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1、PRECASTCONCRETESHEARWALLCONNECTIONSFSEISMICZONESK.A.Soudki(l)S.H.Rizkalla(2)ABSTRACTTheprecastconcreteshearwallsystemisbecomingverypopularinNthAmericaflowmediumhighriseconstructionduetotheeconomicaladvantagespossiblewith

2、theeasespeedofassemblythehighqualityoftheprecastpanels.Theconnectionsbetweenpanelsareextremelyimptantsincetheyaffectboththespeedoferectiontheoverallintegrityofthestructure.Thispaperpresentstheresultsofthelasttwophasesofa

3、sixyearresearchprogramconductedtoinvestigatethebehaviourthecapacityoffIfteenconnectionconfigurationsusedfprecastloadbearingshearwallpanelssubjectedtomonotonicshearloadinglargereversedcyclicloadingconditions.Connectioncon

4、figurationsincludedrypackedplainsurfacedrypackedplainsurfacewithcontinuityreinfcementdrypackedwithtwotypesofmechanicalshearconnectsinadditiontothecontinuitybarsdrypackedwithposttensioningtwotypesofdrypackedmultiplesheark

5、eys.Theresearchalsoincludeconnectionswhichsuppthollowceslabwithwithoutposttensioning.Theperfmanceofnewinnovativeconnectionssuchaspartialcompletedebondingofthereinfcementcontinuitytheuseofenergydissipatingmechanicalconnec

6、tionsfthecontinuityreinfcementwerealsoexamined.Threedifferentlevelsofloadnmaltotheconnectiontosimulatetheeffectsofgravityloadwereused.Theresearchfmdingsofthisinvestigationwereimplementedinthedesignconstructionofthree32st

7、iesapartmentbuildingsinWinnipegManitoba.Theconnectionsconsideredinthisstudyprovidedsignificantsavingsinconstructiontimecost.1DoctalCidateCivilEngineeringDepartmehtUniversityofManitoba2AssociateDeanofEngineeringProfessUni

8、versityofManitobatensioningagainsttwoabutmentslocatedateachendofthelowerpanel.Thehizontalcyclicloadwasappliedtothetopconcretepanelusinga1000leNcapacityMTSclosedloopcyclicactuatbymeansofapushpulltypeloadingyoke.Theconfigu

9、rationofthetoppanelintheshearspecimenstheloadingyokeallowedapplicationofapureshearloadtotheconnection.IntheflexuralspecimenstheloadingyokewaslocatedacrossthetoppanelatISOOmmabovethejointregion.Thisconfigurationprovidedam

10、omentMtoshearVratiofthegivenconnectionlengthL(MN.L)of1.5falltestspecimens.Thisratioistypicalvaluefconnectionnearthebaseofa10stywallbuilding.Theverticalaxialloadof2MPanmaltothejointwasappliedusinganindependentprestressing

11、systemdesignedtopreventanyconstraintsinthedirectionoftheappliedshearflexuralloadsasshowninFigures2(a)(b).Thespecimenwasinstrumentedtomeasuretheappliedloadtomonitdifferentresponsemechanisms:1)Overallpaneltopaneldisplaceme

12、nt2)Localdefmationsacrossjointincludinginterfacepaneltopanelsliprockingbehaviourwhichisopeningclosingofthejointinterface3.)Reinfcementstrainsattheconnectionregion.Thetestingprocedurestartedbyapplyingtheverticalnmalloadof

13、2MPafollowedbyinitialreadingofalltheinstrumentation.Fthecyclicpuresheartestsloadingproceededby3cyclesatincreasingloadincrementof50leNuptocrackingslippingoftheconnection.Aftercrackingthetestwascontrolledbythespecifiedslip

14、acrossthejointregionwith3cyclesatslipincrementof1mm.Theloadingpatternusedfthereversedcyclicflexuraltestswasbyapplyingcontrolledseriesofquasistaticfullyreversedcyclicloadingpatternthreecyclesateachlevel.Initiallytheloadwa

15、sappliedusing25%incrementsofconnectionstrength.Subsequentlythespecimenwassubjectedtodisplacementcyclesatmultiplesoftheyielddisplacementuntilfailure.Betweeneachofthesesetsoflargeamplitudecyclesaserviceamplitudecycle(60%of

16、theyield)wasedtoevaruatepossibledegradationoftheconnection.ThetestwasterminatedwhentheloadcarryingcapacityoftheprecastconnectionpedbelowSO%ofthemaximumloadreached.TESTRESULTSDISCUSSIONCyclicShearProgramThecyclicpureshear

17、testresultssuggestthatthecyclicshearbehaviouroftheconnectionscouldbedescribedinthreedistinctstagesasshowninFigure3(a)whichgivestypicalshearresistanceslipbehaviour.Thefirststagedescribestheperfectlyelasticstiffbehaviourpr

18、itoinitiationofslipbetweenthedrypackgroutthepanels.Thesecondstagedescribestheinelasticbehaviouraftertheinitiationofslip.Duringthisstagethedrypackgroutremainsvirtuallyintacttheremaybesomeincreasedecreaseinshearresistancew

19、ithincreasedslipmagnitudes.ThebehaviourofthespecimenduringthisstageisalmostrectangularshearresistancesliphysteresisloopsasshowninFigure3(a).Theshearkeyconnection(SK)exhibitedadramaticincreaseinshearresistancewithlimiteds

20、lipduringthisstageduetothepresenceoftheshearkeys.ThethirdstageofbehaviourisinitiatedbysuddenextensivecrushingspallingofthedrypackgroutasshowninFigure4(a)accompaniedbyasignificantreductioninshearresistance.Afterfailureoft

21、hedrypackgroutthehysteresisloopsstabilizedatareducedshearresistancethedrypackgroutwasvirtuallygroundintopowder.TherelativeperfmanceofthefiveconnectionconfigurationsundercyclicshearloadingisillustratedinFigure5.Theinfluen

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