iphone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之處理常見(jiàn)任務(wù)(2)

1、iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之處理常見(jiàn)任務(wù)（2）,啟用推送通知通知的類型標(biāo)記類型聲音類型提醒類型使你的程序具有無(wú)障礙性重要提示提供搜索功能并顯示搜索結(jié)果利用用戶的位置,When you register your application with Apple Push Notification Service, you can arrange to alert users when new data arrives, even

2、if your application isn’t running. When a device receives a message for an application that isn’t running, it can notify the user by: 當(dāng)你為你的應(yīng)用程序注冊(cè)蘋(píng)果推送通知服務(wù)時(shí)后，當(dāng)接收到新的數(shù)據(jù)后，即可安排提醒予以用戶（提醒新數(shù)據(jù)），即使你的應(yīng)用程序沒(méi)有運(yùn)行。當(dāng)設(shè)備接收到某個(gè)未運(yùn)行應(yīng)用程序的信息時(shí)，它可

3、以這樣通知用戶：,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之啟用推送通知,Updating a badge on the application’s Home screen icon在應(yīng)用程序的主屏幕圖標(biāo)上顯示徽章 Playing an alert sound播放提醒聲 Displaying an alert message顯示一個(gè)提醒信息 or some combination of these. The user might respond

4、 by starting the application to manage the new data or merely acknowledging its arrival. (To learn how to handle push notifications in code, see Apple Push Notification Service Programming Guide.) 或者任意組合上述的通知方式。用戶對(duì)通知的反應(yīng)

5、可能有，啟動(dòng)此應(yīng)用程序去管理一下新數(shù)據(jù)，或者只是了解通知的到達(dá)（而不采取任何操作）。（要了解如何用代碼處理推送通知，參見(jiàn)蘋(píng)果推送通知服務(wù)編程指南。）,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,Note: Delivery of push notifications is not guaranteed. Also, users can refuse to receive notifications system-wide. Push notific

6、ations are intended to notify users of new data, not to deliver critical data to your application. 注意：推送通知的發(fā)送不是有保證的。同時(shí)，用戶可以全系統(tǒng)地拒絕接收通知。推送通知的目的是通知用戶有新數(shù)據(jù)，并不會(huì)向你的應(yīng)用程序?qū)懭胫匾獢?shù)據(jù)。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,The Notifications section in the built-

7、in Settings application hosts push notification settings for every application that registers for the Apple Push Notification Service. For each application, iPhone OS provides settings for users to allow or disallow badg

8、ing, sounds, and alert messages. 內(nèi)置的設(shè)置應(yīng)用程序中的通知設(shè)置部分主導(dǎo)著推送通知的設(shè)置，它對(duì)每個(gè)注冊(cè)了蘋(píng)果推送通知服務(wù)的應(yīng)用程序都提供了設(shè)置。對(duì)于每個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，iPhone操作系統(tǒng)都提供給用戶允許或不允許，標(biāo)記，聲音，提醒的三種方式的通知。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,Take some time to think about the types of events for which users woul

9、d appreciate notification. A notification should give users useful, actionable information they want to receive, even when they’re not using your application. 請(qǐng)花一些時(shí)間想想什么類型事件的通知是用戶希望的。通知應(yīng)給予用戶那些有用的，可付諸操作的信息，即使他們沒(méi)有使用你的應(yīng)用程序

10、。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,After you’ve identified the events your users are likely to care about, you should also allow users to decide which events should generate what type of notification, if any. If you don’t allow users to custo

11、mize the push notification experience in your application, you’re liable to pester users with notifications they’re not interested in. 當(dāng)你已經(jīng)確定應(yīng)用程序的哪些事件用戶可能會(huì)關(guān)心之后，如果有的話,你也應(yīng)該允許你的用戶決定哪些事件使用什么類型的通知。如果你不允許用戶自定義應(yīng)用程序中的推送通知的體驗(yàn)，你就

12、容易讓用戶陷入與他們不感興趣的通知的糾纏之中。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,Users can choose which types of notifications they want to receive, so you should support all three types: 用戶可以選擇他們想要接受哪些類型的通知，所以你應(yīng)該支持所有三種類型：,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之通知的類型,Badge. Badging is the lea

13、st intrusive way to tell users that there is new content they might be interested in. The badge is a small red oval that appears over the upper-right corner of your Home screen icon. You do not have any control over the

