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1、OpenControllerArchitecturePastPresentFutureGunterPritschow(Codinat)YusufAltintasFrancescoJovaneYamKenMamuMitsuishiShozoTakataHendrikvanBrusselManfredWeckKazuoYamazakiAbstractOpenControlSystemsarethekeyenablerftherealizat

2、ionofmodularreconfigurablemanufacturingsystems.Thelargenumberofspecialpurposemachinesthehighlevelofautomationhaveledtoanincreasingimptanceofopencontrolsystemsbasedonvendneutralstards.Thispapergivesanoverviewonthepastpres

3、entfutureofOpenControllerArchitecture.AfterreflectingonthedifferentcriteriacategiesacteristicsofopencontrollersingeneraltheCNCproductsinthemarketareevaluatedanoverviewonthewldwideresearchactivitiesinEuropeNthAmericaJapan

4、isgiven.Subsequentlytheefftstoharmonizethedifferentresultsaredescribedindertoestablishacommonwldwidestardinthefuture.Duetothe“mixmatch’’natureofopencontrollersconcentratedattentionmustbepaidtotestingmechanismsinthefmofco

5、nfmanceinteroperabilitytests.Keywds:OpenarchitecturecontrolCNCMachinetool1INTRODUCTIONOpenArchitectureControl(OAC)isawellknownterminthefieldofmachinecontrol.Sincetheearlyniiesseveralinitiativeswldwidehavewkedonconceptsfe

6、nablingcontrolvendsmachinetoolbuildersenduserstobenefitmefromflexibleagileproductionfacilities.Themainaimwastheeasyimplementationintegrationofcustomerspecificcontrolsbymeansofopeninterfacesconfigurationmethodsinavendneut

7、ralstardizedenvironment[13][19].Theavailabilitybroadacceptanceofsuchsystemsresultinreducedcostsincreasedflexibility.Softwarecanbereuseduserspecificalgithmsapplicationscanbeintegrated.Userscandesigntheircontrolsaccdingtoa

8、givenconfiguration.Thistrendwasfcedbothbytheincreasingnumberofspecialpurposemachineswithahighlevelofautomationtheincreasingdevelopmentcostsfsoftware(Figure1).3)[7].CNCdesignersacademicsbenefitfromahighdegreeofopennesscov

9、eringalsotheinternalinterfacesoftheCNC.FCNCuserstheexternalopennessismuchmeimptant.Itprovidesthemethodsutilitiesfintegratinguserspecificapplicationsintoexistingcontrolsfadaptingtouserspecificrequirementse.g.adaptableuser

10、interfacescollectionofmachineproductiondata.TheexternalopennessismainlybasedontheinternalopennessbuthasfunctionalperfmanceIimitations.2STATEOFTHEART2.1ControlSystemstheirinterfacesControlsarehighlysophisticatedsystemsdue

11、toverystrictrequirementsregardingrealtimereliability.Fcontrollingthecomplexityofthesesystemshardwaresoftwareinterfacesareanessentialmeans.Theinterfacesofcontrolsystemscanbedividedintotwogroupsexternalinternalinterfaces(F

12、igure4).ExternalInterfacesTheseinterfacesconnectthecontrolsystemtosuperiunitstosubdinateunitstotheuser.Theycanbedividedintoprogramminginterfacescommunicationinterfaces.NCPLCprogramminginterfacesareharmonizedbynationalint

13、ernationalstardssuchasRS274DIN66025IEC611313.Communicationinterfacesarealsostronglyinfluencedbystards.FieldbussystemslikeSERCOSProfibusDeviceareusedastheinterfacetodrives110s.LAN(LocalAreawk)wksmainlybasedonEtherTCPlPdor

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