2019電大《漢語言文學(xué)古代詩歌散文專題》平時作業(yè)全答案參考

1、第1頁共6頁電大《古代詩歌散文專題》作業(yè)電大《古代詩歌散文專題》作業(yè)2一、律詩是在篇章、句式、對偶、音律上都有嚴(yán)密限定的一種詩體，七律是律詩的一種，杜甫是詩史上第一個大力寫作七律的詩人，《詠懷古跡》五首、《秋興八首》、《登高》等都是杜甫的七律代表作。《詠懷古跡》其五諸葛大名垂宇宙，宗臣遺像肅清高。三分割據(jù)紆籌策，萬古云霄一羽毛。伯仲之間見伊呂，指揮若定失蕭曹。福移漢祚難恢復(fù)，志決身殲軍務(wù)勞。（一）平仄是律詩最重要的格律因素，請學(xué)習(xí)律詩的

2、平仄規(guī)定，完成下列任務(wù)。1、請標(biāo)出《詠懷古跡》其五的平仄。諸葛大名垂宇宙，宗臣遺像肅清高。仄仄平平平仄仄，平平仄仄仄平平。三分割據(jù)紆籌策，萬古云霄一羽毛。平平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。伯仲之間見伊呂，指揮若定失蕭曹。仄仄平平平仄仄，平平仄仄仄平平。福移漢祚難恢復(fù)，志決身殲軍務(wù)勞。平平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。2、粘對是律詩平仄規(guī)則的一部分，請以《詠懷古跡》其五為例，說明何謂“粘”、何謂“對”。答：所謂“粘”，指上聯(lián)的對句與下聯(lián)的出句

3、平仄必須是同一類句式，如果上聯(lián)對句是仄起平收，則下聯(lián)出句影視仄起仄收；如果上聯(lián)對句是平起平收，則下聯(lián)出句應(yīng)是平起仄收。即后聯(lián)出句第二字的平仄須與前聯(lián)對句第二字的平仄一致。所謂“對”，是指每聯(lián)出句與對句必須是相對的句式，出句為仄起仄收，則對句應(yīng)為平起平收；出句為平起仄收，則對句應(yīng)為仄起平收。即一聯(lián)之內(nèi)平仄相對。若不符合以上規(guī)則，就被稱為“失粘”、“失對”，是律詩寫作的大忌。3、“拗救”是律詩中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)的一種聲律現(xiàn)象，請以《詠懷古跡》其五

4、為例，說明什么是拗救？答：所謂“拗救”，指一句詩在該用平聲字的地方用仄聲字，須在本句或?qū)涞倪m當(dāng)位置將仄聲字改為平聲字予以補(bǔ)救。（二）除了嚴(yán)格的平仄要求外，律詩在押韻和對仗上也有比較嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，請以《詠懷古跡》其五為例，說明律詩押韻和對仗的規(guī)則。1、押韻規(guī)則：答：二、四、六、八句須押韻，首句可押可不押，一般只押平聲韻。除首句押韻外，韻字在對句句尾，且須一韻到底，不許鄰韻通押。2、對仗規(guī)則：答：頷聯(lián)、頸聯(lián)須講究對仗，首聯(lián)、尾聯(lián)可對可不對，

5、對仗也有一定的講究，但不像平仄那么嚴(yán)格。二、認(rèn)真研讀教材第三章第三節(jié)所講李白《將進(jìn)酒》，完成下列任務(wù)。從句式、平仄、押韻、對仗等方面與杜甫《詠懷古跡》其五對比，進(jìn)一步加深對七律格律要求的理解。1、從原詩中節(jié)選八句抄錄于下，并標(biāo)出其平仄。鐘鼓饌玉不足貴，但愿長醉不復(fù)醒。仄仄平平仄仄仄平平仄仄平平平古來圣賢皆寂寞，惟有飲者留其名。平平仄仄平仄仄仄仄平平仄平平陳王昔時宴平樂，斗酒十千恣歡謔。仄仄平平仄仄仄平平仄仄平平平第3頁共6頁惜內(nèi)顧之纏綿