14、appearance of the badge and it contains only numbers, not letters or punctuation. 標(biāo)記。標(biāo)記是打擾程度最小的方式告知用戶有新的他們感興趣的內(nèi)容。標(biāo)記出現(xiàn)是在主界面應(yīng)用圖標(biāo)右上角的一個(gè)紅色小橢圓。你不能對(duì)標(biāo)記的出現(xiàn)做任何控制，它只包含數(shù)字，沒(méi)有字母和標(biāo)點(diǎn)。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之標(biāo)記類型,Badging works well when you want t

15、o tell users how many items are waiting for their attention. For example, the number in a badge might indicate unread messages, newly assigned tasks, or how many remote players are currently playing a game. 當(dāng)你想要告訴用戶有多少通

16、知項(xiàng)在等待他們的注意時(shí)，標(biāo)記很有效。例如，在一個(gè)標(biāo)記里數(shù)目可能會(huì)顯示未讀消息，新分配的任務(wù)，或者是當(dāng)前遠(yuǎn)程參與者。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,Sound. You can supply a custom alert sound, or you can use a built-in alert sound. If you create a custom sound, be sure it is short, distinctive, and

17、professionally produced. (To learn about the technical requirements for this sound, see “Preparing Custom Alert Sounds” in Apple Push Notification Service Programming Guide.) Note that you cannot force the device to vibr

18、ate when a notification is delivered; the user has control over whether alerts are accompanied by vibration. 聲音。你可以提供一個(gè)自定義提醒聲音，也可以使用內(nèi)置的提醒聲。如果你創(chuàng)建一個(gè)自定義的聲音，請(qǐng)確保它是短暫的，獨(dú)特的，專業(yè)化制作的。 （要了解有關(guān)這個(gè)聲音的技術(shù)要求，在蘋(píng)果推通知服務(wù)編程指南中參見(jiàn)“準(zhǔn)備自定義提醒聲音”。）請(qǐng)

19、注意你不能強(qiáng)迫設(shè)備發(fā)出通知時(shí)振動(dòng)；應(yīng)該由用戶控制是否警告伴隨振動(dòng)。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之聲音類型,An easily recognized sound is ideal for situations in which the notification arrival itself provides enough information for users to act. For example, a collaborative tas

20、k management system might use a unique sound to accompany the completion of a member’s assignment. Merely hearing this sound tells the user that the assignment has been completed. 在通知到達(dá)的時(shí)候，提供一個(gè)容易識(shí)別的聲音是十分理想的選擇，因?yàn)樗峁┳銐虻男畔?/p>

21、給予用戶反應(yīng)。例如，一個(gè)用于多人協(xié)作完成任務(wù)的管理系統(tǒng)，可以使用一個(gè)獨(dú)特的聲音，伴隨成員任務(wù)的完成。僅僅聽(tīng)到這個(gè)聲音，用戶就會(huì)知道已經(jīng)完成了任務(wù)。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,Alert. An alert is the most intrusive way to notify users of new content. An alert displays your application name at the top, your mess

22、age below that, and one or two buttons at the bottom. If you specify two buttons, the alert displays the Close button on the left and the View button on the right (users can tap the View button to simultaneously dismiss

23、the alert and launch your application). If you specify one button, the alert displays an OK button. The Close button and the OK button both dismiss the alert without opening your application. 提醒。提醒是打擾程度最大的通知用戶有新內(nèi)容的方式。在提

24、醒的上方顯示你應(yīng)用程序的名稱，下方顯示的是信息，底部有一至兩個(gè)按鈕。如果你指定兩個(gè)按鈕，應(yīng)在左側(cè)顯示關(guān)閉按鈕，右側(cè)顯示查看按鈕（用戶可以通過(guò)點(diǎn)擊查看按鈕，關(guān)閉該提醒同時(shí)并啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序）。如果你指定一個(gè)按鈕，提醒只顯示一個(gè)確定按鈕。關(guān)閉按鈕和確定按鈕的作用都是關(guān)閉提醒，并且不打開(kāi)應(yīng)用程序。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之提醒類型,Alerts interrupt the user’s workflow, so they’re best used

25、sparingly to deliver a short, important message about an event. In particular, be sure to avoid including any advertising content in your alert message. 提醒會(huì)干擾用戶的工作流程，因此最好少用他們，除非是用來(lái)為你提供有關(guān)事件簡(jiǎn)短的，重要的信息。尤其是，一定要避免提醒消息中的包含任何廣告

26、內(nèi)容。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,An application is accessible when users with disabilities can use it successfully, perhaps with the help of an assistive application or device. iPhone OS–based devices include many features that make it ea

27、sier for all users, including disabled users, to use the device, such as visual voicemail, zoom, and voice control. You do not have to take any steps in your application to ensure that your users can benefit from these f

