宏經(jīng)名詞解釋

1、 宏經(jīng)名詞解釋 宏經(jīng)名詞解釋1. Macroeconomics ：The study of the economy as a whole. 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)：把經(jīng)濟(jì)視為一個(gè)整體而進(jìn)行的研究。2. Gross domestic product (GDP) ：The total income earned domestically, including the inco

2、me earned by foreign-owned factors of production; the total expenditure on domestically produced goods and services.國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值：國(guó)內(nèi)所獲得的總收入，包括在國(guó)外使用的生產(chǎn)要素帶來(lái)的收入；對(duì)一國(guó)產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)產(chǎn)出的總支出。3. Value added ：The value of a firm’s output mi

3、nus the value of the intermediate goods the firm purchased.增加值 增加值：企業(yè)產(chǎn)出的價(jià)值減去企業(yè)購(gòu)買(mǎi)的中間產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值。4. Real GDP ：The value of goods and services measured using a constant set of prices.實(shí)際 實(shí)際 GDP：用一組不變價(jià)格衡量的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)的價(jià)值。5. GDP deflator：T

4、he ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP; a measure of the overall level of prices that shows the cost of the currently produced basket of goods relative to the cost of that basket in a base year.GDP 平減指數(shù) 平減指數(shù)：名義 GDP 與實(shí)際 GDP

5、比率；衡量總體價(jià)格水平的指標(biāo)，表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)期生產(chǎn)的一籃子物品的成本相對(duì)于基年生產(chǎn)的同一籃子物品的成本的值。6. Consumer price index (CPI) ：A measure of the overall level of prices that shows the cost of a fixed basket of consumer goods relative to the cost of the same basket in

6、 a base year.消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù) 消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)：價(jià)格總體水平的一種衡量指標(biāo)，它表示固定的一籃子消費(fèi)者商品的成本相對(duì)于同樣一籃子消費(fèi)者商品在基年的成本的值。7. Unemployment rate ：The percentage of those in the labor force who do not have jobs.失業(yè)率 失業(yè)率：勞動(dòng)力中沒(méi)有工作的人所占的百分比。8. Labor-force participatio

7、n rate ：The percentage of the adult population in the labor force.勞動(dòng)力參與率 勞動(dòng)力參與率：成年人口中勞動(dòng)力的百分比。9. Disposable income：Income remaining after the payment of taxes. 可支配收入 可支配收入：稅后收貨幣的收入流通速度： 貨幣的收入流通速度：在一個(gè)給定時(shí)期一張美元鈔票進(jìn)入某個(gè)人收入的次數(shù)。2

8、0. Real money balances: The quantity of money expressed in terms of the quantity of goods and services it can buy; the quantity of money divided by the price level (M/P).實(shí)際貨幣余額： 實(shí)際貨幣余額：用能購(gòu)買(mǎi)的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)的數(shù)量來(lái)表示的貨幣量；貨幣量除以?xún)r(jià)格水平（M/P）

9、 。21. Seigniorage: The revenue raised by the government through the creation of money; also called the inflation tax.貨幣鑄造稅： 貨幣鑄造稅：政府通過(guò)創(chuàng)造貨幣而籌集到的收入；又稱(chēng)“通貨膨脹稅”。22. Fisher effect: The one-for-one influence of expected inflati

10、on on the nominal interest rate. 費(fèi)雪效應(yīng)： 費(fèi)雪效應(yīng)：預(yù)期通貨膨脹對(duì)名義利率一對(duì)一的影響。23. Fisher equation: The equation stating that the nominal interest rate is the sum of the real interest rate and expected inflation ( i = r + Eπ).費(fèi)雪方程： 費(fèi)雪方程：

11、這一方程規(guī)定，名義利率是實(shí)際利率與預(yù)期通貨膨脹率之和( i = r + Eπ).24. Shoeleather cost: The cost of inflation from reducing real money balances, such as the inconvenience of needing to make more frequent trips to the bank.鞋底成本： 鞋底成本：減少實(shí)際貨幣余額引起的通貨

12、膨脹成本，例如，需要更頻繁地光顧銀行帶來(lái)的不方便。25. Menu cost: The cost of changing a price.菜單成本： 菜單成本：價(jià)格調(diào)整的成本。26. Classical dichotomy: The theoretical separation of real and nominal variables in the classical model, which implies that nominal

13、 variables do not influence real variables. (Cf. neutrality of money.)古典二分法： 古典二分法：古典模型中名義變量與實(shí)際變量在理論上的分離，它意味著名義變量不影響實(shí)際變量。27. Monetary neutrality: The property that a change in the money supply does not influence real var