外文翻譯--非開挖水平定向鉆機操作性能分析 英文版

1、AnalysisofsteeringinhizontaldirectionaldrillinginstallationsusingdownholemotsA.C.DRoyalaT.J.RiggallbD.N.ChapmanaaSchoolofCivilEngineeringUniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUKbRiggallshapedjetcuttingbitsbitsmo

2、untedonbentsubsdrivenbymudmotsthefmerbeingutilisedinweakgroundconditionsthelatterinstrongerfmations.ThispaperanalysesadatasetofsurveydatafrompilotbesffiftyfourHDDinstallationsthatusedmudmotstoinvestigatetheparametersthat

3、impactuponthecontrolofthepositionofthedrillingbit.Thedrivesarebrokendownintosectionsofrotaryslidedrilledbepaththeseareinvestigatedseparately.Drillingpracticedrillingequipmentlengthofdrivethegeologyinwhichthebeisbeingesta

4、blishedwillhaveaneffectupontheabilitytocontrolthepositionofthedrillingbit.?2010ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionHizontaldirectionaldrilling(HDD)isaversatiletechniqueadaptedfromoilfieldtechnologythatisincreasin

5、glybeingusedtoinstallcablespipesunderriversinfrastructure.HDDtraditionallyusestwocuttingtoolsshapedblades(thatjetcutwithdrillingmud)fsoftsoilsdownholedrillbitspoweredbymudmotsfstrongerfmations.Thispaperfocusesuponthecont

6、rolofsteeringHDDpilotbescreatedusingdownholemudmots.FiftyfourHDDinstallationscomprising86drivesover42kmwereinvestigatedusingsiteinvestigationsurveydataHDDoperats’steeringrecds(developedpritoinstallationtoensurethatthedes

7、iredbepathisachieved)recdeddrillingdatatoanalysetheperfmanceofHDDinvariousgroundconditions.Theinstallationsinvestigatedusedtriconeroller(TCR)bitswithoutstabilisingelementswithinthedownholeassembly.Thoseinstallationsusing

8、polycrystallinediamondcompact(PDC)bitsstabiliserswereidentifiedasbeingundertakenin‘problematic’groundconditionswerenotinvestigated.Thedatafeachdrivewasganisedintosectionsdescribingeachlengthofrotarydrillingslidedrillingu

9、sedtoestablishthebepath.TheratioofactualsteeringperfmanceagainstpredictedperfmancewasidentifiedfeachofthesectionstodeterminethefactsthatimpactuponsteeringcontrolinHDDinstallations(followingtheapproachbyLessoetal.1999Stud

10、eretal.2007).ThestudyidentifiedanumberoffactsthatimpactupontheabilitytocontrolsteeringinHDDincludingthelengthofslidedrilledsectionsthedistancefromthedrillingrigtothedownholeassemblythedrillbittypebendangleofthebentsubthe

11、geologyinwhichtheinstallationtakesplace.PritothepresentationoftheresultsfromtheinvestigationofthesefactsabriefsummaryontheuseofdownholeassembliesinHDDinstallationstheneedtocontrolsteeringinHDDisgiven.2.Controlofsteeringi

12、nHDDinstallationsusingdownholemotsPositivedisplacementdownholemotsareincpatedintodrillstringswithbentsubstopowerrotarydrillbitsthatare08867798$seefrontmatter?2010ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016j.tust.2010.06.00

13、4Abbreviations:BURbuilduprate(?m)DBRdrillingbuildrate(?m)DTRdrillingturnrate(?m)HDDhizontaldirectionaldrilling(dimensionless)MTmilltooth(TCRbit)(dimensionless)PDCpolycrystallinediamondcompact(dimensionless)ROPrateofperat

14、ion(mmin)SBEslidingbuildeffectiveness(dimensionless)STEslidingturneffectiveness(dimensionless)SBRslidingbuildrate(?m)STRslidingturnrate(?m)TCRtriconeroller(dimensionless)TCItungstencarbide(TCRbit)(dimensionless)WOBweight

