【astm標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】e 2073 - 10

1、Designation: E2073 ? 10 An American National StandardStandard Test Method for Photopic Luminance of Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Markings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2073; the number immedia

2、tely following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´)

3、 indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the ph

4、otopic luminance of photoluminescent (phosphorescent) markings. It does not cover scotopic or mesopic measurements.1.2 When reference is made regarding photoluminescence in the text of this test method, it implies phosph

5、orescence.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered s

6、tandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practi

7、ces and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E284 Terminology of Appearance E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE Sy

8、stemE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations E2072 Specification for Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety Markings2.2 Other Standards: Publication CIE No. 69 (1987) Methods of characterizing illuminance mete

9、rs and luminance meters; Performance, characteristics and specifications 33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms in Terminology E284 and Termi- nology E1316 are applicable to this specification.4. Significance and Use4.1

10、 To assess how photoluminescent markings perform under identical test conditions, the luminance shall be mea- sured in accordance with this test method (see Specification E2072).5. Apparatus5.1 Illuminance Meter—To measu

11、re the illumination of the activating light source on the surface of the photoluminescent marking, use an illuminance meter calibrated to measure illuminance in fc (lux), with the following features: spectral error, f1&#

12、39;, #5 %; UV response, u, #0.5 %; resolution 1.0 lux; and linearity error, f3, #0.5 % (see Public. CIE No. 69).5.2 Luminance Meter—To measure the photopic luminance of photoluminescent markings, use a luminance meter wi

13、th the following minimum features (see Publication CIE No. 69): spectral error, f1', #5 %; UV response, u, #0.5 %; resolution at least 0.1 mcd/m2; linearity error, f3, #0.5 %; signal-to-noise- ratio: at least 10:1 fo

14、r all measurements. The instrument shall have been calibrated within the preceding 12 months using photometric standards traceable to a national standards insti- tute.6. Sampling, Test Specimens and Test Units6.1 Method

15、of Sampling—Take a minimum of three samples. Each sample shall be of a minimum size of at least 13?4-in. (45-mm) in diameter. Select samples at random. If a manufacturer, samples shall be representative of the production

16、 lot, coded and identified to correspond to production batch codes, and shall be numbered consecutively. Field-mixed/field- applied paints/coatings shall be applied by the testing labora- tory in compliance with the manu

17、facturer’s preparation and application instructions, which have to include, but shall not be limited to, primers if required, layers needed, and wet (if required) and dry coat thicknesses, as luminance of the photolumine

18、scent paint/coating is dependent on these factors.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.13 on Photoluminescent Saf

19、ety Markings. Current edition approved March 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2073 - 09a. DOI: 10.1520/E2073-10. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visi

20、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 Available

21、 from U.S. National Committee of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination), C/o Thomas M. Lemons, TLA-Lighting Consultants, Inc., 7 Pond St., Salem, MA 01970, http://www.cie-usnc.org.Copyright © ASTM Intern

22、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States110.3 Concept of r (Repeatability) and R (Reproducibility) —If Sr and SR have been calculated from a large enough body of data,

23、and for test results that were averages from testing the specimens, then: 10.3.1 Repeatability, r—In comparing two test results for the same material, obtained by the same operator using the same equipment, the two test

24、results should be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r value for that material.10.3.2 Reproducibility, R—In comparing the test results for the same material, obtained by different operators using diffe

25、r- ent equipment on different days in different laboratories, the test results should be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the R value for that material. 10.3.3 Standard Deviation, S—The S in SR and Sr st

26、ands for Standard Deviation, and so SR is the Standard Deviation of the reproducibility, and Sr is the Standard Deviation of the repeat- ability. 10.3.4 Any judgement in accordance with these two state- ments would have

27、an appropriate 95 % probability of being correct.10.4 Bias—This bias of this test method is unknown be- cause there is no accepted reference material.11. Keywords11.1 illuminance; luminance; photoluminescenceAPPENDIXES(N

28、onmandatory Information)X1. CODE COMPLIANCEX1.1 When this standard is used to show compliance with codes or standards, the manufacturer should have an agreement with an organization that is acceptable to the Authority Ha

29、ving Jurisdiction for follow-up factory inspection services.X2. PRECISION AND BIAS FOR ACTIVATION WITH CIE STANDARD ILLUMINANT A (SECTION 10 IN E2073 –02)X2.1 Precision: Interlaboratory Test Program—An inter- laboratory

30、test method was conducted in 1998 based on previous round robin tests. There were six product samples. Three measurements on each of the samples were taken and five laboratories participated.X2.1.1 Samples A, D, and E we

31、re based on one type of photoluminescent pigment and Samples B, C, and F were based on another type of photoluminescent pigment.X2.1.2 The samples were activated using a CIE Standard Illuminant A (2856 K 6 20°K) for

32、 15 min, providing an illumination of 500 lux (approximately 46 fc) on the marking surface. Measurements were taken at 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after activation had ceased.X2.1.3 For the sake of simplicity in the

33、 presentation of the data, only the 10 and 60 min values will be shown here. The details of the design of the experiment and the analysis of the full data are given in ASTM Research Report RR:E12-1000.5X2.2 Test Results—

34、The precision information given inTable X2.1 and Table X2.2 is based on five laboratories, six different materials, and three measurements for two time intervals. All laboratories conducted the same procedure on the same

35、 material.X2.3 Concept of r (Repeatability) and R (Reproducibility)—If Sr and SR have been calculated from a large enough body of data, and for test results that were averages from testing the specimens, then:X2.3.1 Repe

36、atability, r—In comparing two test results for the same material, obtained by the same operator using the5 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Rep

37、ort RR:E12-1000.TABLE 3 Afterglow Luminance Values (mcd/m2) after 90 MinutesMaterial Average Sr SR r RA 2.063 ... 0.207 ... 0.578 B 2.400 ... 0.207 ... 0.580 C 9.894 0.323 0.700 0.905 1.961TABLE X2.1 Afterglow Luminance

38、Values (mcd/m2) after 10 MinutesMaterials Average Sr SR r RSample A 223.61 6.62 12.43 18.55 34.80 Sample D 139.21 1.01 7.68 2.83 21.49 Sample E 132.13 1.65 6.12 4.63 17.14 Sample B 6.43 0.13 0.54 0.36 1.51 Sample C 8.15

39、0.12 0.80 0.35 2.25 Sample F 8.40 0.19 0.76 0.52 2.11TABLE X2.2 Afterglow Luminance Values (mcd/m2) after 60 MinutesMaterials Average Sr SR r RSample A 30.92 1.00 2.42 2.79 6.77 Sample D 23.14 0.52 1.24 1.47 3.46 Sample