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1、TheTheTenTenBooksBooksononArchitectureArchitectureVITRUVIUSVITRUVIUSBOOKBOOK1PREFACEPREFACE1.WhileyourdivineintelligencewillImperatCaesarwereengagedinacquiringtherighttocommthewldwhileyourfellowcitizenswhenalltheirenemie
2、shadbeenlaidlowbyyourinvinciblevalourwereglyinginyourtriumphvicty—whileallfeignnationswereinsubjectionawaitingyourbeckcalltheRomanpeoplesenatereleasedfromtheiralarmwerebeginningtobeguidedbyyourmostnobleconceptionspolicie
3、sIhardlydaredinviewofyourseriousemploymentstopublishmywritingslongconsideredideasonarchitectureffearofsubjectingmyselftoyourdispleasurebyanunseasonableinterruption.2.ButwhenIsawthatyouweregivingyourattentionnotonlytothew
4、elfareofsocietyingeneraltotheestablishmentofpublicderbutalsototheprovidingofpublicbuildingsintendedfutilitarianpurposessothatnotonlyshouldtheStatehavebeenenrichedwithprovincesbyyourmeansbutthatthegreatnessofitspowermight
5、likewisebeattendedwithdistinguishedauthityinitspublicbuildingsIthoughtthatIoughttotakethefirstopptunitytolaybefeyoumywritingsonthistheme.FinthefirstplaceitwasthissubjectwhichmademeknowntoyourfathertowhomIwasdevotedonacco
6、untofhisgreatqualities.Afterthecouncilofheavengavehimaplaceinthedwellingsofimmtallife4.Thereasonsfallthisareasfollows.Anarchitectoughttobeaneducatedmansoastoleaveamelastingremembranceinhistreatises.Secondlyhemusthaveakno
7、wledgeofdrawingsothathecanreadilymakesketchestoshowtheappearanceofthewkwhichheproposes.Geometryalsoisofmuchassistanceinarchitectureinparticularitteachesustheuseoftherulecompassesbywhichespeciallyweacquirereadinessinmakin
8、gplansfbuildingsintheirgroundsrightlyapplythesquaretheleveltheplummet.Bymeansofopticsagainthelightinbuildingscanbedrawnfromfixedquartersofthesky.Itistruethatitisbyarithmeticthatthetotalcostofbuildingsiscalculatedmeasurem
9、entsarecomputedbutdifficultquestionsinvolvingsymmetryaresolvedbymeansofgeometricaltheiesmethods.5.Awideknowledgeofhistyisrequisitebecauseamongthenamentalpartsofanarchitectsdesignfawktherearemanytheunderlyingideaofwhoseem
10、ploymentheshouldbeabletoexplaintoGreeinquirers.FinstancesupposehimtosetupthemarblestatuesofwomeninlongrobescalledCaryatidestotaketheplaceofcolumnswiththemutulesconasplaceddirectlyabovetheirheadshewillgivethefollowingexpl
11、anationtohisquestioners.CaryaeastateinPeloponnesussidedwiththePersianenemiesagainstGreecelatertheGreekshavinggliouslywontheirfreedombyvictyinthewarmadecommoncausedeclaredwaragainstthepeopleofCaryae.Theytookthetownkilledt
12、hemenabonedtheStatetodesolationcarriedofftheirwivesintoslaverywithoutpermittingthemhowevertolayasidethelongrobesothermarksoftheirrankasmarriedwomensothattheymightbeobligednotonlytomarchinthetriumphbuttoappearfeverafteras
13、atypeofslaveryburdenedwiththeweightoftheirshamesomakingatonementftheirState.Hencethearchitectsofthetimedesignedfpublicbuildingsstatuesofthesewomenplacedsoasto[7]carryaloadinderthatthesinthepunishmentofthepeopleofCaryaemi
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