6、，恨未命之微祥。紆廣念于履組，塵清慮于余香。③四字句與六字句混用組成的對聯(lián)雖非圖畫，入甘泉而不分；言異神位，戲陽臺而無別。4、講究用典。①魯迅說：“曹丕的一個時代可以說是文學(xué)的自覺時代，或如近代所說，是為藝術(shù)而藝術(shù)的一派?！保ā段簳x風(fēng)度及文章與藥及酒之關(guān)系》）駢儷之風(fēng)的興盛，正是這種“文學(xué)的自覺”的重要組成部分。②清人許梿說：“駢語至徐庚，五色相宜，人音迭奏，可謂六朝之渤澥，唐代之津梁?！保ā读慕e》評《玉臺新詠序》語）請您刪除一下內(nèi)

7、容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。。　綜hinas10mustseeanimations】TheChineseanimationindustryhasseenconsiderablegrowthinthelastseveralyears.Itwentthroughagoldenageinthelate1970s1980swhensuccessivelybrilliantanimationwkwasproduced.Hereare10mustse

8、eclassicsfromChinasanimationoutpouringthatarenottobemissed.Letsrecallthesecolfulimagesthatbroughtthecountrygreatjoy.CalabashBrothersCalabashBrothers(Chinese:葫蘆娃)isaChineseanimationTVseriesproducedbyShanghaiAnimationFilmS

9、tudio.Inthe1980stheserieswasoneofthemostpopularanimationsinChina.ItwasreleasedatapointwhentheChineseanimationindustrywasinarelativelydownedstatecomparedtotherestoftheinternationalcommunity.Stilltheserieswastranslatedinto

10、7differentlanguages.Theepisodeswereproducedwithavastamountofpapercutanimations.BlackCatDetectiveBlackCatDetective(Chinese:黑貓警長)isaChineseanimationtelevisionseriesproducedbytheShanghaiAnimationFilmStudio.Itissometimesknow

11、nasMr.Black.Theserieswasiginallyairedfrom1984to1987.InJune2006arebroadcastingoftheiginalserieswasannounced.Criticsbemoantheseriesviolencelackofsuitabilityfchildrenseducation.Proponentsoftheshowclaimthatitismerelyfenterta

12、inment.Effendi“Effendi“meaningsirteacherinTurkishistherespectfulnamefpeoplewhoownwisdomknowledge.TheherosrealnamewasNasreddin.Hewaswisewittymeimptantlyhehadthecouragetoresisttheexploitationofnoblemen.Hewasalsofullofcompa

13、ssiontriedhisbesttohelppopeople.AdventureofShukeBeita【舒克與貝塔】【舒克與貝塔】AdventureofShukeBeita(Chinese:舒克和貝塔)isaclassicanimationbyZhengYuanjiewhoisknownasKingofFairyTalesinChina.ShukeBeitaaretwomicewhodontwanttostealfoodlikeot

14、hermice.ShukebecameapilotBeitabecameatankdriverthepairmetaccidentallybecamegoodfriends.ThentheybefriendedaboynamedPipilu.WiththehelpofPiPilutheycofoundedanairlinenamedShukeBeitaAirlinestohelpotheranimals.Althoughthereare

15、only13episodesinthisseriesthecontentisverycompactattractive.Theanimationshowsthepreciousnessoffriendshiphowpeopleshouldbebravewhenfacingdifficulties.Evenadultsrecallingthisanimationtodaycanstillfeeltouchedbysomescenes.Se

16、cretsoftheHeavenlyBookSecretsoftheHeavenlyBook(Chinese:天書奇談)alsoreferredtoas“LegendoftheSealedBook““TalesabouttheHeavenlyBook“wasreleasedin1983.Thefilmwasproducedwithrigousdubbingfluidcombinationofmusicvividanimations.Th

17、estyisbasedontheclassicliterature“PingYaoZhuan“meaning“TheSuppressionoftheDemons“byFengMenglong.Yuangongthedeaconopenedtheshrineexposedtheholybooktothehumanwld.Hecarvedthebookscontentsonthestonewallofawhitecloudcaveinthe

18、mountains.Hewasthenpunishedwithguardingthebookflifebythejadeemperfbreakingheavenslaw.Indertopassthisholybooktohumanbeingshewouldhavetogetbytheantagonistfox.ThewholeanimationisacterizedbymingChinesepaintingincludingpavili