28、eatures. 無(wú)障礙性指的是應(yīng)用程序應(yīng)該讓殘疾用戶也能成功的使用，或者是在輔助應(yīng)用程序或設(shè)備的幫助下成功的使用?；?iPhone 操作系統(tǒng)的設(shè)備包含許多方便用戶（包括殘疾用戶）的特性，，例如可視化語(yǔ)音郵件，放大，以及語(yǔ)音控制。并且，你無(wú)需在你的應(yīng)用程序中介入任何東西，即可確保用戶從這些特性中受益。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之使你的程序具有無(wú)障礙性,With VoiceOver, the story is a little diffe

29、rent. VoiceOver is Apple’s innovative screen-reading technology, which gives users control over their devices without requiring them to see the screen. To make sure VoiceOver users can use your application to its fullest

30、, you might need to provide some custom information about the views and controls in the user interface. 說(shuō)道VoiceOver，這個(gè)故事略有不同。VoiceOver是蘋(píng)果的創(chuàng)新屏幕閱讀技術(shù)，利用這種技術(shù)，用戶無(wú)需看到屏幕，就可以控制自己的設(shè)備。為了確保VoiceOver用戶可以盡情地使用你的應(yīng)用程序，你可能需要提供一些關(guān)于用戶界面中

31、視圖和控件的自定義信息。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,Fortunately, UIKit controls and views are accessible by default, so when you use standard elements in a completely standard way, you have little (if any) additional work to do. The more custom you

32、r user interface is, the more custom information you need to provide, so that VoiceOver can properly describe your application to users with visual impairments. 幸運(yùn)的是，UIKit控件和視圖在默認(rèn)就具有無(wú)障礙性，所以當(dāng)你以一個(gè)完全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)元素時(shí)，你基本只有一點(diǎn)兒（如

33、果有的話）額外的工作要做。你的用戶界面自定義程度越高，需提供的自定義信息就越多，這樣VoiceOver才能向那些有視覺(jué)缺陷的用戶正確地描述你的應(yīng)用程序。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,Important: The job of making your application accessible consists of giving VoiceOver the information it needs to help people u

34、se your application. The job does not include changing the visual design of the user interface to accommodate VoiceOver. 重要提示：使你的應(yīng)用程序具有無(wú)障礙性的工作包括向VoiceOver提供所需的信息，以幫助人們使用它。這種工作不包括改變用戶界面的視覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)以適應(yīng)VoiceOver。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之重要提示,

35、Making your iPhone application accessible to VoiceOver users is the right thing to do. It can also increase your user base and it might help you address accessibility guidelines created by various governing bodies. 使Voi

36、ceOver的用戶能無(wú)障礙地訪問(wèn)你的iPhone應(yīng)用程序是一件正確的事情。它也可以增加你的用戶群，幫助您落實(shí)由各種監(jiān)管組織的輔助功能規(guī)范。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,UIKit provides the search bar control you can use to display a consistent interface to initiate searching, but you are responsible for impl

37、ementing search in your application. (To learn more about the search bar, see “Search Bars”; to learn more about handling search results in code, see UISearchDisplayController Class Reference.) To ensure that search is a

38、 useful and convenient experience users appreciate, take some time to consider how to implement the process and how to display the results. 在你開(kāi)始搜索時(shí)，UIKit提供了一致性界面的搜索欄控件，但在你的應(yīng)用程序中，實(shí)現(xiàn)搜索功能則是屬于你自己的責(zé)任。（要了解更多關(guān)于搜索欄的信息，請(qǐng)參閱“搜索欄”，

39、要了解更多關(guān)于如何在代碼中對(duì)待搜索結(jié)果的信息，請(qǐng)參閱 UISearchDisplayController Class 參考。）為了確保讓搜索對(duì)于用戶來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)有用且方便的體驗(yàn)，你應(yīng)花點(diǎn)時(shí)間考慮如何落實(shí)搜索進(jìn)程和如何顯示搜索結(jié)果。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之提供搜索功能并顯示搜索結(jié)果,In general, you should:一般來(lái)說(shuō)，你應(yīng)該： Build indexes of your data so you are always

40、prepared for search. 為你的數(shù)據(jù)建立索引，以便隨時(shí)查找。 Live-filter local data so you can display results as soon as users begin to type, and narrow the results as users continue typing. 對(duì)本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行即時(shí)及時(shí)篩選，一旦用戶開(kāi)始輸入，你就可以顯示結(jié)果，隨著用戶繼續(xù)輸入而逐步縮小范圍

