孔子和柏拉圖政治哲學之比較

1、華中科技大學碩士學位論文孔子和柏拉圖政治哲學之比較姓名：王利軍申請學位級別：碩士專業(yè)：馬克思主義哲學指導教師：尹雪萍20070513IIAbstract We cannot talk over the individual problems of morality purely, because the contact between any individual and state is so intimate. Any philos

2、ophy about human action is some kind of “Political” Philosophy to a great extent. Facing the same social history, Confucius and Plato, who act as the inheritors and innovators in Western and Chinese cultures, bring forwa

3、rd their own political thoughts. They all try to organize a “greatly harmonious society” or “Republic” based on the policy of public ownership, in which there are no social stratum and exploitation. They advocate the rul

4、er should be a “worthy” or “philosophy-king”. But there exist many differences. In the historical context of State-Family Integration, giving emphasis to blood ties and ethical order, Confucius’s main object is to establ

5、ish an “Ethical Country”. In ancient Greek, it is equal, independent and free between individuals. Justice is the thread of the Republic. Plato describes a happy and harmonious society by discussing justice of state and

6、individuals. To Plato, justice of state means that every class abides by its order and fulfills its duties. Individual justice means the harmony of individual soul. It regulates individuals to control and restrain themse

7、lves in their soul and do every thing right. Compared with the ethical country of Confucius, Plato seeks to establish a “Moral State”. In the development of Western philosophy, the important categories of human and God a

8、lways occupy a predominate position. The philosophy of Plato asserts ideal forms as an absolute and eternal reality of which the phenomena of the world are an imperfect and transitory reflection. Consequently, it causes

9、the earth and heaven to be in conflicting and contrasting positions. Confucius bases his philosophy upon the world, not upon the heaven, and goes beyond it. He wants to harmonize the world and the heaven. Key words: Poli