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1、wd文檔整理分享參考資料1、外文原文外文原文A:A:FundamentalsFundamentalsofofSinglechipSinglechipMicrocomputerMicrocomputerThesinglechipmicrocomputeristheculminationofboththedevelopmentofthedigitalcomputertheintegratedcircuitarguablythetowmost

2、significantinventionsofthe20thcentury[1].Thesetowtypesofarchitecturearefoundinsinglechipmicrocomputer.SomeemploythesplitprogramdatamemyoftheHarvardarchitectureshowninFig.35A1othersfollowthephilosophywidelyadaptedfgeneral

3、purposecomputersmicroprocesssofmakingnologicaldistinctionbetweenprogramdatamemyasinthePrincetonarchitectureshowninFig.35A2.Ingeneraltermsasinglechipmicrocomputerisacterizedbytheincpationofalltheunitsofacomputerintoasingl

4、edeviceasshowninFig35A3.Fig.35A1Fig.35A1AHarvardHarvardtypetypeFig.35A2.Fig.35A2.AconventionalconventionalPrincetonPrincetoncomputercomputerProgrammemyDatamemyCPUInputtherecanstillbeasignificantsavinginIOotherchipscompar

5、edtoaconventionalmicroprocessbasedcircuit.MeexactreplacementfROMdevicescanbeobtainedinthefmofvariantswithpiggybackEPROM(ErasableprogrammableROM)socketsdeviceswithEPROMinsteadofROM。Thesedevicesarenaturallymeexpensivethane

6、quivalentROMdevicebutdoprovidecompletecircuitequivalents.EPROMbaseddevicesarealsoextremelyattractiveflowvolumeapplicationswheretheyprovidetheadvantagesofasinglechipdeviceintermsofonchipIOetc.withtheconvenienceofflexibleu

7、serprogrammability.RomRomaccessaccessmemymemy(RAM).(RAM).RAMisfthestageofwkingvariablesdatausedduringprogramexecution.Thesizeofthismemyvarieswithdevicetypebutithasthesameacteristicwidth(4816bitsetc.)astheprocessSpecialfu

8、nctionregisterssuchasstackpointertimerregisterareoftenlogicallyincpatedintotheRAMarea.ItisalsocommoninHarardtypemicrocomputerstotreattheRAMareaasacollectionofregisteritisunnecessarytomakedistinctionbetweenRAMprocessregis

9、terasisdoneinthecaseofamicroprocesssystemsinceRAMregistersarenotusuallyphysicallyseparatedinamicrocomputer.CentralCentralprocessingprocessingunitunit(CPU).(CPU).TheCPUismuchlikethatofanymicroprocess.Manyapplicationsofmic

10、rocomputersmicrocontrollersinvolvethehlingofbinarycodeddecimal(BCD)data(fnumericaldisplaysfexample)henceitiscommontofindthattheCPUiswelladaptedtohlingthistypeofdata.Itisalsocommontofindgoodfacilitiesftestingsettingresett

11、ingindividualbitsofmemyIOsincemanycontrollerapplicationsinvolvetheturningonoffofsingleoutputlinesthereadingthesingleline.Theselinesarereadilyinterfacedtotwostatedevicessuchasswitchesthermostatssolidstaterelaysvalvesmotet

12、c.ParallelParallelinputoutput.inputoutput.Parallelinputoutputschemesvarysomewhatindifferentmicrocomputerinmostamechanismisprovidedtoatleastallowsomeflexibilityofchoosingwhichpinsareoutputswhichareinputs.Thismayapplytoall

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