中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧ppt課件

1、閱讀理解解題技巧,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,閱讀理解 是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點項目，是考試的一個重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗

2、學生對有關信息的加工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。 因此，閱讀理解的功夫應下在平時。多分析題型，多了解考點，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,2,1 ﹑理解主旨和要義 2 ﹑理解文中的具體位置3 ﹑根據上下文推斷生詞的詞義4 ﹑作出判斷和推理5 ﹑理解文章的基本結構6 ﹑理解作者的意圖﹑觀點和態(tài)度,3,主旨大意型,事實細節(jié)型,詞 義 猜 測 型,命 題 類,,推 理 判

3、斷 型,4,,Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension,一、主旨大意題 （做題要領）,1. 干擾項 可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節(jié)。,2. 干擾項 可能屬從文中某些 (不完全的) 事實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結論。,3. 干擾項 可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。,(正確答案) 是根據文章意思全面理解而歸納概

4、括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。,,,,,,5,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject di

5、scussed in the text?6)What’s the best title for this passage?,主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:,,,,,,,,6,閱讀理解基礎訓練,Basic Training,---主旨大意題,7,Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American

6、market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as As

7、ia, and General Motors is considered Australian’s biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能滿足的）society.,,,,練習題,細節(jié)

8、題,解釋,8,Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign ca

9、rs have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.,文章,解釋,9,【解析】答案為C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達的主題，

10、在主題句出現后，再舉例子陳述細節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來表示一個段落的主旨大意。,文章,10,文章中心是論點，事實細節(jié)是論據或主要理由；有關細節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細節(jié)及事實進行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。,提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。,

11、,事實細節(jié)型,解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關系，決不能主觀臆斷。,11,1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that___.4）According to the passage, when

12、( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)___?,在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特定細節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：,12,閱讀理解基礎訓練,Basic Training,---事實細節(jié)型,13,Q1) ____ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35℃to 90℃. A. 55

13、 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275,Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A.  A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does.

14、B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D.

15、A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.,解釋,文章,14,Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is

16、the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1℃. The number of c

17、alories people need per day is different, as the chart shows……,練習題,,,解釋,,,第三節(jié),15,【解析】答案為 D 。 根據文章細節(jié)內容，計算公式為： (90-35)×5×1=275【解析】答案為 C 。 根據文章圖表，依次驗證A、B、C、D 四個答案的內容是否正確。很易找出 C 符合圖表內容。,文章,16,同義法 常在詞或短語之間

18、有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此可以推測。,反義法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。,釋義法 對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明。,,詞義猜測型,情景推斷法、代詞替代法等,17,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

19、,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,判斷詞義,1）文中找線索或信息詞;2) 根據熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意； 3）根據上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。,做題要領,18,閱讀理解基礎訓練,Basic Training,

20、---詞義猜測型,19,Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Pass

21、age3: Most women in Ghana —— the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic

22、 independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(應得的，值得的).,,解 釋,第四節(jié),,,20,解 釋,這段文字中講到加納這個國家中 的大多數婦女，受過教育的 （educated）和沒有受過教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在農村的（rural），年輕的（young）和年長的（o

23、ld）正好是一對對反義詞。因此選 C 項。,本題答案選C,,21,推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個題中常有6-8個，著重考查學生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。,以原文內容為前提，據作者的觀點理論（非考生觀點），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。,,推理判斷型,透過現象看本質，領悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。,22,推理判斷題（做題要領）,既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學

24、生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。,23,推理判斷型常見的命題方式有： The passage implies (暗示) that_______. We can conclude (得出結論) from the passage that_____.Which of the following can be inferred (推論)?What is the

25、tone (語氣) of the author ?What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?The passage is intended to _____.Where would this passage most probably appear?,,,,,,,,24,閱讀理解基礎訓練,Basic Training,---推理判斷型,25,Passage4 Th

26、e concept (n. 觀念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 個人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices bas

27、ed upon present (adj.現在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure

28、of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a complet

29、ely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，勞心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise.,練習題,解釋,,,,,,P5,26,Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because____. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B.

30、it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.,文章,27,解析：據前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會導致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選 D 。選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據或

31、理由，不能只憑常識或自己主觀胡亂推測。,文章,28,Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成績 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger

32、 holds (vi.認為). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近來的 ) point ( n.觀點 ), he notes ( vi.特別指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使變得更緊 ) grading standards (及格標準 ) and restore ( vt.恢復使用 ) failing grade

33、s (不及格分數或標準 ).,練習題,,,解釋,,總結,29,Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_____.rewarding poor performance ( n.成績 ) may kil

34、l the creativity of students .B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 給…不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj.全面的 ) academic (adj.學校的 ) standards.D. Discouraging ( vt.使…失去

35、信心 ) the students’ anticipation ( n.預期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.緊急 ).,文章,,,30,解析: 問題是文中 Eisenberger 舉的一個例子,通過例證題目的考點分析, 我們知道一般例子前后總結性的話(論點)是解決問題的關鍵,這樣我們就可以判斷出該例要說明的問題……(答案:A) The topic sentence:

36、 A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students.譯: 假設老師總讓學生關注獎勵,或對表現一般的學生也給高分,那么學生們最終都會不求進取,沒有靈感及想象力。,文章,31,研究近幾年閱讀理解試題，我們不難發(fā)現命題者越來越注重考查學生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判斷能力，因此有關閱讀理解題目更為重要的是:主旨大意型推理判斷型,summary,32,

37、主旨大意題,干擾項 可能是文中某個具體事實或細節(jié)。,干擾項 可能是從文中某些 (不完全的) 事 實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結論。,干擾項 可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。,(正確答案) : 據文章全面理解而歸納概括出來的；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。,,,,33,推理判斷題：重頭戲，20個題中常有6-8個，著重考查學生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。,以原文內容為前提，據作者的觀點理論（非考生觀點），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現象或事例給予合

38、理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。,,推理判斷型,透過現象看本質，領悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。,34,* Pay attention to the usage of the Cleft Sentence and Non-Predicate Verbs. * Learn to apply these skills to finish exercises on Reading Comprehen