41、。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,When possible, also filter remote data as users type, but be sure to get the user’s permission if the response time is likely to delay the results by more than a second or two. 如果可能，同時(shí)篩選用戶的遠(yuǎn)端數(shù)據(jù)，如果響應(yīng)時(shí)間被推遲多于一

42、兩秒鐘，就需要用戶的許可（是否篩選遠(yuǎn)端數(shù)據(jù)）。 Display a search bar above a list or the index in a list. 在列表上面顯示搜索欄或在列表里顯示索引。 Avoid using a tab for search unless it is a primary function in your application that should be featured as a dist

43、inct mode. 避免使用標(biāo)簽作為搜索，除非它是應(yīng)用程序中的主要功能必須用一個(gè)有區(qū)別的方式顯示。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,Although live-filtering data usually produces a superior user experience, it’s not always practical. When this is the case, you can begin the search process

44、after the user taps the Search button in the keyboard. If you do this, be sure to provide feedback on the search’s progress so users know that the process has not stalled. One way to do this is to display textual results

45、 as soon as possible and display placeholder content for data that might take longer to retrieve. 雖然及時(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)篩選通常會(huì)帶來(lái)出色的用戶體驗(yàn)，但這并不總是具有實(shí)用性。如果是這種情況下（非即時(shí)篩選數(shù)據(jù)），當(dāng)用戶敲擊了鍵盤(pán)上的搜索按鈕后，你才能開(kāi)始執(zhí)行搜索進(jìn)程了。如果你這樣做，一定要提供搜索進(jìn)程情況的反饋，以便用戶知道該進(jìn)程并沒(méi)有停滯不前。一

46、種方法是，盡快的先顯示文本搜索結(jié)果，而對(duì)于需要花點(diǎn)時(shí)間才能從數(shù)據(jù)中檢索完畢的內(nèi)容，先顯示一個(gè)占位符（后再慢慢顯示具體檢索內(nèi)容）。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,In YouTube, for example, users initiate a search for videos by tapping the Search button. If the network connection is slow, YouTube first displ

47、ays the Loading... message along with a spinning activity indicator so users know that search is proceeding. Then, YouTube displays a results list in which each row is populated with textual results, such as video title

48、and viewer rating, and a custom image of a box with a dotted outline. As users scan the list of video titles, the video thumbnails replace the dotted boxes as they are downloaded. Displaying partial search results while

49、additional data is still downloading gives users useful information promptly. 在YouTube，例如，用戶點(diǎn)擊搜索按鈕開(kāi)始視頻搜索。如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接速度慢，YouTube上首先顯示 正在載入... 的信息和一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)指示符，以便用戶知道搜索在進(jìn)行中。然后，YouTube以列表的形式的顯示出結(jié)果，以文本的形式填充每一行，例如視頻標(biāo)題和評(píng)分，以及一個(gè)點(diǎn)線描邊自定義圖像

50、框。當(dāng)用戶在瀏覽視頻標(biāo)題列表時(shí)，視頻的縮略圖也在同時(shí)下載，當(dāng)下載完完成后，他們會(huì)機(jī)會(huì)替換掉點(diǎn)線框。當(dāng)更多數(shù)據(jù)在被下載的時(shí)候，先顯示局部搜索結(jié)果，能夠盡快地給用戶提供有用的信息。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,If you handle data that sorts naturally into different categories, you can provide a scope bar. A scope bar contains up

51、to four scope buttons, each representing a category. For example, Mail provides a scope bar that allows users to focus their search on the From, To, or Subject fields of messages, or broaden the search to include all fie

52、lds. Consider providing a scope bar if it helps users focus their search or if it significantly reduces the number of results. (To learn how to implement a scope bar in your code, see UISearchBar Class Reference.) 如果你要處

53、理本來(lái)就屬于不同種類的數(shù)據(jù)，你可以提供一個(gè)范圍欄。一個(gè)范圍欄包含四個(gè)范圍選擇按鈕，分別代表一個(gè)類別。例如，郵件提供了一個(gè)范圍控件欄，讓使用者可將其搜索集中在，發(fā)件人，收件人或郵件的主題，或把搜索擴(kuò)大到全部。如果它能夠幫助用戶讓搜索更集中，或者是能顯著地減少搜索結(jié)果數(shù)，那么就應(yīng)該提供范圍欄。 （要了解如何在你的代碼里實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)范圍欄，參見(jiàn) UISearchBar Class 參考。）,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,Users appreciate