19、onsancientarchitectureripplingstreamscrowdedmarketswhichfullydemonstratetheuniquebeautyofChinasnaturalscenery.PleasantGoatBigBigWolf【喜洋洋與灰太狼】【喜洋洋與灰太狼】PleasantGoatBigBigWolf(Chinese:喜羊羊與灰太狼)isaChineseanimatedtelevisionser

20、ies.TheshowisaboutagroupofgoatslivingontheGreenPasturethestyrevolvesaroundaclumsywolfwhowantstoeatthem.Itisapopulardomesticanimationserieshasbeenadaptedintomovies.NezhaConquerstheDragonKing（Chinese:哪吒鬧海）isanoutstinganima

21、tionissuedbytheMinistryofCulturein1979isbasedonanepisodefromtheChinesemythologicalnovel“FengshenYanyi“.Amothergavebirthtoaballoffleshshapedlikealotusbud.ThefatherLiJingchoppedopentheballbeautifulboyNezhasprungout.Onedayw

22、henNezhawassevenyearsoldhewenttothenearbyseashefaswimkilledthethirdsonoftheDragonKingwhowaspersecutinglocalresidents.ThestyprimarilyrevolvesaroundtheDragonKingsfeudwithNezhaoverhissonsdeath.ThroughbraverywitNezhafinallyb

23、rokeintotheunderwaterpalacesuccessfullydefeatedhim.ThefilmshowsvariouskindsofattractivesceneriesthetraditionalcultureofChinasuchasspectacularmountainselegantseawavesexquisiteancientChineseclothes.Ithasreceivedavarietyofa

24、wards.HavocinHeavenThestyofHavocinHeaven（Chinese:大鬧天宮）isbasedontheearliestchaptersoftheclassicstyJourneytotheWest.ThemainacterisSunWukongakatheMonkeyKingwhorebelsagainsttheJadeEmperofheaven.Thestylizedanimationdrumspercu

25、ssionaccompanimentusedinthisfilmareheavilyinfluencedbyBeijingOperatraditions.ThenameofthemoviebecameacolloquialismintheChineselanguagetodescribesomeonemakingamess.Regardlessthatitwasananimatedfilmitstillbecameoneofthemos

26、tinfluentialfilmsinallofAsia.CountlesscartoonadaptationsthatfollowedhavereusedthesameclassicstyJourneytotheWestyetmanyconsiderthis1964iterationtobethemostiginalfittingmemableTheGoldenMonkeyDefeatsaDemon【金猴降妖】【金猴降妖】TheGol

27、denMonkeyDefeatsaDemon(Chinese:金猴降妖)alsoreferredas“TheMonkeyKingConquerstheDemon“isadaptedfromchaptersoftheChineseclassics“JourneytotheWest““Monkey“intheWesternwld.ThefiveepisodeanimationseriestellsthestyofMonkeyKingSunW

28、ukongwhofollowedMonkXuanZangstriptotheWesttotaketheBuddhisticsutra.Theymetawhiteboneeviltheeviltransfmedhumanappearancesthreetimestoseducethemonk.TwiceMonkeyKingrecognizeditbroughtitdown.Themonkwasunabletorecognizethemon

29、sterexpelledSunWukong.XuanZangwasthencapturedbythemonster.FtunatelyBajieanotherapprenticeofXuanZangescapedpersuadedtheMonkeyKingtocomerescuethemonk.FinallySunkillstheevilsavesXuanZang.Theoutstinganimationhasreceivedavari

30、etyofawardsincludingthe6thHundredFlowersFestivalAwardtheChicagoInternationalChildrensFilmFestivalAwardin1989.McDull【麥兜】【麥兜】McDullisacartoonpigacterthatwascreatedinHongKongbyAliceMakBrianTse.AlthoughMcDullmadehisfirstappe

31、arancesasasupptingacterintheMcMugcomicsMcDullhassincebecomeacentralacterinhisownrightattractingahugefollowinginHongKong.ThefirstMcDullmovieMcMugStyMyLifeasMcDulldocumentedhislifetherelationshipbetweenhimhismother.TheMcMu