基于語料庫的莎士比亞戲劇漢譯本中l(wèi)ord人際意義顯化研究

1、 1 Chapter One Introduction Translation is a human activity which involves the author, the translator, the reader of the translation and the social cultural elements of both languages. Complicated as it is, certain unwri

2、tten universal rules still exist. In the field of translation studies, scholars have paid much attention to these rules and made attempts to reveal the features of translation, especially those that are universal in tran

3、slated texts. Efforts have been made to summarize and interpret these universal features in order to help people understand the mechanism of translation. Since the 1990s, statistics generated by the computer-based anal

4、ysis and the mass corpora of source text (ST) and target text (TT) have provided a new perspective for translation studies—corpus-based translation studies. Along with the further development of corpus linguistics and th

5、e descriptive translation study, it has become a new paradigm for translation studies. The study on the universal features of the translated language has earned much attention from within the given circle, and by far yie

6、lded many achievements, among which the probes into “translation universals” are all the more fruitful and high-profile. The existence of the “translation universals” has been attested to a large degree in translation th

7、at happen between many languages, such as English-Portuguese translation, English-Chinese translation, French-German translation, etc. Assisted by an English-Chinese parallel corpus, the present paper takes one of the un

8、iversals, explicitation, as the subject, and selects as the research object the word “l(fā)ord” in the Chinese translations of Shakespearean plays by Liang Shiqiu and Zhu Shenghao respectively. 3 by corpus. As a positive re

9、sponse to this general trend in the field of translation studies, especially in the new century, the present paper adopts a corpus-based approach to the study on explicitation, one translation universal feature, from the

10、 perspective of the explicitation of the interpersonal meanings of lord in Shakespeare’ plays translated by two great Chinese masters in translating Shakespeare, Liang Shiqiu and Zhu Shenghao respectively. 1.2.1 Corpus-b

11、ased Translation Studies and Explicitation The concept of translation universals was first put forward by Mona Baker in 1993. According to Baker, translation universals are the linguistic features of the translated texts

12、 (TT) rather than the source texts (ST), which are not the result of the interaction of certain linguistic systems (Baker 1993: 243-246). Since the introduction of electronic corpus analysis as a research methodology in

13、to translation studies in the mid 1990s, this means has functioned as an impelling stimulus to empirical research upon translation universals. Besides, benefiting from the increasing availability of and relatively easy a

14、ccess to parallel and comparable corpora in a growing number of languages, corpus-based translation studies have refined, extended and diversified previous descriptive research into linguistic translation universals. Acc

15、ording to Baker (2009: 307), these universals are “most notably simplification (BlumKulka and Levenston 1983; Toury 1995; Vanderauwera 1985), explicitation (BlumKulka 1986; Klaudy 1996b; Shlesinger 1989a, 1995; Toury 199