15、onbit(kN).Crespondingauth.Tel.:44(0)1214145141fax:44(0)1214143675.Emailaddress:(A.C.DRoyal).TunnellingUndergroundSpaceTechnology25(2010)754–765ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectTunnellingUndergroundSpaceTechnologyjour

16、nalhomepage:locatetustchangeinsurveystrategyisneededi.e.toincreasesurveyfrequencymovetowardscontinuoussurveyingtoimprovethecontrolofbitpositioning.TheauthsofthispaperbelievethatwhilstthesurveyingdistanceinHDDislessthanin

17、theoilfieldindustry(10mintervalsinsteadofevery30m)continuoussurveyingtiedintostaticsurveysevery10m(attheinstallationofanewdrillrodintothedrillstring)wouldbeequallyapplicabletoHDDinstallationswouldprovideincreasedcertaint

18、yinthepositionalcontrolofthedownholeassembly.6.FactsidentifiedinoilfielddrillingthatimpactuponthecontrolofsteeringPreviousresearchundertakeninpositionalcontrolofdownholeassembliestendstorefertooilfieldapplicationsfocusup

19、ontheuseofPDCbitswhichisnotfelttobedirectlyrelevanttotheHDDindustry.HoweveranumberoffactshavebeenidentifiedthatmayberelevanttoHDDinstallationsincludethecompressivestrengthoftherock(Lessoetal.1999Hareletal.2000)changesinr

20、ockstrength(bothlaminationsinterbeddingwithinthestrataBouallegetal.2006)thedipofthefmation(StockhausenLesso2003b)thetypeofdownholeassemblyused(Lessoetal.1999Studeretal.2007)theROP(Ernstetal.2007Lessoetal.1999)theWOB(Less

21、oetal.1999Studeretal.2007)bitwalk(LiuShi2002)toolfaceangle(Lessoetal.1999Studeretal.2007)stabilisers(thatamplifythesizeofdoglegscreatedbymigrationawayfromlinelevel).Lessoetal.(1999)Studeretal.(2007)bothdevelopedapproache

22、stoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweentheapparatusused(withintheoilfieldindustry)steeringresponse.Lessoetal.(1999)investigated4600drivesbyaveragingthesteeringperfmancefthedrivethenundertakingaclusteranalysis.Finiteelementm

23、odelswerecreatedtopredictthebehaviourof‘typical’downholeassemblies(basedontheresultsoftheclusteranalysis)themodelswereusedtoundertakeaparametricstudytoidentifyimptantparametersonsteeringresponse(asdescribedabove).Studere

24、tal.(2007)developedaprogramthatcanbeusedinpostanalysistoinvestigatedrillingperfmance.Themodelbreaksadriveintosegmentscomparespredictedperfmance(derivedfromusersuppliedvariables)withactualperfmance.Inlightofthepreviousres

25、earchundertakenonsteeringcontrolinoilfielddrillingtheanalysisofcontrolofsteeringinHDDinstallationsreptedinthispaperbroadlyfollowtheapproachundertakenbyLessoetal.(1999)Studeretal.(2007).Thedatasetswerebrokendownintosectio

26、nsthesurveyedvalueswerecomparedtotheeticalvalues.ThemodifieddatasetswerethenusedinaparametricstudytoassesstherelativeimptanceofvariousfactsonthecontrolthepositionofHDDdownholeassemblies.Theparametricstudyincludedthelengt

27、hofslidedrilledsectionsthedistancefromthedrillingrigtothedownholeassemblythedrillbittypethestatedperfmanceofthedownholeassemblythebendangleofthebentsub.Themethodologyusedtocreatethemodelleddatatheoutcomesoftheparametrics

28、tudyarereptedinthefollowingsectionsofthepaper.7.AnalysisofsteeringHDDpilotbesThedatausedinthisstudycomprisedthreefmatsdrillinginfmation(locationdrillingconditionsdrillingmudpressuresflowratesdownholeassemblyusedbittosens