54、application features that allow them to automatically tag content with their physical location, or to find friends that are currently nearby. Users also appreciate being able to disable features like these when they don’

55、t want to share their location with others. Users can grant (or deny) system-wide access to their physical location with the Location Services setting in Settings > General. 用戶喜歡應(yīng)用程序提供的允許用戶使用物理位置來(lái)自動(dòng)標(biāo)記內(nèi)容，尋找當(dāng)前附近的朋友的特色功

56、能。當(dāng)用戶不想與他人分享位置信息時(shí)，他們也希望能有禁用的功能。用戶可以在“設(shè)置”應(yīng)用程序中的常規(guī)菜單中，全系統(tǒng)地設(shè)置允許或者拒絕通過(guò)位置服務(wù)獲取他們的物理位置。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程之利用用戶的位置,If users turn off Location Services, and later use an application feature that requires their location, they see an aler

57、t that tells them they must change their preference before they can use the feature. The alert does not allow them to make this change within the application; instead, they must go to Settings and change their preference

58、. This ensures that users are fully aware that they are granting system-wide permission to use their location information. 如果用戶關(guān)閉位置服務(wù)，隨后使用應(yīng)用程序某個(gè)需要提供位置的功能，他們將會(huì)看到一個(gè)提醒，告訴他們必須修改預(yù)設(shè)，才可以使用該功能。提醒不提供給用戶在當(dāng)前應(yīng)用程序修改預(yù)設(shè)的功能，反而，他們必須進(jìn)入“設(shè)

59、置”應(yīng)用程序，然后改變他們的預(yù)設(shè)。這可確保用戶充分認(rèn)識(shí)到，他們?cè)谌到y(tǒng)地允許系統(tǒng)使用他們的位置信息。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,To help users understand why they might need to turn Location Services on, it’s best if they see the alert only when they attempt to use a feature that clearl

60、y needs to know their current location. For example, people can use Maps when Location Services is off, but they see the alert when they access the feature that finds and tracks their current location. 為了幫助用戶了解為什么他們需要打開(kāi)

61、位置服務(wù)，最好的方式是，在他們打開(kāi)某個(gè)需要知道他們當(dāng)前位置的功能的時(shí)候，給他們一個(gè)提醒。例如，當(dāng)位置服務(wù)是關(guān)閉時(shí)，人們依然還是可以使用地圖服務(wù)的，但他們想獲取或者是跟蹤他們當(dāng)前的位置的時(shí)候，他們將會(huì)看到一個(gè)提醒。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,If Location Services is turned off, iPhone OS displays the alert the first time your application tries

62、 to access location information. The Core Location framework provides a way for you to get the user’s preference so that you can avoid triggering this alert unnecessarily or inappropriately. (See Core Location Framework

63、Reference to learn more about this programming interface.) 如果位置服務(wù)是關(guān)閉的，當(dāng)你的應(yīng)用程序第一次嘗試訪問(wèn)位置信息時(shí)，iPhone 操作系統(tǒng)將顯示提醒。核心位置（Core Location）框架提供了一種方法讓你可以獲得用戶對(duì)位置服務(wù)的預(yù)設(shè)，避免你不必要的或不適當(dāng)?shù)挠|發(fā)此提醒。（要了解更多此編程接口信息，參見(jiàn)Core Location Framework Reference

64、。）,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,With knowledge of the user’s preference, you can trigger the alert as closely as possible to the feature that requires location information, or perhaps avoid it altogether. 獲取了用戶對(duì)位置服務(wù)的預(yù)設(shè)以后，你就可以只為那些非常緊密地非常可

65、能需要用戶位置信息的功能，觸發(fā)提醒，或者說(shuō)，完全地避免這些提醒。 If your application cannot perform its primary function without this information, it’s best if users see the alert as soon as they start your application. Users will not be bothered by t

66、his, because they understand that the main function of your application depends on knowing their location. 如果你的應(yīng)用程序主功能沒(méi)法在沒(méi)有位置信息的環(huán)境下工作，最好就是讓用戶在啟動(dòng)它時(shí)就看到提醒。用戶不會(huì)因此而感覺(jué)不快，因?yàn)樗麄兠靼?，你的?yīng)用程序的主功能的執(zhí)行依賴于他們自己的位置信息。,iPhone開(kāi)發(fā)教程,If the use

67、r’s location is not part of the essential function of your application, you might choose to simply restrict the feature that uses it. For example, when Location Services is turned off, Camera automatically turns off the

68、feature that adds the user’s location to the photos they take. It does not prevent users from taking photos unless they change their preference, because adding location information to photos is appreciated, but not essen