proud to be British,“ Blair said in a statement. A. loyal B. liar C. gangster D. predominant 答案：CBA

44、DA 考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng) Unit 5 一、 真題文章 Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the ave

45、rage man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred year

46、s from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, however, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in history and economics, hav

47、e shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 二

48、、 譯文直到不久以前，絕大部分歷史學家對工業(yè)革命仍持批評的態(tài)度。他們承認，從長期 來看工業(yè)化大大地提高了普通人的生活水平。但是，他們堅持認為在 1750 至 1850 年 間，工業(yè)革命所造成的直接后果是給大多數(shù)英國民眾帶來了普遍的貧窮和困苦。相比 之下，他們認為在那之前的一百年，即 1650 至 1750 年，那時英國依舊還是個完全的 農(nóng)業(yè)國，但那是一個富裕繁榮的歷史時期。然而，人們普遍認為這種觀點是錯誤的。歷史學和經(jīng)濟學方面的專家

49、已經(jīng)證明了兩 件事：從 1650 年到 1750 年期間以極度貧困為特征，而工業(yè)化顯然沒有使這種狀況惡 化；事實上卻可能改善了絕大多數(shù)平民百姓的生活條件。 三、 考研核心詞匯 industrialization / in7dQstriElai5zeiFn / n. 工業(yè)化, 產(chǎn)業(yè)化 [例] bring about industrialization 實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化 [派生] industrialize / in5dQstriEla

50、iz / vt. 使工業(yè)化 vi. 工業(yè)化 average / 5AvEridV / n. 平均, 平均水平, 平均數(shù), 海損 adj. 一般的, 通常的, 平均的 vt. 平均為, 均分, 使平衡, 達到平均水平 vi. 買進, 賣出 [例] What is the average rainfall for August in your country? 你們國家八月份的平均降雨量是多少? [同義] fair, medium, mid

51、dle, ordinary, passable, usual [反義] maximum / 5mAksimEm / n. 最大量, 最大限度, 極大 adj. 最高的, 最多的, 最大極限的, minimum / 5minimEm / adj. 最小的, 最低的 n. 最小值, 最小化 [派生] averagely / 5AvEridVli / adv. 平均地, 一般地 [固定搭配] law of averages 平均律； on

52、(an) average 通常；按平均； widespread / 5waIdspred, -5spred / adj. 分布廣泛的, 普遍的 [例] a widespread disease 一種流行病 [派生] widespreader / 5waid5spredE / 撒布裝置 misery / 5mizEri / n. 痛苦, 苦惱, 悲慘, 不幸, 窮困 [例] Misery loves company. 同病相憐。 [同

53、義] distress [反義] happiness / 5hApinis / n. 幸福, 快樂 [派生] miserable / 5mizErEbl / adj. 痛苦的, 悲慘的, 可憐 preceding / pri(:)5si:diN / adj. 在前的, 前述的 [例] the preceding night 前一晚 [同義] previous, prior ,former [派生] precede / pri(:)

54、5si:d / v. 領先(于), 在...之前, 先于 abundance / E5bQndEns / n. 豐富, 充裕, 豐富充裕 [例] The tree yields an abundance of fruit. 這樹結果甚多。 [同義] plenty , profusion [反義] lack / lAk / n. 缺乏, 短缺的東西 vt. 缺乏, 沒有, 需要 vi. 缺乏, 沒有 [派生] abundant / E5b

55、QndEnt / adj. 豐富的, 充裕的, 豐富, 盛產(chǎn), 富于 specialist / 5speFElIst / n. 專門醫(yī)師, 專家 [例] a specialist in oncology 一個腫瘤科醫(yī)生 [同義] expert [派生] special / 5speFEl / n. 特派員, 專車, ?？?adj. 特別的, 特殊的, 專門的, populace / 5pCpjulEs / n. 平民 [例] m

56、ajority of the populace 絕大多數(shù)平民百姓 四、 強化練習 1. The _______ age at first marriage in the USA has been inching upward; it's now 26 for women and 27 for men. A. first B. average C. fundamental D. essence 2. Kun

57、g Fu features abundant varieties and delicate skills and has become __________physical exercises. A. valuable B. priceless C. widespread D. worthless 3. Of the January sun; and not to think of any_________ in the

58、sound of the wind, in the sound of a few leaves. A. prick B. prestige C. pressure D. misery 4. Rice may reign supreme in Vietnamese cuisine (烹飪), but fish and seafood are not far behind in significance or _____

59、_____.A. abundance B. pretext C. pride D. pack 5. _________economic considerations are what the Chinese President termed “three evil forces“ - terrorism, extremism and separatism - which prompted the idea of a r

60、egional mechanism. A. Lessening B. Legal C. Preceding D. Dizzy 考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng) Unit 6 一、 真題文章 Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to org

61、anize them, and continue working to keep them alive and active. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety pr

62、ograms may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations. Still others de

63、pend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From

64、a financial stand-point alone, safety pays off. The fewer the injury claims, the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at a profit or at a loss. 二、 譯文安全生產(chǎn)并非始自今日。事故發(fā)生率

65、較低的公司往往制定安全計劃，盡力安排計劃 的實施，并不斷努力使其保持活力、發(fā)揮作用。當上述工作圓滿完成時，一個無事 故的作業(yè)環(huán)境便建立起來。在這里，因人員傷害而損失的時間便會保持在最低水 平。 成功的安全計劃因其側(cè)重點不同而存在很大的差異。有些計劃把重點放在對機械的 安全防護上，有些則強調(diào)通過遵守規(guī)章制度來保證安全生產(chǎn)，還有一些是依靠對工 人采取動之以情的做法。但是要想獲得最佳效果，在每個安全措施中，都要遵循某 些基本的觀念。 安全生產(chǎn)

66、的價值毋庸置疑。單從經(jīng)濟角度來看，安全生產(chǎn)也是大有裨益的。傷害索 賠越少，員工的保險率就越高。它可能意味著企業(yè)經(jīng)營的盈虧。 三、 考研核心詞匯 establish / is5tAbliF / vt . 建立, 設立, 安置, 使定居, 使人民接受, 確定 v. 建立 [例] The club has established a new rule allowing women to join. “俱樂部制定了一條新規(guī)章,允許婦女入

67、會?！?[同義] demonstrate , fix , found , organize, prove, set, settle, show [反義] demolish / di5mCliF / vt. 毀壞, 破壞, 推翻, 粉碎 [派生] establishment / is5tAbliFmEnt / n. 確立, 制定, 設施, 公司, 軍事組織 due / dju: / n. 應得物、權力, [復]應付款 adj. 應得的,

68、應付的, 正當?shù)? 預期的, (車、船 預定)應到的 [例] Our thanks are due to him. 我們要感謝他。 [同義] equitable, fair, fitting ,just ,proper, rightful ,square [反義] undue / 5Qn5dju: / adj. 不適當?shù)?[固定搭配] due to 因為；由…引起；由于； differ / 5difE / vi. 不一致, 不同 [例