29、lengthetc.)steeringinfmation(fmaliseddeionofoperat’sproceduresthroughouttheinstallation)thesurveyeddata.Thedataspansa10yearperioddescribesHDDinstallationsbeingundertakenin13countriesby20companies.Itisunderstoodthatin10ye

30、arschangesintechnologypracticecouldhaveaneffectupontheanalysis.HoweverthedatawasincludedasasignificantdatasetwasrequiredtoinvestigatewhichparametershaveaneffectonthecontrolofsteeringitwasfeltthatHDDsteeringtechnologyhadn

31、otchangedsignificantlywithinthisperiod.8.PreparationofthedatasetfuseinthestudyThemajityofbitsusedinthisstudywereTCRwithoutstabilisers.TherefedatasetsbasedonPDCdragbitstabiliseddownholeassemblieswereremovedfromthedatasetu

32、sedinthestudy.Datawasalsoremovediftheinfmationprovidedwasinsufficientftheneedsoftheproject.Occasionallythedrillingrecdswouldstatethatconditionsencounteredwere‘difficult’‘problematic’althoughfurtherinfmationprovidinginsig

33、htastowhythismaybethecasewerenotsupplied.Intheseinstancesthedrillingrecdswerealsorejectedfromthedatasetbecauseitwasnotpossibletoquantifywhythegroundwas‘problematic’nhow‘difficult’groundimpacteduponsteeringcontrolitwasfel

34、tthatitwouldbeinappropriatetoincludesuchdatawithintheanalysis.Itisunderstoodthat‘difficult’groundconditionswouldbeofinteresttoanyinvestigationthatconsideredthecontrolofHDDsteeringassuchcasescouldresultinextremedeviations

35、fromdesiredbepath.‘Difficult’groundisatermoftenusedtodescribewhencavitiesfracturesfaultsboulderscobbleswereencountered.Deviationscausedbythesestructuresaredifficulttoestimatewithoutpriknowledgeoftheirientationrelativetot

36、hedrillalignment.Predictionofdeviationsindifficultgroundisbelievedtobeimpracticalwithoutdetailedmappingofthegeologicalstructuresinwhichthebepathisbeingdrilled.Apotentialmethodtocompilesuchinfmationwouldbetopullgeophysica

37、lloggingequipmentthroughthecompletedbepathsomethingtheauthsareunawareofbeingundertakeninHDDcertainlyhadnotbeenundertakenintheinstallationsinvestigatedherein.Intotalapproximately16installationswereremovedasnotbeingsuitabl

38、efthisstudy(72installationswith130driveswereinitiallyinvestigated).TheHDDprojectlocationnumberofdrivesundertakenduringtheinstallationapproximatemaximumdrivelengthwithintheinstallationcanbefoundinTable1.Fthepurposesofanal

39、ysistheinstallationdatawastabulateddividedintosectionsdescribingchangesinthedrillingsliding(infmedbythedriller’slogs)duringinstallation.Thesurveydata(azimuthinclinationdata)combinestofmthe3Dbepathcreatedduringtheinstalla

40、tionalthoughfthepurposesofthisstudythedatawasanalysedintwoplanes(hizontalverticaltermedturnbuildrespectivelyFig.2).Thesignconventionfbuildturnisdefinedhereinas:buildispositivewhenmovingtowardsthehighsidenegativetowardsth

41、elowsideturnispositiveturningtotherightsidenegativetowardstheleftside.Therateofcurvature(?m)wascalculatedinbothplanes(Table2)feachsectionofdrilling(drillingturnratedrillingbuildrateDTRDBRrespectively)sliding(slidingturnr

42、ateslidingbuildrateSTRSBRrespectively).ThemeasureddistanceinTable2referstothedistancetravelledduringeachphaseofdrillingsliding(calculatedfromthechangeindistancefromdrillingrigtobit).Theabilitytoachievethedesiredcurvature

43、duringthedrivewasassessedbydividingthecurveratesachievedineachsection(STRSBR)bythepredictedcurverateofthedownholeassemblyintheturnbuildplanes.Thepredictedbuildturnratesinitiallyusedthemanufacturer’srateofcurvaturequotedi